The document provides information on various Greek and Roman sculptors, artworks, and architectural structures. It discusses prominent Greek sculptors like Praxiteles, Skopas, and Lysippos. It then covers various structures from the ancient world including the Seven Wonders of the World, artifacts from Pompeii, and imperial Roman art like the Augustus of Prima Porta statue and Ara Pacis altar. The document also mentions Roman architectural features such as arches, columns, and the Colosseum amphitheater.

1. PRAXITELES SKOPAS LYSIPPOS

2. “ Hellenistic:” In the style of the Greeks (spread of Greek culture to non-Greek lands) Bust of Alexander the Great (after an original by Lysippos)

3. Mosaic (from Pella, Macedonia) TESSERAE: The individual chips in a mosaic

4. Ephesus

5. Pergamon: Acropolis—ALTAR OF ZEUS Giants: Primeval, cthonic monsters “ Gigantomachy”

6. Pergamon: ASCLEPION Asclepius: Healing god

11. Destroyed—Christians, 401 AD SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD: TEMPLE of ARTEMIS at EPHESUS

14. ETRUSCANS: Cental Italy, Tuscany (Etruria) 

15. VERISTIC (Topographical) Blunt, unidealized portraits, intended to convey Republican virtues through physiognomy (the study of the face): --seriousness --experience --loyalty --determination Rome: Republican-era sculpture

16. BATTLE OF ACTIUM (31 BC) Naval Battle, Ionian Sea Octavian vs. combined forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra (Egyptian Ptolomeic Queen) Octavian: adopted son of Julius Caesar Caesarion: son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra; Marc Antony, aligned with Cleopatra, tried to promote Caesarion as the true heir of Caesar

17. 27 BC: AUGUSTUS (“Supreme Ruler”) Roman Empire

18. Octavian Augustus Octavian: Changes his name to Augustus

19. Greek idealism: generic (the perfectibility of human nature) Roman idealism: specific (highly propagandistic) Rome: Imperial sculpture Greece: Doryphoros Rome: Augustus

20. Rome: Imperial sculpture Augustus of Prima Porta

21. Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta Ideal: generic idea Ideal: specific individual

22. Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta Cupid: Son of Venus; father of Aeneas  Dolphin: Symbol of Venus; born from the sea  Julio-Claudian line: Claimed to be descended from Aeneas

23. Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)  Parthian  Standard Roman soldier 

24. Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)  Caelus: canopy of the sky  Moon: descending Sun: ascending  Apollo: sun   Diana: moon Mother Earth figure with  cornucopia (horn of plenty): Wealth and bounty of the new age that is dawning

25. Ara Pacis Augustae Ara: altar Pacis: peace Augustae: Augustan “ The Altar of Augustan Peace” Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propaganda ARA PACIS

26. Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propaganda ARA PACIS  Aeneas Shrine   Sow

27. Peace and bounty carried over earth and sea, blown by wind and carried by waters to four corners of the earth + Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propaganda ARA PACIS

28. POMPEII MT. VESUVIUS Roman painting

29. NERO: --He commits suicide in 68 AD. --The Senate declares him an enemy of the state and Galba, a Roman governor in Spain, marches on Rome. --Nero commits suicide and Galba becomes emperor --Galba is assassinated and two other emperors quickly come and go --The eastern armies declare their general, Vespasian, as emperor.

30. Rome: Imperial portraiture—Vespasian (return to veristic style)

31. Vespasian Flavian Ampitheater: “ COLOSSEUM”

32. Roman architecture: arch construction VOUSSOIRS: wedge-shaped blocks which comprise an arch KEYSTONE: Central voussoirs

33.   FORCE ABSORBS FORCE = STABILITY   Roman architecture: arch construction

34. Roman monuments: arches Arch of Titus TRIUMPHAL ARCH (Triumph): celebrates Sack of Jerusalem

35. Triumphal Columns Column of Trajan: celebrates victory over Dacians Roman monuments: columns