In this work, we obtained an exact solution to Schrodinger equation using q-deformed Woods-Saxon plus
modified Coulomb potential Using conventional Nikiforov-Uvarov method. We also obtained the energy
eigen value and its associated total wave function . This potential with some suitable conditions reduces to
two well known potentials namely: the Yukawa and coulomb potential. Finally, we obtained the numerical
results for energy eigen value with different values of q as dimensionless parameter. The result shows that
the values of the energies for different quantum number(n) is negative(bound state condition) and increases
with an increase in the value of the dimensionless parameter(arbitrary constant). The graph in figure (1)
shows the different energy levels for a particular quantum number.
Bound State Solution of the Klein–Gordon Equation for the Modified Screened C...BRNSS Publication Hub
We present solution of the Klein–Gordon equation for the modified screened Coulomb potential (Yukawa) plus inversely quadratic Yukawa potential through formula method. The conventional formula method which constitutes a simple formula for finding bound state solution of any quantum mechanical wave equation, which is simplified to the form; 2122233()()''()'()()0(1)(1)kksAsBscsssskssks−++ψ+ψ+ψ=−−. The bound state energy eigenvalues and its corresponding wave function obtained with its efficiency in spectroscopy.
Key words: Bound state, inversely quadratic Yukawa, Klein–Gordon, modified screened coulomb (Yukawa), quantum wave equation
Bound- State Solution of Schrodinger Equation with Hulthen Plus Generalized E...ijrap
We apply an approximation to centrifugal term to find bound state solutions to Schrodinger equation with
Hulthen Plus generalized exponential Coulomb potential Using Nikiforov-Uvarov Method. Using this
method, we obtained the energy-eigen value and the total wave function. We implement C++ algorithm, to
obtained the numerical values of the energy for different quantum state starting from the first excited state
for different values of the screening parameter.
Exact Solutions of the Klein-Gordon Equation for the Q-Deformed Morse Potenti...ijrap
In this work, we solve the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation for the general deformed Morse potential with
equal scalar and vector potentials by using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method, which is based on the
solutions of general second-order linear differential equation with special functions. The energy
eigenvalues and corresponding normalized eigenfunctions are obtained. It is found that the eigenfunctions
can be expressed by the Laguerre polynomials. Our solutions have a good agreement with earlier study.
Bound State Solution to Schrodinger Equation with Hulthen Plus Exponential Co...ijrap
In this work, we obtained an approximate bound state solution to Schrodinger with Hulthen plus
exponential Coulombic potential with centrifugal potential barrier using parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov
method. We obtained both the eigen energy and the wave functions to non -relativistic wave equations. We
implement Matlab algorithm to obtained the numerical bound state energies for various values of
adjustable screening parameter at various quantum state.. The developed potential reduces to Hulthen
potential and the numerical bound state energy conform to that of existing literature.
Bound State Solution of the Klein–Gordon Equation for the Modified Screened C...BRNSS Publication Hub
We present solution of the Klein–Gordon equation for the modified screened Coulomb potential (Yukawa) plus inversely quadratic Yukawa potential through formula method. The conventional formula method which constitutes a simple formula for finding bound state solution of any quantum mechanical wave equation, which is simplified to the form; 2122233()()''()'()()0(1)(1)kksAsBscsssskssks−++ψ+ψ+ψ=−−. The bound state energy eigenvalues and its corresponding wave function obtained with its efficiency in spectroscopy.
Key words: Bound state, inversely quadratic Yukawa, Klein–Gordon, modified screened coulomb (Yukawa), quantum wave equation
Bound- State Solution of Schrodinger Equation with Hulthen Plus Generalized E...ijrap
We apply an approximation to centrifugal term to find bound state solutions to Schrodinger equation with
Hulthen Plus generalized exponential Coulomb potential Using Nikiforov-Uvarov Method. Using this
method, we obtained the energy-eigen value and the total wave function. We implement C++ algorithm, to
obtained the numerical values of the energy for different quantum state starting from the first excited state
for different values of the screening parameter.
Exact Solutions of the Klein-Gordon Equation for the Q-Deformed Morse Potenti...ijrap
In this work, we solve the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation for the general deformed Morse potential with
equal scalar and vector potentials by using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method, which is based on the
solutions of general second-order linear differential equation with special functions. The energy
eigenvalues and corresponding normalized eigenfunctions are obtained. It is found that the eigenfunctions
can be expressed by the Laguerre polynomials. Our solutions have a good agreement with earlier study.
Bound State Solution to Schrodinger Equation with Hulthen Plus Exponential Co...ijrap
In this work, we obtained an approximate bound state solution to Schrodinger with Hulthen plus
exponential Coulombic potential with centrifugal potential barrier using parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov
method. We obtained both the eigen energy and the wave functions to non -relativistic wave equations. We
implement Matlab algorithm to obtained the numerical bound state energies for various values of
adjustable screening parameter at various quantum state.. The developed potential reduces to Hulthen
potential and the numerical bound state energy conform to that of existing literature.
SOLUTIONS OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH INVERSELY QUADRATIC HELLMANN PLUS ...ijrap
The solutions of the Schrödinger equation with inversely quadratic Hellmann plus Mie-type potential for
any angular momentum quantum number have been presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The
bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms
of the Laguerre polynomials. Several cases of the potential are also considered and their eigen values obtained.
EXACT SOLUTIONS OF SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH SOLVABLE POTENTIALS FOR NON PT/P...ijrap
We have obtained explicitly the exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation with Non PT/PT symmetric
Rosen Morse II, Scarf II and Coulomb potentials. Energy eigenvalues and the corresponding
unnormalized wave functions for these systems for both Non PT and PT symmetric are also obtained using
the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method.
Solutions of the Schrodinger Equation with Inversely Quadratic Hellmann Plus ...ijrap
The solutions of the Schrödinger equation with inversely quadratic Hellmann plus Mie-type potential for
any angular momentum quantum number have been presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The
bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms
of the Laguerre polynomials. Several cases of the potential are also considered and their eigen values
obtained.
SOLUTIONS OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH INVERSELY QUADRATIC HELLMANN PLUS ...ijrap
The solutions of the Schrödinger equation with inversely quadratic Hellmann plus Mie-type potential for
any angular momentum quantum number have been presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The
bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms
of the Laguerre polynomials. Several cases of the potential are also considered and their eigen values obtained.
EXACT SOLUTIONS OF SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH SOLVABLE POTENTIALS FOR NON PT/P...ijrap
We have obtained explicitly the exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation with Non PT/PT symmetric
Rosen Morse II, Scarf II and Coulomb potentials. Energy eigenvalues and the corresponding
unnormalized wave functions for these systems for both Non PT and PT symmetric are also obtained using
the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method.
Solutions of the Schrodinger Equation with Inversely Quadratic Hellmann Plus ...ijrap
The solutions of the Schrödinger equation with inversely quadratic Hellmann plus Mie-type potential for
any angular momentum quantum number have been presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The
bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms
of the Laguerre polynomials. Several cases of the potential are also considered and their eigen values
obtained.
The approximate bound state of the nonrelativistic Schrӧdinger equation was
obtained with the modified trigonometric scarf type potential in the framework of
asymptotic iteration method for any arbitrary angular momentum quantum number l
using a suitable approximate scheme to the centrifugal term. The effect of the screening
parameter and potential depth on the eigenvalue was studied numerically. Finally, the
scattering phase shift of the nonrelativistic Schrӧdinger equation with the potential
under consideration was calculated.
ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS OF THE MODIFIED COULOMB POTENTIAL USING THE FACTORIZATIO...ijrap
We have solved exactly Schrödinger equation with modified Coulomb Potential under the framework of
factorization method. Energy levels and the corresponding wave functions in terms of associated Laquerre
function are also obtained. For further guide to interested readers we have computed the energy
eigenvalue for some selected elements for various values of n and l .
Crack problems concerning boundaries of convex lens like formsijtsrd
The singular stress problem of aperipheral edge crack around a cavity of spherical portion in an infinite elastic medium whenthe crack is subjected to a known pressure is investigated. The problem is solved byusing integral transforms and is reduced to the solution of a singularintegral equation of the first kind. The solution of this equation is obtainednumerically by the method due to Erdogan, Gupta , and Cook, and thestress intensity factors are displayed graphically.Also investigated in this paper is the penny-shaped crack situated symmetrically on the central plane of a convex lens shaped elastic material. Doo-Sung Lee"Crack problems concerning boundaries of convex lens like forms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11106.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathamatics/11106/crack-problems-concerning-boundaries-of-convex-lens-like-forms/doo-sung-lee
Analytical Solutions of the Modified Coulomb Potential using the Factorizatio...ijrap
We have solved exactly Schrödinger equation with modified Coulomb Potential under the framework of factorization method. Energy levels and the corresponding wave functions in terms of associated Laquerre
function are also obtained. For further guide to interested readers we have computed the energy eigenvalue for some selected elements for various values of n and l .
Analytical Solution Of Schrödinger Equation With Mie–Type Potential Using Fac...ijrap
we have obtained the analytical solution of Schrödinger wave equation with Mie – type potential
using factorization method. We have also obtained energy eigenvalues of our potential and the
corresponding wave function using an ansatz and then compare the result to standard Laguerre’s
differential equation. Under special cases our potential model reduces two well known potentials such as
Coulomb and the Kratzer Feus potentials
Analytical Solution Of Schrödinger Equation With Mie–Type Potential Using Fac...ijrap
we have obtained the analytical solution of Schrödinger wave equation with Mie – type potential
using factorization method. We have also obtained energy eigenvalues of our potential and the
corresponding wave function using an ansatz and then compare the result to standard Laguerre’s
differential equation. Under special cases our potential model reduces two well known potentials such as
Coulomb and the Kratzer Feus potentials.
GDQ SIMULATION FOR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OF A NANOFLUID OVER A NONLINEARLY S...AEIJjournal2
This paper presents the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) simulation for analysis of a nanofluid
over a nonlinearly stretching sheet. The obtained governing equations of flow and heat transfer are
discretized by GDQ method and then are solved by Newton-Raphson method. The effects of stretching
parameter, Brownian motion number (Nb), Thermophoresis number (Nt) and Lewis number (Le), on the
concentration distribution and temperature distribution are evaluated. The obtained results exhibit that
Bound State Solution to Schrodinger Equation With Modified Hylleraas Plus Inv...ijrap
In this work, we obtained an approximate bound state solution to Schrodinger equation with modified
Hylleraass plus inversely quadratic potential using Supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach.
Applying perkeris approximation to the centrifugal term, we obtained the eigen-energy and the normalized
wave function using Gauss and confluent hypergeometric functions. We implement Fortran algorithm to
obtained the numerical result of the energy for the screening parameter α = 0.1,0.2,0.3, 0.4 0.5 and .
The result shows that the energy increases with an increase in the quantum state. The energy spectrum
shows increase in angular quantum state spacing as the screening parameter increases.
Analytical Solution Of Schrodinger Equation With Mie-Type Potential Using Fac...ijrap
we have obtained the analytical solution of Schrödinger wave equation with Mie – type potential
using factorization method. We have also obtained energy eigenvalues of our potential and the
corresponding wave function using an ansatz and then compare the result to standard Laguerre’s
differential equation. Under special cases our potential model reduces two well known potentials such as
Coulomb and the Kratzer Feus potentials.
BOUND STATE SOLUTION TO SCHRODINGER EQUATION WITH MODIFIED HYLLERAAS PLUS INV...ijrap
In this work, we obtained an approximate bound state solution to Schrodinger equation with modified
Hylleraass plus inversely quadratic potential using Supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach.
Applying perkeris approximation to the centrifugal term, we obtained the eigen-energy and the normalized
wave function using Gauss and confluent hypergeometric functions. We implement Fortran algorithm to
obtained the numerical result of the energy for the screening parameter α = 0.1,0.2,0.3, 0.4 0.5 and .
The result shows that the energy increases with an increase in the quantum state. The energy spectrum
shows increase in angular quantum state spacing as the screening parameter increases.
Microscopic Mechanisms of Superconducting Flux Quantum and Superconducting an...Qiang LI
We have provided microscopic explanations to superconducting flux quantum and (superconducting and normal) persistent current. Flux quantum is generated by current carried by "deep electrons" at surface states. And values of the flux quantum differs according to the electronic states and coupling of the carrier electrons. Generation of persistent carrier electrons does not dissipate energy; instead there would be emission of real phonons and release of corresponding energy into the environment; but the normal carrier electrons involved still dissipate energy. Even for or persistent carriers,there should be a build-up of energy of the middle state and a build-up of the probability of virtual transition of electrons to the middle state, and the corresponding relaxation should exist accordingly.
Similar to Exact Bound State Solution of Qdeformed Woods-Saxon Plus Modified Coulomb Potential Using Conventional NIKIFOROV-UVAROV Method (20)
On the Unification of Physic and the Elimination of Unbound Quantitiesijrap
This paper supports Descartes' idea of a constant quantity of motion, modernized by Leibniz. Unlike Leibniz, the paper emphasizes that the idea is not realized by forms of energy, but by energy itself. It remains constant regardless of the form, type, or speed of motion, even that of light. Through force, energy is only transformed. Here it is proved that force is its derivative. It exists even at rest, representing the object's minimal energy state. With speed, we achieve its multiplication up to the maximum energy state, from which a maximum force is derived from the object. From this point, corresponding to Planck's Length, we find the value of the force wherever we want. Achieving this removes the differences between various natural forces. The new idea eliminates infinite magnitudes. The process allows the laws to transition from simple to complex forms and vice versa, through differentiation-integration. For this paper, this means achieving the Unification Theory.
Gravity Also Redshifts Light – the Missing Phenomenon That Could Resolve Most...ijrap
In this paper I discover that gravity also redshifts light like the velocity of its source does. When light travels towards a supermassive object, its waves (or photons) undergo continuous stretching, thereby shifting towards lower frequencies. Gravity redshifts light irrespective of whether its source is in motion or static with respect to its observer. An equation is derived for gravitational redshift, and a formula for combined redshift is presented by considering both the velocity, and gravity redshifts. Also explained is how frequencies of electromagnetic spectrum continuously downgrade as a light beam of mix frequencies passes towards a black hole. Further, a clear methodology is provided to figure out whether expansion of the universe is accelerating or decelerating, or alternatively, the universe is contracting.
In this paper I present a new theory that explains as to when and how dark energy is created as mass is destroyed. The theory extends Einstein’s mass energy equation to a more generic form in order to make it work even in high gravity conditions. It also explains why dark energy is created. Further, it is proved Einstein’s mass energy equation holds good only when the destroyed mass has no supermassive object in its close vicinity. The relationship between dark energy and dark matter is unveiled. An extended mathematical form of Einstein’s mass energy equation is derived, based on which the conditions leading to dark energy creation are explained. Three new physical parameters called dark energy discriminant, dark energy radius and dark energy boundary are introduced to facilitate easy understanding of the theory. It is explained in detail that an extremely superdense object has two dark energy boundaries, outer and inner. Mass destroyed only between these two boundaries creates dark energy. Dark energy space, the space between the two aforementioned boundaries, shrouds visible matter in obscurity from optical and electromagnetic telescopes. This theory identifies Gargantuan as a superdense black hole currently creating fresh dark energy, which could be the subject of interest for the astronomical research community having access to sophisticated telescopes, and working on dark energy. It also upholds dark energy and denies the existence of dark matter. Dark matter is nothing but the well-known visible matter positioned in dark energy space. An important relationship is derived between a photon’s frequency and its distance from a black hole to demonstrate the effect of gravity on light. Another important fact revealed by this theory is gravity stretches out light, thereby causing redshift, which is unaccounted in the computation of velocities of outer galaxies. Whether the universe is undergoing accelerated or decelerated expansion, or accelerated contraction can precisely be determined only after accounting for the redshift caused by gravity
International Journal on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Applicat...ijrap
International Journal on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJSCAI)
is an open access peer-reviewed journal that provides an excellent international forum for sharing
knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Artificial Intelligence, Soft
Computing. The Journal looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Artificial
Intelligence, Soft Computing in theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the Journal is to
provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to
meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research
results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in
the areas of Database management systems.
SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF HYDROGEN DIFFUSION IN BCC METALS AT LOW TEMPERATURESijrap
Purpose of the work is to discuss some theoretical aspects of the diffusion of hydrogen atoms in the crystal
lattice of BCC metals at low temperatures using the methods of statistical thermodynamics. The values of
the statistical model calculations of H diffusion coefficients in α-Fe, V, Ta, Nb, K are in good agreement
with the experimental data. The statistical model can also explain deviations from the Arrhenius equation
at temperatures 300-100 K in α-Fe, V, Nb and K. It was suggested that thermally activated fast tunnelling
transition of hydrogen atoms through the potential barrier at a temperature below 300 K provides an
almost free movement of H atoms in the α-Fe and V lattice at these temperatures. The results show that
quantum-statistical effects play a decisive role in the H diffusion in BCC metals at low temperatures. Using
the statistical model allows for the prediction of the diffusion coefficient for H in BCC metals at low
temperatures, where it’s necessary to consider quantum effects.
MASSIVE PHOTON HYPOTHESIS OPENS DOORS TO NEW FIELDS OF RESEARCHijrap
Mass, an inherent property of matter, is calculated directly for the photon particle from the very classical
principles of the kinetic theory of gases. It is not an end result with no perspective nor other outcome.
Quite the opposite, a single ponderable tiny photon frees the mind of old ways of thinking and opens up
new paths to a broad field of investigation where the very large can then be described and explained by the
very small. This reality of a non-zero mass suddenly shows up in the interpretation of many experiments
which become clear and simple to comprehend. Besides, that same key particle has the potential to unlock
and solve some long lasting major observational issues or enigmas. All this converges upon its
acknowledgement and acceptance.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD REGARDING A THIRD THEORY OF PHYSICS “THE EVENT:THE TH...ijrap
The quest for a third theory uniting macro-cosmos (relativity) and micro-cosmos (quantum mechanics) has coexisted with the denial of feminine/subjective polarity to masculine/objective. The dismissal of electromagnetism as the tension of opposites in quest of inner/outer unity is sourced in the denial of the feminine qualia -- the negative force field attributed to dark energy/dark matter. However, a conversion philosophy sourced in the hieros gamos and signified by the Mobius strip has formulated an integral consciousness methodology producing quantum objects by means of embracing the shadow haunting contemporary physics. This Self-reflecting process integrating subject/object comprises an ontology of kairos as the “quantum leap.” An interdisciplinary quest to create a phenomenological narrative is disclosed via a holistic apparatus of hermeneutics manifesting image/text of a contemporary grail journey. Reflected in this Third space is the sacred reality of autonomous number unifying polarities of feminine/subjective (quality) and objective/masculine (quantity) as new measurement apparatus for the quantum wave collapse.
3rd International Conference on Integrating Technology in Education (ITE 2022)ijrap
3rd International Conference on Integrating Technology in Education (ITE 2022) This forum also aims to provide a platform for exchanging ideas in new emerging trends that needs more focus and exposure and will attempt to publish proposals that strengthen our goals.
A SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATTER, ENERGY, INFORMATION, AND CONSCIOUSNESSijrap
This paper discusses the advantages of describing the universe, or nature, in terms of information and consciousness. Some problems encountered by theoretical physicists in the quest for the theory of everything stem from the limitations of trying to understand everything in terms of matter and energy only. However, if everything, including matter, energy, life, and mental processes, is described in terms of information and consciousness, much progress can be made in the search for the ultimate theory of the universe. As brilliant and successful as physics and chemistry have been over the last two centuries, it is important that nature is not viewed solely in terms of matter and energy. Two additional components are needed to unlock her secrets. While extensive writing exists that describes the connection between matter and energy and their physical basis, little work has been done to learn the special relationship between matter, energy, information, and consciousness.
This paper discusses the advantages of describing the universe, or nature, in terms of information and consciousness. Some problems encountered by theoretical physicists in the quest for the theory of everything stem from the limitations of trying to understand everything in terms of matter and energy only. However, if everything, including matter, energy, life, and mental processes, is described in terms of information and consciousness, much progress can be made in the search for the ultimate theory of the universe. As brilliant and successful as physics and chemistry have been over the last two centuries, it is important that nature is not viewed solely in terms of matter and energy. Two additional components are needed to unlock her secrets. While extensive writing exists that describes the connection between matter and energy and their physical basis, little work has been done to learn the special relationship between matter, energy, information, and
consciousness.
THE CONCEPT OF SPACE AND TIME: AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVEijrap
Understanding the concept of space and time is critical, essential, and fundamental in searching for theall-encompassing theory or the theory of everything (ToE). Some physicists argue that time exists, whileothers posit that time is only a social or mental construct. The author presents an African thought systemon space and time conception, focusing on the African (Bantu) view of space and time. The author arguesthat before the advent of the Western linear view of space and time, Africans had their own visionregarding these two concepts. Their conception of time appears to be holistic, highly philosophical, non-linear, and thought-provoking. The author hopes that exploring these two concepts from an African perspective will provide a new and more in-depth insight into reality's nature. A scientific investigation of space and time from an African-centered perspective is a worthy and necessary endeavor in the quest forthe ToE
Learning to Pronounce as Measuring Cross Lingual Joint Orthography Phonology ...ijrap
Machine learning models allow us to compare languages by showing how hard a task in each language might be to learn and perform well on. Following this line of investigation, we explore what makes a language “hard to pronounce” by modelling the task of grapheme-to-phoneme (g2p) transliteration. By training a character-level transformer model on this task across 22 languages and measuring the model’s proficiency against its grapheme and phoneme inventories, we show that certain characteristics emerge that separate easier and harder languages with respect to learning to pronounce. Namely the complexity of a language's pronunciation from its orthography is due to the expressive or simplicity of its grapheme-to phoneme mapping. Further discussion illustrates how future studies should consider relative data sparsity per language to design fairer cross-lingual comparison tasks.
THE CONCEPT OF SPACE AND TIME: AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVEijrap
Understanding the concept of space and time is critical, essential, and fundamental in searching for the all-encompassing theory or the theory of everything (ToE). Some physicists argue that time exists, while others posit that time is only a social or mental construct. The author presents an African thought system on space and time conception, focusing on the African (Bantu) view of space and time. The author argues
that before the advent of the Western linear view of space and time, Africans had their own vision
regarding these two concepts. Their conception of time appears to be holistic, highly philosophical, nonlinear, and thought-provoking. The author hopes that exploring these two concepts from an African
perspective will provide a new and more in-depth insight into reality's nature. A scientific investigation of space and time from an African-centered perspective is a worthy and necessary endeavor in the quest for the ToE.
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP)ijrap
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Physics. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Physics.
The Concept of Space and Time: An African Perspectiveijrap
Understanding the concept of space and time is critical, essential, and fundamental in searching for the all-encompassing theory or the theory of everything (ToE). Some physicists argue that time exists, while others posit that time is only a social or mental construct. The author presents an African thought system on space and time conception, focusing on the African (Bantu) view of space and time. The author argues that before the advent of the Western linear view of space and time, Africans had their own vision regarding these two concepts. Their conception of time appears to be holistic, highly philosophical, nonlinear, and thought-provoking. The author hopes that exploring these two concepts from an African perspective will provide a new and more in-depth insight into reality's nature. A scientific investigation of space and time from an African-centered perspective is a worthy and necessary endeavor in the quest for the ToE.
The majority of physicists take it for granted that the universe is made up of matter. In turn, matter is composed of atoms; atoms are made up of particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons, etc. Also, protons
and neutrons are composed of quarks, etc. Furthermore, that everything in nature is governed by the known laws of physics and chemistry. The author only partially shares this view. He argues that many phenomena in the universe may depend on rules or factors as yet incorporated by the physical sciences.
The last few years have led him to reflect on the many unsolved physics problems, such as the quest for the theory of everything (ToE), the arrow of time, the interpretation of quantum mechanics, the fine-tuned
universe, etc. to mention just a few. The author posits that a field carries information, performs various mathematical and computational operations, and behaves as an intelligent entity embedded with consciousness.
Call For Papers - International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP)ijrap
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Physics. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Physics.
Call For Papers - International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP)ijrap
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Physics. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Physics.
Call For Papers - International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP)ijrap
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Physics. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Physics.
Call For Papers - International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP)ijrap
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Physics. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Physics
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
4. An Overview of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease in Vietnam.pdf
Exact Bound State Solution of Qdeformed Woods-Saxon Plus Modified Coulomb Potential Using Conventional NIKIFOROV-UVAROV Method
1. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
DOI : 10.14810/ijrap.2014.3402 29
EXACT BOUND STATE SOLUTION OF Q-
DEFORMED WOODS-SAXON PLUS MODIFIED
COULOMB POTENTIAL USING
CONVENTIONAL NIKIFOROV-UVAROV
METHOD
Ituen .B.Okon1
, Oyebola Popoola2
and Cecilia. N.Isonguyo1
1
Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
2
Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
1
Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
In this work, we obtained an exact solution to Schrodinger equation using q-deformed Woods-Saxon plus
modified Coulomb potential Using conventional Nikiforov-Uvarov method. We also obtained the energy
eigen value and its associated total wave function . This potential with some suitable conditions reduces to
two well known potentials namely: the Yukawa and coulomb potential. Finally, we obtained the numerical
results for energy eigen value with different values of q as dimensionless parameter. The result shows that
the values of the energies for different quantum number(n) is negative(bound state condition) and increases
with an increase in the value of the dimensionless parameter(arbitrary constant). The graph in figure (1)
shows the different energy levels for a particular quantum number.
KEYWORDS
Schrodinger, Nikiforov-Uvarov method, Woods-Saxon potential plus modified exponential potential.
1. INTRODUCTION
Schrodinger equation forms the non-relativistic part of the quantum mechanics and obtaining both
exact and arbitrary solution with some chosen potentials has been of great interest because of its
enormous applications [1-2] Obtaining the total wave function and its corresponding eigen value
is essential and very important as its provides the necessary information for the quantum
mechanical systems[3-5]. Many authors have provided both exact and approximate solutions to
Schrodinger equation using different solvable potentials such as Pseudoharmonic, Rosen-Morse,
coulomb , Yukawa, Kratzer ,Hellmann potentials [6-9]. Some of these potentials are solvable in
Schrodinger equation using some method. These methods are: variational principles[10-11],
Factorization method[12], Nikiforov-Uvarov method[13-16].
2. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
30
2. q-DEFORMED WOODS-SAXON PLUS MODIFIED COULOMB
POTENTIAL
Woods-Saxon potential for more than a decade has been of practical interest especially as it is
widely used in nuclear nuclear physics to describe nuclear shell model [17-20]. Nuclear shell
model describes the interaction of nucleon with heavy nucleus [21-23]. Understanding the
behavior of electrons in the valence shell has a major role in investigating metallic system [24].
This potential is express as a function of the distance from the centre of the nucleus. Different
authors have worked with Woods-Saxon potential using different techniques especially in
relativistic quantum mechanics. C. Roja and V.M. Villalba [25] developed an approach to obtain
the bound state solution of one dimensional Dirac equation for Woods-Saxon potential. A. Ikot
and I. Akpan [26] solve the radial Schrodinger equation for more general Woods-Saxon potential
(MGWSP) using Nikiforov-Uvarov method . Also J. Sadeghi and M. Pahlavani [27] formulated
an hierarchy of Hamiltonian for Spherical Woods-Saxon potential
The q-deformed Woods-Saxon plus modified Coulomb potential is given by
0
0
( )
1
r
r R
a
v Ae
V r
r
qe
α
−
−
= −
+
(1)
Where q is the dimensionless parameter that takes different values . A is a constant value.
0
v is the potential well depth having the dimension of energy.
0
R is the nuclear radius express as
1
3
0 0
R r B
= (2)
B in equation (2) is the mass number while a in equation (1) is a length representing the surface
thickness of the nucleus. If with the condition that 0
r R r
− ≡ and
1
2
a
α
= . Then equation (1)
reduces to
( )
0
2
( )
1
r
r
v Ae
V r
r
qe
α
α
−
= −
+
(3)
The second term in equation (3) is the modified exponential term. This term takes care of the
coulomb force that exist between the valence electron and the protons in the nucleus of an atom,
and hence, give a complete description of an atom.
3. CONVENTIONAL FORM OF NIKIFOROV-UVAROV METHOD.
The Nikiforov-Uvarov method popularly known as (NU) involves reducing second order linear
differential equation into hyper-geometric type [28, 29] .This method provides exact solutions in
terms of special orthogonal functions as well as corresponding energy eigen value. This method
can be used to provide solutions to both relativistic and non-relativistic equations in quantum
mechanics with some suitable potentials. This equation can be express as
3. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
31
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
( )
0
s
s
s s s
s s
σ
τ
ψ ψ ψ
σ σ
′′ ′
+ + =
%
%
(4)
To find the solution to equation (4), the total wave function can be express as
( ) ( ) ( )
s s s
φ χ
Ψ =
(5)
Substituting, equation (5) into equation (4) reduces equation (4) into hyper-geometric type.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0
=
+
′
+
′
′ s
s
s
s
s λχ
χ
τ
χ
σ (6)
Where the wave function ψ(s) is defined as the logarithmic derivative
( )
( )
1
( )
(7)
( )
s
s
s s
π
φ
φ σ
=
Where π(s) is at most first-degree polynomials.
Equation (6) can be express in Rodrigues relation as
( )
( )
( ) ( )
n
n
n
n
B d
Y s s s
s ds
σ ρ
ρ
′′
= (8)
n
B Is the normalization constant and the weight function ρ(s) satisfies the condition.
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
s
s
s
s
ds
d
ρ
τ
ρ
σ = (9)
Such that
( ) ( ) ( )
2
s s s
τ τ π
= +
% (10)
In order to accomplish the conditions imposed on the weight function ρ(s), it is necessary that the
classical orthogonal polynomials τ(s) be equal to zero, so that its derivative be less than zero. This
implies that
( ) 0
<
ds
s
dτ
(11)
Therefore, the function π(s) and the parameter λ required for the NU-method are defined as
follows:
( )
2
2 2
s k
σ τ σ τ
π σ σ
′ ′
− −
= ± − +
% %
% (12)
( )
s
k π
λ ′
+
= (13)
The k-values in equation (12) are possible to evaluate if the expression under the square root must
be square of polynomials. This is possible, if and only if its discriminant is zero. With this, a new
eigen-value equation becomes
4. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
32
( ) 2
2
1
2
n
n n
nd d
ds ds
τ σ
λ
−
= − , n = 0, 1, 2 ...(14)
where τ(s) is as defined in equation (10) and on comparing equation (13) and equation (14), we
obtain the energy Eigen values.
4. SOLUTION OF SCHRODINGER EQUATION WITH THE
PROPOSED POTENTIAL
The Schrodinger equation is given by
2 2
2 2 2
( ) 2 ( 1)
( ) ( ) 0 (15)
2
d r l l
E V r r
dr r
µ
µ
Ψ +
+ − − Ψ =
h
h
Substituting equation (3) into equation (15) for 0
l = gives
( )
2
0
2 2 2
( ) 2
( ) 0 (16)
1
r
r
v
d r Ae
E r
dr r
qe
α
α
µ
Ψ
+ + + Ψ =
+
h
.
Using the transformation.
2 2 4
r r
s e s e
α α
= − ⇒ = and
( )
2
1 2
1
r
r
e
r qe
α
α
α
=
+
as the approximation to the centrifugal term, then
equation (16) reduces to equation (17) .
( ) ( )
2
2 0
2 2 2
( ) ( ) 2
( ) 0 (17)
2 1 1
v
d s d s A s
s s E s
ds ds qs qs
µ α
α
Ψ Ψ
+ + + − Ψ =
− −
h
.
Further simplification reduces equation (17) to
( ) ( )
2
0
2 2 2 2
( ) 1 ( ) 2
( ) 0 (18)
2 1 1
v
d s d s A s
E s
ds s ds s qs qs
µ α
α
Ψ Ψ
+ + + − Ψ =
− −
h
.
Equation (18) can further be reduced to
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
2 2
1
( ) ( ) 1
2 ( ) 0 (19)
1 1
qs
d s d s
q q s q q s s
ds s qs ds s qs
γ ε ε δ γ δ ε
−
Ψ Ψ
+ + − + − − + − Ψ =
− −
.
5. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
33
Where 0
2 2 2 2 2
, , (19 )
2 2
v
E A
and a
µ
µ µ
ε δ γ
α α α
−
= = =
h h h
. Then comparing
equation (19) with (4), we obtain the followings:
( ) 1
s qs
τ = −
% , ( ) (1 )
s s qs
σ = − , ( )
s
σ =
% ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
q q s q q s
γ ε ε δ γ δ ε
− + − − + − .
Then using equation (12), The polynomial equation of ( )
s
π become
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1
( ) 4 4 4 4 2 4( ) (20)
2 2
qs
s q q kq q s k q q s
π ε γ γ δ ε ε δ
−
= ± + − − + + + − + − .
To find the value of k we consider the discriminant, that is , only the term under the square root
sign such that 2
4 0
b ac
− = . Hence,
( ) ( )
1 2 (21)
k q q and k q q
δ γ ε δ δ γ ε δ
= − + − = − − − .
Substituting the value of 1
k for k in equation (20), then.
( )
1
( ) 1 2 2 (22)
2 2
qs
s qs
π ε δ ε δ
−
= ± − − + −
.
Also, substituting the value of 2
k for k in equation (20) then
( )
1
( ) 1 2 2 (23)
2 2
qs
s qs
π ε δ ε δ
−
= ± + − − −
.
The four values of ( )
s
π is then given by
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
2
1 2 2 ,
1 2 2 ,
1
( )
2 2
qs k q q
qs k q q
qs
s
ε δ ε δ δ γ ε δ
ε δ ε δ δ γ ε δ
π
− − + − = − + −
+ − + − = − − −
−
= ±
(24)
( )
s
π has four solutions and one of the solutions satisfied bound state condition which is
( )
1
( ) 1 2 2 (25)
2 2
qs
s qs
π ε δ ε δ
−
= − + − − −
For Bound state condition to be satisfied then equation (11) must be satisfied.
But using equation (10) then
( )
( ) 1 2 1 2 2 (26)
s qs qs
τ ε δ ε δ
= − − + − − −
.
6. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
34
Using equation (11)
( )
( ) 3 2 0 (26)
s q
τ ε δ
′ = − + − <
.
This then satisfies the bound state condition. Using equation (13)
( ) 2 (27)
k s q q q
λ π δ γ ε δ
′
= + = − − − − .
Using equation (14)
3 2 ( 1) (28)
n nq nq qn n
λ ε δ
= + − + −
5. CALCULTION OF THE ENERGY EIGEN VALUE
The energy eigen-value is obtained by equating equation (27) to equation (28) Thus,
2
( 1)
(29)
2( 1) 2 2 ( 1)
n
n q n
δ γ
ε δ
+
= − − +
+ +
.
Substituting (19a) into equation (29) gives the energy to be
2
2
2
0 0
2 2 2 2
2
( 1)
(30)
2 ( 1) ( 1) 2
n
a v a v
a A n
E
a n q n
µ µ
µ
µ
− +
= − − +
+ +
h
h h h
.
6. CALCULATION OF THE WAVE FUNCTION
Using equation (7)
( )
( )
( )
1 1
2 2
( ) ( ) 1
1 2 2 (31)
( ) ( ) 2( ) 2( )
s
s s qs
qs
s s s s qs s qs
π
φ φ
ε δ ε δ
φ σ φ
−
= ⇒ = − + − − −
− −
.
By integrating equation (31) and simplifying reduces it to
( ) ( )
1
1
1 1
2
1 2
2 2
( ) (1 ) (1 ) ( ) (1 ) (32)
s s qs qs s s qs
ε δ ε δ ε δ
ε δ
ε δ
φ φ
− + − − − −
+ −
−
= − − ⇒ = −
.
Equation (32) gives the first part of the wave function. To determine the second part of the wave
fuction, we first of all calculate the weight function using equation (9). Thus:
7. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
35
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 4
2
(1 ) (33)
s s s
d
s s s s ds ds
ds s s
s s qs
ε δ
ε δ
ρ τ σ
σ ρ τ ρ
ρ σ
ρ
+ −
− −
′ ′
−
= ⇒ =
⇒ = −
∫ ∫
Rewriting equation (33) using Rodrique relation (8) gives
( ) ( )
1 4 1 4
2 2
( ) ( ) (1 ) (1 ) (34)
n
n
n
n n n
d
s B s s qs s qs
ds
ε δ ε δ
ε δ ε δ
χ
− + − + + −
− − −
= − −
Associated Laguerre polynomial is given as.
[ ]
2 ,
2 2
( ) ( ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (35)
n
n n
n n n n
n
d
Y s B s s s s s B P s
ds
µ ν µ
ν µ ν µ +
− − +
= − − = −
Comparing equations (34) and (35) then
( ) ( )
1 8 , 1 4
( ) ( ) (1 ) (36)
n n n
s B s P qs
ε δ ε δ
χ
+ − + −
= − .
Using equation (5), we obtain the total wave function as given in equation (37).
( ) ( )
1 1
1 8 , 1 4
2 2
( ) ( ) (1 ) (1 ) (37)
n n n
s B s s qs P qs
ε δ ε δ ε δ ε δ
− − − + − + −
Ψ = − −
7. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Considering the proposed potential in equation (3), if 0 0
v α
= = , then the potential reduced to
Coulomb potential ( )
A
V r
r
−
= .
If the constant A is negative, α in the exponential function is also negative while 0 0
v = then, the
proposed potential reduces to Yukawa potential.
( )
r
Ae
V r
r
α
−
= .
8. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
36
8. NUMERICAL RESULT
Table 1: Computed values of energy for the diffuse parameter a =6.0 and v0=5ev
Fig 1
9. International Journal of Recent advances in Physics (IJRAP) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
37
9. CONCLUSION
In this work, we have used the proposed potential to determine the energy and the wave function
of the Schrodinger wave equation using conventional Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The numerical
values of this energy increases significantly with an increase in the dimensionless parameter and
this is illiustrated graphically to show the different energy levels of electron in an atom. The
numerical result also shows that the energy level increases with an increase in quantum state.
However, the negative energies in the numerical result conform to bound state condition for a
non-relativistic wave equation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
The authors expressed deep appreciation to the reviewer for a thorough review and positive
comments which have been significantly used for the improvement of this work.
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