Environment pollution

1. B.Com Sem 1-SECTION E
Karishma(20bc003)
Jeevan Jojo(20bc010)
Namrata Singla(20bc039)
Nikita Yadav(20bc041)
Kamya(20bc042)
Rashid Ali(20bc063)

3. DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMETAL
POLLUTION
Environmental pollution can, therefore, be defined
as any undesirable change in the physical, chemical
or biological characteristics of any component of
the environment ,which can cause harmful effects
on various forms of life or property

4. TYPES OF
POLLUTION

5. AIR POLLUTION
When certain substances are present in air which can cause
undesirable effects on man and environment . These include
gases , smoke, dust , soot etc.
Sources of air pollution
1.Natural Sources –forest fire , biological decay
2.Man made Sources- agricultural activities, industrial pollution
and vehicular emission .
Effect of air pollution
1. Effect on human health : years of exposure to air pollutants
can cause lung cancer , asthma and chronic bronchits .
2. 2.Effects on plants : destroy chlorophyll , erode cuticle .
Various damages can cause necrosis , chlorosis , epinasty .
3. 3.effect on material : because of their corrosiveness ,
particulates can cause damage to exposed surface . Presence
of SO2 can effect fabric , leather , marble , limestone.

6. CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
 1. use low sulphur coal in industry
 2.vehicular pollution can be checked by regular tune up of engines
 3. using mass transport system and cycles .
 Planting more trees
WATER POLLUTION
It can be defined as alteration in physical , chemical , or biological
characteristics of water making it unsuitable for designated use in its
natural state.
SOURCES OF WATERV POLLUTION
 Ground water pollution : ground water forms 6.2%of the total
water available . It seems to be less prone to pollution as the soil
mantle through which water passes helps to retain various
contaminants due to its cation exchange process .
 Surface water pollution : its sources are sewage , waste heat
, oil , agrochemicals , synthetic detergents , industrial effluents.

7. CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION
 Judicious use of agrochemicals which will reduce
leaching .
 Use of nitrogen fixing plants to supplement use of
fertilizers .
 Planting trees will prevent soil erosion .

8. We hear various types of sound everyday .It may be pleasant to someone and at the same time
unpleasant to others.This unpleasant and unwanted sound is called 'noise pollution ‘
Defination :Noise pollution means unwanted sound that can effects on human life ,wildlife and
environment quality
 Sound is described in terms of loudness (amplitude) and pitch (frequency)of wave.
 Loudness i.e.Sound pressure level (SPL) measured in decibels (dB)
 Frequency of sound wave is expressed in Hertz (Hz) which is equal to cycles per second.
 1cps=1 Hz
 Normal human ear can detect sound ranges b/w 0dB and about 14 dB and sound between
120 dB and 140 dB causing pain to ear.
 At frequency level ,human ear detect sound 20 Hz to 20,000Hz.
NOISE POLLUTION

9. Source of noise pollution :
 Modes of transportation like air,road ,rail etc.
 Industrial operations
 Construction activities for ex.mining ,bridges construction, building construction ,roads
construction etc.
 Celebrations like social , religious functions ,elections etc.
 Electric home appliances
Effects of noise pollution :-
1. Hearing problems - Any unwanted sound that our ears have not been built to filter can cause
problems within body .For ex.man made noises like horns,machines ,airplans and even vehicles
can be too loud for our hearing range which can easily damage our eardrums ,loss of hearing
and deafness can occur .
2. Psychological issues :-Excessive noise Pollution in working areas can influence psychological
health .
It can occur aggressive behaviour , distsleepde of sleep,depression , constant stress .

10. 3. Physical problems :- Noise pollution can cause headaches ,high blood pressure ,. Racing pulse ,
gastritis , colitis and even heart attack may occur.
4. Trouble community :- High decibel noise can put trouble and affect free communication between
people which leads to misunderstanding and difficult to understand other person .
Control of noise pollution :
 Noise making machines should be kept in containers with sound absorbing media so that noise path
will not reach workers .
 Proper oiling will reduce noise of machinery .
 Heavy vehicles and old vehicles may not be allowed to run in populated areas.
 Running Tv and radios at low volume.
 Use less horns while driving .
 Government can make rules that factories and industries should be stay away from residential areas .

11. • Soil contamination or soil pollution is
caused by the presence of xenobiotic
(human-made) chemicals or other
alteration in the natural soil environment.
• Contamination is correlated with the
degree of industrialization and intensity of
chemical usage
• In North America and Western Europe that
the extent of contaminated land is best
known
• Developing countries tend to be less
tightly regulated
Soil Pollution

12. • Corrosion of underground storage tanks.
• Application of pesticides and fertilizers.
• Mining
• Oil and fuel dumping
• Disposal of coalash
• Leaching fromlandfills
• Direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil
• Drainage of contaminated surface water into the soil
Causes of Soil Pollution

13. • Soil pollution starts with the flawed concept of throwing
trash on the side of a road and throwing out your dustbin on
the road.
• Besides the tons household plastic, industrial dumping of
man-made chemicals is alsodone.
• not just restricted to developing countries, but highly
developed and advanced countries as well.
• Agricultural advancement has also played a part in laying
many a green pastures barren.
Human influence

14. MARINE POLLUTION

15. What is marine pollution
Marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash,
most of which comes from land sources and is washed or blown
into the ocean. This pollution results in damage to the
environment, tothe health of all aquatic organisms.
In simple words, marine pollution is the pollution of
oceansiscausedby sewage and industrial waste, detergents,
agrochemicals, solid waste like plastic, metal etc.

16. CAUSES OF
MARINE
POLLUTION

17. Some additional causes
Ocean mining: Deep-sea ocean mining causes pollution and
disruption at the lowest levels of the ocean. Drilling for substances such
as cobalt, zinc, silver, gold and copper creates harmful sulfide deposits
deep in the ocean.
Oil spills: Ships are major contributors to ocean pollution due to
transportation or ship accidents, especially when crude oil spillsoccur.
Crude oil lasts for years in the ocean and is difficult to cleanup.

18. EFFECTS :
Harmful to marine animals:
Sea animals are common victims of ocean pollution. When the oil gets into
seabird feathers, they may not be able to fly or feed their young. Animals that
aren’t killed by crude oil may suffer from cancer, behavioral changes and
become unable to reproduce.
Marine animals also mistake small plastic debris for food and are
entangled by plastic bags and discarded fishing nets. Animals most vulnerable
to harm from plastic debris in the ocean include dolphins, fish, sharks, turtles,
seabirds and crabs.

19. Depletion of oxygen in seawater : Excess nitrogen and phosphorus in
seawateralso cause oxygen depletion. When a great deal of oxygen depletion
occurs in an area of the ocean, it can become a dead zone where no marine
life can survive.
A threat to human health : Pollutants in the ocean make their way back to
humans. Small organisms ingest toxins and are eaten by larger predators, many
of which are seafood that we eventually eat. When the toxins in contaminated
animals get deposited in human tissue, it can lead to long-term health
conditions, cancer and birth defects.

20. WHAT CAN WE DO :
Toxic pollutants from industries should not be discharged in coastal
waters
Dumping of toxic, hazardous wastes should be banned
Developmental activities on coastal areas should me minimized
Sensitive coastal areas should be protected by not allowing
drilling, mining
Use organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizer
The more trash you pick up and properly dispose of, the less waste goes
into our oceans.

21. ROLE OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN PREVENTION OF POLLUTION
The role of every individual in preventing pollution is of paramount importance
because it will have pronounced effect at the global level. Each individual should
change his or her lifestyle in the following ways so as to reduce environmental
pollution:
a) Cut down the use of chlorofluorocarbons as they destroy the ozone layer . Do not
use polystyrene cups that have chlorofluorocarbons molecules in them which
destroy ozone layer.
b) Use the chemicals derived from peaches and plums to clean computer chips and
circuit boards instead of CFC’s.
c) Help more in pollution prevention than in pollution control.
d) Use CFC’s free refrigerators.
e) Air pollution can be reduced by using really clean fuel ie hydrogen fuel . So solar
powered hydrogen fuel is the need of the hour.

22. 1) Reduce our dependency on fossil fuels especially coal or oil.
2) Adopt and popularize renewable energy sources.
3) Use rechargeable batteries. As they will reduce metal
pollution.
4) Use organic manure instead of commercial inorganic
fertilizers.
5) Use only the minimum required amount of water for various
activities. This will prevent fresh water from pollution.
6) Plant more trees , as trees can absorb many toxic gases and
can purify the air by releasing oxygen.
7) Do not put pesticides , paints , solvents , oils or other harmful
chemicals into the drain or ground water.
8) Use mass transport system . For short – visits use bicycle or
go on foot . Decrease the use of automobiles.
There are plenty of responsibilities of the individual to do
to reduce the pollution and to save the society, some of
the responsibilities are mentioned in the below points .

23. CONCLUSION
There are a host of environmental problems caused by human actions on the environment .our personal actions can either
worsen or improve our environmental quality . This necessitates that individuals should not only be aware of various
environmental issues and the consequences of actions on the environment but should also make a firm resolve to develop
environmentally ethical lifestyle . We should not use the potentially renewable resources faster than they are replenished . The
problems are diverse and some are only being recognized but it is important to control over pollutants so that we can maintain
the environment in an acceptable condition for future generations. Sustaining a healthy economy also is critical to controlli ng
pollution and maintaining a clean and healthy environment.

24. HOPE YOU LIKE THE PRESENTATION