This document discusses the evolving role of the First Lady of the United States from the early 20th century to present day. It analyzes how societal norms and gender roles influenced the position over time. Key figures like Eleanor Roosevelt, Jacqueline Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Betty Ford, Rosalyn Carter, and Hillary Clinton helped expand the role from a non-essential hostess to an activist and political surrogate. The document traces this evolution and how modern First Ladies exemplified the movement toward gender equality and partnership in marriage.
The document provides historical context about women's roles and rights from the Revolutionary War period through the late 20th century, as well as the origins and evolution of the role of First Lady. It notes that following the Revolutionary War, married women had no legal rights or representation under the law. The term "First Lady" came into use in the 1840s to refer to the president's wife. Over time, First Ladies took on more public roles such as advocating for causes like temperance, women's suffrage, literacy, and health care reform. The document also discusses some of the hardships women faced in gaining access to education and how their historical contributions have often been overlooked.
The women's suffrage movement fought for over 70 years for women's right to vote. The movement began at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 where the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments called for equal rights and participation for women. Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, suffragists held large protests and parades demanding voting rights. Some suffragists were arrested and subjected to abuse while picketing the White House. By 1920, the 19th amendment was ratified, guaranteeing women the right to vote across the United States.
The document provides an overview of social history related to women and African Americans in the United States from the colonial period through the mid-20th century. It discusses the roles of women and treatment of slaves and African Americans over time, including changes post-Revolution, during Reconstruction, and through the Civil Rights movement. Key events and figures related to the fight for women's rights and racial equality are also mentioned.
The Women's Suffrage Movement began in 1848 at a tea party where Elizabeth Cady Stanton expressed her discontent with the fact that voting rights were limited only to white male property owners. This led to the first Women's Rights Convention being held in Seneca Falls, New York that same year. The movement faced significant backlash from newspapers and critics who felt women should not have the right to vote. Key figures like Susan B. Anthony and Sojourner Truth campaigned tirelessly over decades to raise awareness and support for women's suffrage, culminating in the passage and ratification of the 19th amendment in 1920, which guaranteed all American women the right to vote.
The women's suffrage movement in the United States achieved women's right to vote gradually from the late 19th century through the early 20th century at state and local levels. In the 19th century, the idea of women's right to vote was radical. The movement gained national organizations like NAWSA in the 1890s and grew into a mass movement in the 1910s, influenced by the more radical British suffragettes. The 20th century focused on passing a national amendment through NAWSA's campaigning, which was finally ratified in 1920.
The women's movement started in the late 18th century as women were excluded from the ideals of the Enlightenment and French Revolution. It grew out of abolitionism in the 19th century, advocating for women's suffrage, property rights, divorce rights, and education equality. The movement split over support for racial equality and the 15th amendment. It achieved some successes such as gaining property and custody rights as well as opportunities in teaching and medicine, but failed to gain voting rights for most women until the 19th amendment in 1920. The movement continued advocating for labor rights, birth control, and an end to discrimination.
The women's suffrage movement began in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention, where Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others called for women's right to vote. Early success occurred in western states like Wyoming in 1869 and Utah in 1870, perhaps due to alliances with labor unions and temperance movements.
Two major suffrage organizations emerged: the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), led by Carrie Chapman Catt, which took a more cooperative approach; and the militant National Woman's Party (NWP) that used hunger strikes to protest. The 19th Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote, was first introduced in Congress in 1878 but passage was accelerated by women's contributions to World War I
The document provides historical context about women's roles and rights from the Revolutionary War period through the late 20th century, as well as the origins and evolution of the role of First Lady. It notes that following the Revolutionary War, married women had no legal rights or representation under the law. The term "First Lady" came into use in the 1840s to refer to the president's wife. Over time, First Ladies took on more public roles such as advocating for causes like temperance, women's suffrage, literacy, and health care reform. The document also discusses some of the hardships women faced in gaining access to education and how their historical contributions have often been overlooked.
The women's suffrage movement fought for over 70 years for women's right to vote. The movement began at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 where the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments called for equal rights and participation for women. Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, suffragists held large protests and parades demanding voting rights. Some suffragists were arrested and subjected to abuse while picketing the White House. By 1920, the 19th amendment was ratified, guaranteeing women the right to vote across the United States.
The document provides an overview of social history related to women and African Americans in the United States from the colonial period through the mid-20th century. It discusses the roles of women and treatment of slaves and African Americans over time, including changes post-Revolution, during Reconstruction, and through the Civil Rights movement. Key events and figures related to the fight for women's rights and racial equality are also mentioned.
The Women's Suffrage Movement began in 1848 at a tea party where Elizabeth Cady Stanton expressed her discontent with the fact that voting rights were limited only to white male property owners. This led to the first Women's Rights Convention being held in Seneca Falls, New York that same year. The movement faced significant backlash from newspapers and critics who felt women should not have the right to vote. Key figures like Susan B. Anthony and Sojourner Truth campaigned tirelessly over decades to raise awareness and support for women's suffrage, culminating in the passage and ratification of the 19th amendment in 1920, which guaranteed all American women the right to vote.
The women's suffrage movement in the United States achieved women's right to vote gradually from the late 19th century through the early 20th century at state and local levels. In the 19th century, the idea of women's right to vote was radical. The movement gained national organizations like NAWSA in the 1890s and grew into a mass movement in the 1910s, influenced by the more radical British suffragettes. The 20th century focused on passing a national amendment through NAWSA's campaigning, which was finally ratified in 1920.
The women's movement started in the late 18th century as women were excluded from the ideals of the Enlightenment and French Revolution. It grew out of abolitionism in the 19th century, advocating for women's suffrage, property rights, divorce rights, and education equality. The movement split over support for racial equality and the 15th amendment. It achieved some successes such as gaining property and custody rights as well as opportunities in teaching and medicine, but failed to gain voting rights for most women until the 19th amendment in 1920. The movement continued advocating for labor rights, birth control, and an end to discrimination.
The women's suffrage movement began in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention, where Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others called for women's right to vote. Early success occurred in western states like Wyoming in 1869 and Utah in 1870, perhaps due to alliances with labor unions and temperance movements.
Two major suffrage organizations emerged: the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), led by Carrie Chapman Catt, which took a more cooperative approach; and the militant National Woman's Party (NWP) that used hunger strikes to protest. The 19th Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote, was first introduced in Congress in 1878 but passage was accelerated by women's contributions to World War I
The women's suffrage movement began in 1848 to fight for women's right to vote in the US. Key leaders included Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Sojourner Truth. They worked for over 70 years to change discriminatory laws and convince states to grant women the right to vote. Tennessee became the 36th state to approve the 19th amendment in 1920, ensuring women nationwide had equal voting rights.
The Daughters of Liberty were a group of women in the American colonies who supported independence from Britain during the Revolutionary War in various ways. They protested unfair taxes, boycotted British goods, substituted homemade items, and aided the war effort by sewing uniforms and melting metals for bullets. Notable Daughters of Liberty included Mercy Otis Warren, a historian and playwright who documented the Revolution, and Abigail Adams, who advocated for women's rights and education. Their efforts helped advance women's roles and fight for the patriot cause.
The document summarizes the history of the women's suffrage movement in the United States from the early 1800s until 1920 when the 19th Amendment was ratified, guaranteeing women's right to vote. Key figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Carrie Chapman Catt led the movement and helped form organizations like the National Woman Suffrage Association to campaign for voting rights. Their efforts faced strong opposition for decades, but some western states led the way in granting women suffrage. The movement gained momentum in the early 1900s until the 19th Amendment was finally passed in 1920.
The Suffragettes: Past and Present (2016)laurence raw
A presentation given at Hacettepe University, Department of English Language and Literature, Ankara on 8 March 2016. It looks at the origins of the Suffragette movement, and its potential "threat" to societal stability in the Edwardian era, as well as its role in helping bring about universal suffrage. The presentation ends with a short critique of the recent film SUFFRAGETTE (2015) in light of the historical evidence.
This document discusses the history of the women's suffrage movement in the United States. It highlights two influential figures, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone, who fought for women's rights including voting rights in the 19th century. Although the 14th and 15th Amendments granted rights to black men, women were still denied suffrage. Feminist organizations continued advocating and the 19th Amendment was finally passed in 1920, giving women the national right to vote.
In the late 19th century, the suffragette movement began in Britain to advocate for women's right to vote. Led by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) used increasingly militant tactics like vandalism and hunger strikes to gain attention for their cause after peaceful methods failed. Their actions raised public awareness of the movement, though some suffragettes like Emily Davidson gave their lives. By the time World War I began, public and political support had grown, and women were finally granted the right to vote in Britain in 1918.
The document discusses the history of the women's suffrage movement in the United States and other countries. It describes key organizations that promoted women's right to vote, such as the National American Woman Suffrage Association formed in 1890 in the US and the Women's Social and Political Union founded in 1903 in the UK. The 19th amendment was ratified in the US in 1920 guaranteeing women the right to vote, while other countries granted suffrage at different times throughout the early 20th century.
The American Woman Suffrage Movement spanned from 1848 to 1920 and sought to expand voting rights to women. It began at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 where women and men demanded equality and the right for women to vote. Over the following decades, suffragists advocated state-by-state for women's suffrage and pushed for a constitutional amendment, facing opposition from those who felt women were too emotional or fragile. By the early 1900s, more women were joining the cause. After suffragists engaged in more militant tactics, the 19th Amendment was passed in 1920, guaranteeing all American citizens the right to vote regardless of sex.
The document summarizes the history of women's suffrage movements in the United States, United Kingdom, and Spain. In the US, women like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for voting rights after the 15th Amendment granted black men the right to vote but not women. Their organizations helped secure women's suffrage with the 19th Amendment in 1920. In the UK, John Stuart Mill advocated for women's suffrage in Parliament in the 1860s, while organizations led by Millicent Garret Fawcett and Emmeline Pankhurst used various tactics from the late 1800s until women gained partial suffrage in 1918. In Spain, Clara Campoamor successfully advocated for women's suffrage
1) Support for Reconstruction and black rights declined in the North due to economic hard times, racism, and a desire to focus on other issues.
2) President Grant's scandals weakened support for Republicans as corruption charges emerged.
3) By the 1870s, the Republican party shifted from advocating for equality to protecting business interests, contributing to the end of Reconstruction.
Thomas Woodrow Wilson served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. He was a member of the Democratic Party and previously served as the President of Princeton University and Governor of New Jersey. As president, Wilson oversaw progressive domestic policies and led the country during World War I, establishing an activist foreign policy. He championed the creation of the League of Nations at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference but was unable to get the U.S. to join. Wilson was born in Virginia to a slaveholding family and received his PhD from Johns Hopkins University before entering politics.
The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote by prohibiting the denial of voting rights based on sex. It was officially ratified on August 18, 1920 after decades of campaigning by women's suffrage movements. Reformers in the 1960s continued fighting for women's rights, seeking equal pay, equal treatment under the law, and reproductive rights, with mixed results.
The document discusses several reform movements that occurred in the United States during the 1800s, including the women's rights movement, temperance movement, and abolitionist movement. The women's rights movement fought for more equal treatment of women, led by activists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. They organized a convention in 1848 to discuss issues of inequality between men and women. It took until 1920 for women to be granted the right to vote with the passage of the 19th Amendment, despite the efforts of early leaders like Anthony and Stanton. The temperance and abolitionist movements also pushed for social reforms around banning alcohol and ending slavery during this time period.
Coretta Scott King was born in 1927 in Alabama. She faced segregation growing up but excelled in school and college, earning degrees in music. She met Martin Luther King Jr. while studying in Boston and they married in 1953. They moved to Montgomery, Alabama where Martin became a pastor and Coretta supported the civil rights movement, giving speeches and organizing protests. After Martin's assassination in 1968, Coretta continued advocating for civil rights, peace, and other causes until her death in 2006.
Lecture 11ii american west & increasing conflicts over slaveryLACCD
This document summarizes the political conflicts over slavery in the United States between 1848-1860. It discusses the two political parties, the Whigs and Democrats, and their stances on slavery. It outlines the various compromises attempted, including the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. It also discusses the growing sectional divide, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, and concludes with Lincoln's election in 1860 triggering southern secession and the onset of the Civil War.
During Reconstruction, newly freed African Americans sought to reunite families separated by slavery and build new lives through education, employment, and participation in politics. Freedmen's schools educated over 150,000 students by 1869, though many southern whites opposed these schools. While some hoped the government would provide land, most freed people had to work through sharecropping systems or labor contracts that often led to debt. African Americans were actively involved in politics through the Republican party, holding hundreds of offices, though they faced growing violence from groups like the Ku Klux Klan seeking to suppress black rights and voting.
This document outlines 10 major events that shaped US history from Native Americans arriving until 1877. It focuses on Reconstruction from 1865 to 1877, when the federal government sought to rebuild the South and reintegrate it into the Union after the Civil War. Reconstruction had positive impacts like establishing new rights for freed slaves but faced resistance from Southern states regaining power. Ultimately, Reconstruction was ended in 1877 through a compromise that removed federal troops from the South.
The document summarizes several social reforms that emerged during the Second Great Awakening period from 1825 to 1850. It discusses the rise of evangelical Protestantism and expansion of religious revivals. It also outlines the growth of temperance, educational, penal, women's rights, and abolitionist reform movements. Many of these reforms aimed to apply Christian ideals of equality and justice more broadly in society, such as advocating for the end of slavery and increased rights for women.
The document discusses the history of the women's rights movement in the United States from the 1840s to the late 19th century. It highlights several key figures and events, including Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organizing the first women's rights convention in 1848, the divide in the abolitionist movement over women's rights, and Susan B. Anthony and Sojourner Truth being arrested for voting in 1872 as only men had the right at the time. The document also discusses the role of women's organizations in advocating for social reforms like temperance, suffrage, equal pay, and other issues.
The document summarizes the history of the feminist movement through its three waves. The first wave from the 18th to early 20th century fought for women's right to vote. The second wave from the 1960s to 1980s battled for social, cultural, and gender equality. The third wave from the 1990s to today responds to the failures of previous waves and campaigns for greater women's political influence. It then focuses on the Suffragettes movement in the UK led by Emmeline Pankhurst that used militant tactics like vandalism and hunger strikes to fight for women's suffrage, or right to vote.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design slideshows.
Olivet University is a private Christian university located in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1992 by Rev. Dr. David Jang and offers both undergraduate and graduate programs. The university aims to train men and women for Christian mission work through programs in theology, graphic design, journalism, translation, music, business, and information technology. It is accredited by the Association for Biblical Higher Education and currently has President Dr. Tracy J. Davis.
The women's suffrage movement began in 1848 to fight for women's right to vote in the US. Key leaders included Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Sojourner Truth. They worked for over 70 years to change discriminatory laws and convince states to grant women the right to vote. Tennessee became the 36th state to approve the 19th amendment in 1920, ensuring women nationwide had equal voting rights.
The Daughters of Liberty were a group of women in the American colonies who supported independence from Britain during the Revolutionary War in various ways. They protested unfair taxes, boycotted British goods, substituted homemade items, and aided the war effort by sewing uniforms and melting metals for bullets. Notable Daughters of Liberty included Mercy Otis Warren, a historian and playwright who documented the Revolution, and Abigail Adams, who advocated for women's rights and education. Their efforts helped advance women's roles and fight for the patriot cause.
The document summarizes the history of the women's suffrage movement in the United States from the early 1800s until 1920 when the 19th Amendment was ratified, guaranteeing women's right to vote. Key figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Carrie Chapman Catt led the movement and helped form organizations like the National Woman Suffrage Association to campaign for voting rights. Their efforts faced strong opposition for decades, but some western states led the way in granting women suffrage. The movement gained momentum in the early 1900s until the 19th Amendment was finally passed in 1920.
The Suffragettes: Past and Present (2016)laurence raw
A presentation given at Hacettepe University, Department of English Language and Literature, Ankara on 8 March 2016. It looks at the origins of the Suffragette movement, and its potential "threat" to societal stability in the Edwardian era, as well as its role in helping bring about universal suffrage. The presentation ends with a short critique of the recent film SUFFRAGETTE (2015) in light of the historical evidence.
This document discusses the history of the women's suffrage movement in the United States. It highlights two influential figures, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone, who fought for women's rights including voting rights in the 19th century. Although the 14th and 15th Amendments granted rights to black men, women were still denied suffrage. Feminist organizations continued advocating and the 19th Amendment was finally passed in 1920, giving women the national right to vote.
In the late 19th century, the suffragette movement began in Britain to advocate for women's right to vote. Led by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) used increasingly militant tactics like vandalism and hunger strikes to gain attention for their cause after peaceful methods failed. Their actions raised public awareness of the movement, though some suffragettes like Emily Davidson gave their lives. By the time World War I began, public and political support had grown, and women were finally granted the right to vote in Britain in 1918.
The document discusses the history of the women's suffrage movement in the United States and other countries. It describes key organizations that promoted women's right to vote, such as the National American Woman Suffrage Association formed in 1890 in the US and the Women's Social and Political Union founded in 1903 in the UK. The 19th amendment was ratified in the US in 1920 guaranteeing women the right to vote, while other countries granted suffrage at different times throughout the early 20th century.
The American Woman Suffrage Movement spanned from 1848 to 1920 and sought to expand voting rights to women. It began at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 where women and men demanded equality and the right for women to vote. Over the following decades, suffragists advocated state-by-state for women's suffrage and pushed for a constitutional amendment, facing opposition from those who felt women were too emotional or fragile. By the early 1900s, more women were joining the cause. After suffragists engaged in more militant tactics, the 19th Amendment was passed in 1920, guaranteeing all American citizens the right to vote regardless of sex.
The document summarizes the history of women's suffrage movements in the United States, United Kingdom, and Spain. In the US, women like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for voting rights after the 15th Amendment granted black men the right to vote but not women. Their organizations helped secure women's suffrage with the 19th Amendment in 1920. In the UK, John Stuart Mill advocated for women's suffrage in Parliament in the 1860s, while organizations led by Millicent Garret Fawcett and Emmeline Pankhurst used various tactics from the late 1800s until women gained partial suffrage in 1918. In Spain, Clara Campoamor successfully advocated for women's suffrage
1) Support for Reconstruction and black rights declined in the North due to economic hard times, racism, and a desire to focus on other issues.
2) President Grant's scandals weakened support for Republicans as corruption charges emerged.
3) By the 1870s, the Republican party shifted from advocating for equality to protecting business interests, contributing to the end of Reconstruction.
Thomas Woodrow Wilson served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. He was a member of the Democratic Party and previously served as the President of Princeton University and Governor of New Jersey. As president, Wilson oversaw progressive domestic policies and led the country during World War I, establishing an activist foreign policy. He championed the creation of the League of Nations at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference but was unable to get the U.S. to join. Wilson was born in Virginia to a slaveholding family and received his PhD from Johns Hopkins University before entering politics.
The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote by prohibiting the denial of voting rights based on sex. It was officially ratified on August 18, 1920 after decades of campaigning by women's suffrage movements. Reformers in the 1960s continued fighting for women's rights, seeking equal pay, equal treatment under the law, and reproductive rights, with mixed results.
The document discusses several reform movements that occurred in the United States during the 1800s, including the women's rights movement, temperance movement, and abolitionist movement. The women's rights movement fought for more equal treatment of women, led by activists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. They organized a convention in 1848 to discuss issues of inequality between men and women. It took until 1920 for women to be granted the right to vote with the passage of the 19th Amendment, despite the efforts of early leaders like Anthony and Stanton. The temperance and abolitionist movements also pushed for social reforms around banning alcohol and ending slavery during this time period.
Coretta Scott King was born in 1927 in Alabama. She faced segregation growing up but excelled in school and college, earning degrees in music. She met Martin Luther King Jr. while studying in Boston and they married in 1953. They moved to Montgomery, Alabama where Martin became a pastor and Coretta supported the civil rights movement, giving speeches and organizing protests. After Martin's assassination in 1968, Coretta continued advocating for civil rights, peace, and other causes until her death in 2006.
Lecture 11ii american west & increasing conflicts over slaveryLACCD
This document summarizes the political conflicts over slavery in the United States between 1848-1860. It discusses the two political parties, the Whigs and Democrats, and their stances on slavery. It outlines the various compromises attempted, including the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. It also discusses the growing sectional divide, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, and concludes with Lincoln's election in 1860 triggering southern secession and the onset of the Civil War.
During Reconstruction, newly freed African Americans sought to reunite families separated by slavery and build new lives through education, employment, and participation in politics. Freedmen's schools educated over 150,000 students by 1869, though many southern whites opposed these schools. While some hoped the government would provide land, most freed people had to work through sharecropping systems or labor contracts that often led to debt. African Americans were actively involved in politics through the Republican party, holding hundreds of offices, though they faced growing violence from groups like the Ku Klux Klan seeking to suppress black rights and voting.
This document outlines 10 major events that shaped US history from Native Americans arriving until 1877. It focuses on Reconstruction from 1865 to 1877, when the federal government sought to rebuild the South and reintegrate it into the Union after the Civil War. Reconstruction had positive impacts like establishing new rights for freed slaves but faced resistance from Southern states regaining power. Ultimately, Reconstruction was ended in 1877 through a compromise that removed federal troops from the South.
The document summarizes several social reforms that emerged during the Second Great Awakening period from 1825 to 1850. It discusses the rise of evangelical Protestantism and expansion of religious revivals. It also outlines the growth of temperance, educational, penal, women's rights, and abolitionist reform movements. Many of these reforms aimed to apply Christian ideals of equality and justice more broadly in society, such as advocating for the end of slavery and increased rights for women.
The document discusses the history of the women's rights movement in the United States from the 1840s to the late 19th century. It highlights several key figures and events, including Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organizing the first women's rights convention in 1848, the divide in the abolitionist movement over women's rights, and Susan B. Anthony and Sojourner Truth being arrested for voting in 1872 as only men had the right at the time. The document also discusses the role of women's organizations in advocating for social reforms like temperance, suffrage, equal pay, and other issues.
The document summarizes the history of the feminist movement through its three waves. The first wave from the 18th to early 20th century fought for women's right to vote. The second wave from the 1960s to 1980s battled for social, cultural, and gender equality. The third wave from the 1990s to today responds to the failures of previous waves and campaigns for greater women's political influence. It then focuses on the Suffragettes movement in the UK led by Emmeline Pankhurst that used militant tactics like vandalism and hunger strikes to fight for women's suffrage, or right to vote.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design slideshows.
Olivet University is a private Christian university located in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1992 by Rev. Dr. David Jang and offers both undergraduate and graduate programs. The university aims to train men and women for Christian mission work through programs in theology, graphic design, journalism, translation, music, business, and information technology. It is accredited by the Association for Biblical Higher Education and currently has President Dr. Tracy J. Davis.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design slideshows.
1CALLFix provides all types of Trusted Home Repair & Maintenance Services like Plumbing, Carpentry, Electrical, AC Repair and Computer Services on a click or call. www.1CALLFix.com
Este documento describe las ventajas y desventajas de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el turismo. Entre las ventajas se encuentran que las TIC brindan beneficios como facilitar la educación y el aprendizaje a distancia, apoyar a las pequeñas y medianas empresas, y dar acceso a información. Sin embargo, las desventajas incluyen que las TIC pueden ampliar la brecha digital entre ricos y pobres al no estar distribuidas de manera equitativa, y también pueden conllevar falta
Dreaming of the perfectly planned vacation? Look no further than a Globus tour. Where to go, where to stay, what to see, how to get around — we take care of all the logistics for you. http://www.globus.com.au/
This document provides information about and photographs from the Desert Dragons unit stationed at Taif Air Base in Saudi Arabia from 1993-1994. It describes their missions conducting air reconnaissance of Iraq and Somalia, and notes special sensitive operations. Photographs show the housing compound with 58 trailers, gym, pool, dining hall, and scenes of the unit conducting operations and recreation.
From Hostess to Political Surrogate: The Evolving Role of the First Lady of t...Allison Levin
Today campaigning for the President of United States involves more than just the personality and politics of the candidate and the candidate’s likely choice for Vice President. It is common for the wives of the presidential and vice presidential candidates to hit the campaign trail alone. Much like the Vice President they can answer questions and say things the presidential candidate cannot and they are also expected to explain their own agendas for projects they will advocate while in the White House. In addition, it is now commonplace for the wives to speak at the nominating conventions and at victory parties. In every presidential election since Franklin Roosevelt’s first victory, the public’s interest in the lives of the First Lady has grown along with changes in society.
This talk will examine the history of the First Lady’s role from a non-constitutional, non-formal, and unpaid position that was to be held by any woman chosen by the President who exhibited excellent skills as a social hostess to a job defined by the Supreme Court as being equivalent to any other cabinet position appointed by the President. We begin by examining the first usage of the term First Lady in 1849 and then discuss how each First Lady from Eleanor Roosevelt to Michelle Obama has changed the model of what the First Lady does. We end with an open discussion of how the role of the First Lady may be irrevocably altered following the 2016 Presidential election.
This document summarizes the challenges and accomplishments of six pioneering women in politics and entertainment. Victoria Woodhull was the first woman to run for U.S. President in 1870. Clara Foltz overcame barriers to become the first female lawyer on the West Coast. Margaret "Unsinkable Molly" Brown advocated for women's rights and helped Titanic survivors. Marian Anderson broke racial barriers as the first African American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera. Shirley Temple was a renowned child star during the Great Depression and later served as an ambassador. These women all helped challenge social and political limitations facing women and minorities in their respective eras.
The Christian Right has influenced the modern Republican Party since the 1960s. It originated as a "Southern Backlash" against Lyndon Johnson's support for civil rights, which caused conservative Southern Democrats to shift to the Republican Party. In the 1970s and 80s, the movement grew with the emergence of politically active evangelical preachers. Ronald Reagan successfully appealed to the Christian Right in 1980, reflecting their new influence over the Republican Party. However, the Christian Right lacks clear leadership and has failed to achieve some of its key policy goals, like overturning Roe v. Wade, despite Republican control of the presidency and Supreme Court.
The document discusses the leadership styles of three influential women during the New Deal era:
1) Frances Perkins focused on developing and implementing complex labor legislation as the first female Cabinet member, keeping her personal life private.
2) Rose Schneiderman was a fiery union organizer who believed unions were critical to enforcing labor laws and improving workers' lives beyond just wages.
3) Eleanor Roosevelt educated the public about New Deal policies through her newspaper column and UN work, gaining trust while using different tools than Perkins and Schneiderman. Though their approaches differed, the three women remained lifelong friends and powerful forces for workers' rights.
Eleanor Roosevelt was a union member and influential leader who helped establish key worker protections and human rights. She worked with labor leaders to include the right to unionize in the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights. While initially declining a role at the UN due to lack of experience, she became a highly effective diplomat. The document discusses ER's leadership skills in overcoming fears and working with diverse groups to advance workers' rights.
This document provides a detailed biography of Hillary Clinton, covering her career and positions held. It can be summarized as follows:
Hillary Clinton has had a lengthy career in public service, holding the positions of First Lady of Arkansas and the United States, United States Senator from New York, United States Secretary of State, and was the first woman to be nominated for President by a major U.S. political party. The document outlines her education, marriage to Bill Clinton, work as an attorney, and accomplishments and initiatives in each of her public roles over several decades.
History Engine 2.0: Researching Locally, Collaborating GloballyNITLE
Robert Nelson, Director, Digital Scholarship Lab, University of Richmond, and Christine Berkowitz, Lecturer, University of Toronto Scarborough
The History Engine is a pedagogically oriented project that collects “episodes”—concise vignettes about local historical events—written by undergraduate students. This presentation will highlight how this project uses digital technologies to foster collaboration among students within and between different universities, fosters inter-institutional collaboration among the many colleges that have participated in the project, and publishes student scholarship that is of interest and value to a broad public.
The document summarizes six influential women from the past century: Mother Teresa, Sarah Palin, Hillary Clinton, Rosa Parks, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Condoleezza Rice. It discusses their contributions and influence in various fields such as politics, civil rights, and charity work. While Sarah Palin faced some criticism for challenging traditional gender roles, the document argues that women today can and should be able to take on leadership positions without scrutiny.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a prominent American feminist writer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She is best known for her 1892 short story "The Yellow Wallpaper". Gilman was a prolific writer who published fiction, non-fiction, and poetry addressing women's social and economic issues. Her most influential work was Women and Economics, which argued that women's economic dependence on men prevented their intellectual growth and that social environment, not biology, determined gender roles. Gilman spent her life advocating for women's liberation from the domestic sphere and social subordination through initiatives like professional housework and childcare services.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a prominent American feminist writer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She is best known for her 1892 short story "The Yellow Wallpaper". Gilman was a prolific writer who published fiction, non-fiction, and poetry addressing women's social and economic issues. Her most influential work was Women and Economics, which argued that women's economic dependence on men prevented their intellectual growth and that social environment, not biology, determined gender roles. Gilman spent her life advocating for women's liberation from the domestic sphere and social subordination through initiatives like professional housework and childcare services.
The women's rights movement developed due to growing dissatisfaction among women with traditional gender roles following World War 2. During the war, many women had taken on jobs formerly restricted to men, giving them a taste of independence. However, postwar society encouraged women to return to being homemakers. Over time, factors like higher education rates, more women in the workforce, and new social movements empowered women to demand equal rights and challenge societal expectations. Influential figures like Eleanor Roosevelt and Betty Friedan played key roles in advocating for women's issues and establishing organizations like NOW to advance women's civil rights.
Here you will find;
Feminism and Three-Waves
Background
Work and Women
First Wave
Second Wave
Third Wave
Feminism and Modern World
Conclusion
Radical feminism thought was described as the concern with sex equality and the advancement of equal treatment for people, the introduction of these concerns through hypothesis or practice, and the idea that people are valued more for their contributions to society than for their natural or sexual attributes or occupations.
Women have made significant progress in gaining leadership roles over the past centuries. During World War I and II, women took on important jobs in factories and medical fields while the men were away, demonstrating their abilities outside the home. Since then, women like Emmeline Pankhurst, Hillary Clinton, Rosa Parks, Benazir Bhutto, and Margaret Chase Smith have broken barriers as leaders in politics, civil rights, and government. They have expanded opportunities for women and shown that women can excel at the highest levels.
Elshtain discusses how political scientists in the 1960s commonly held the view that religion and nationalism would decline with modernization and secularization, a hypothesis that failed to predict the enduring role of religion. She critiques the reduction of human motivation to narrow self-interest, arguing mainstream political science missed the importance of religious experience. Elshtain examines how religion intertwined with major social movements in American history, from the American Revolution to the civil rights movement, and how the U.S. came to be seen as
The document discusses several women including Eleanor Roosevelt, Mia Hamm, Harriet Tubman, Rosa Parks, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver who went against traditional ideals of "true womanhood" from their time periods by being independent, educated, pursuing their dreams outside the home, and fighting for social change and equality. These women broke barriers and are still recognized today for their accomplishments.
The document discusses the history and status of women in Canadian politics. It notes that Canada ranks poorly for percentage of political positions held by women. It then profiles several influential past and present female politicians in Canada, including Nellie McClung, Agnes Macphail, Thérèse Casgrain, Kim Campbell, Belinda Stronach, Elizabeth May, and Anita Neville, who helped advance women's representation and rights over time. However, more progress is still needed as no major political party in Canada has yet achieved gender parity.
The document discusses the history and status of women in Canadian politics. It notes that Canada ranks poorly for percentage of political positions held by women. It then profiles several influential past and present female politicians in Canada, including Nellie McClung, Agnes Macphail, Thérèse Casgrain, Kim Campbell, Belinda Stronach, Elizabeth May, and Anita Neville, who helped advance women's representation and rights over time. However, more progress is still needed as no major political party in Canada has yet achieved gender parity.
National Women's History Museum is pleased to present a new mini exhibit featuring a few of the women who have run for president.
Aspiring to be president is symbolic of a country that believes in equality of opportunity and achievement. And that is why women began running for president long before women were allowed to vote. Many women have run since the first woman declared herself in 1884. Each has paved the way for the next, irrespective of party or platform. These are a few. Though they may have been the first to announce, to campaign, to raise money, or to win a primary, they will not be the last.
Similar to Evolution of the First Lady Presentation (18)
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This document discusses various approaches to analyzing media coverage of domestic violence issues, including:
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This document discusses the history and modern use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in baseball. It summarizes the 2013 PED crisis where 20 players were suspended, including Ryan Braun with a 100 game suspension and Alex Rodriguez with 211 games. Social media plays a key role, putting pressure on teams and players to respond quickly online. The document analyzes Braun and Rodriguez's different social media strategies after their suspensions and how some players were accepted back while A-Rod continues facing backlash.
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An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
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Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
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1. Allison R Levin
MA, JD
FROM HOSTESS TO
POLITICAL SURROGATE:
THE EVOLVING ROLE OF
THE FIRST LADY OF THE
UNITED STATES
2. Understand how the role of the first lady has evolved using
Discourse Tracing
Evaluate how societal norms and changing gender roles were
related to and interacted with the changing norms of the job
Start with Eleanor Roosevelt which marks the beginning of the
evolution of the role of first lady
Prior to 1933 first lady was non-essential
From this uninspiring beginning modern first ladies developed their
role in society
Discourse Tracing allowed an understanding of how first
ladies reflect societal concepts about family, motherhood and
femininity
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
3. Began to push the job forward as cultural norms of femininity
were changing
Worked under rubric of social housekeeping
During this period the first ladies helped show American
women how they could participate in the political sphere while
still meeting societal norms of being a good spouse and
homemaker
Early modern first ladies helped transform the role from
mother of the country to an activist voice of national
consequence
Three first ladies stand out in influencing change: Eleanor
Roosevelt, Jacqueline Kennedy and Lady Bird Johnson
EARLY MODERN FIRST LADIES (1933-
1968)
5. Came of age during the progressive movement
Like many women of the period she became even more active
during WWI
As first lady she continued with her prior activism but only
focused on projects that could help her husband
Met societal norms by participating in the political sphere while still
being a good spouse and homemaker
The progressive movement values are seen through two major
changes she made to the position of the first lady
Hold regular press conference
Inviting non-traditional groups to the White House
She did not break with traditional wifely duties
Explained her job as selling her husband’s ideas to the people
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
7. Straddled the period between progressivism and feminism
Used her education and background to actively help her
husband
Kennedy and Camelot became symbols of a refined way of life
She represented what the American housewife of the early
60s wanted to be: young, beautiful and glamorous with two
model children and a doting husband
She spoke up for what she wanted but had no interest in
politics
Brought the first lady into the culture of the world
From this point forward first lady fashion and appearances where
part of the cultural lexicon
JACQUELINE KENNEDY
9. Despite her appearance of independence she was still a
product of an era where women needed the help of men to
succeed
Had a successful career outside of being first lady
Turned being a congressional wife into a full-time job calling
on contacts and politicking daily
Became the political first lady for Kennedy and ushered in a
new age of feminism where equality seemed possible for all
people
When first lady she ushered in a new age of activism through
her conversation program
Not content to sit on sidelines
When bill passed, LBJ publically stated that she did all the work
LADY BIRD JOHNSON
10. This era coincides with the start of the sexual revolution,
women’s liberation and second-wave feminism
The women who became first ladies came to maturity during
the era of the equal rights amendment and sexual freedom
These women had careers prior to their husbands seeking
political office
It wasn’t until this time period that a job description for the
first lady was explored
Three women were influential in expanding the role of the
first lady by exemplifying the move towards gender equality
and marriage as a partnership: Betty Ford, Rosalyn Carter and
Hillary Clinton
MODERN FIRST LADIES (1968-1990)
12. Known for being outspoken and in tune with times
Embraced as a modern woman who insisted on speaking her mind
about the world she and everyone else was living in
Changed cultural norms by being the first lady to discuss her
health in a public speech and opening a dialogue about a
previously taboo topic
She stepped out from behind the President with her own
issues that were not part of the political agenda
Lobbied for controversial issues that were too politically
volatile to be discussed by the President
She refused to temper her opinions to placate the experts in her
husband’s office
BETTY FORD
14. While first lady of Georgia led the charge to reform mental
health institutions
When they entered the White House it was as equal partners
Rosalyn is considered the first first lady to make a campaign
promise
Felt it was her duty to oversee the commission on Mental Health
when her husband issued an executive order to establish the
commission
The same day the Office of Legal Counsel issued a statement
forbidding Rosalyn from serving as chair
Report concluded that first ladies have long been advocates of
Government programs in which they were interested without
assuming a political role
Ignored mandates and opened the door for a first lady who was a
political actor in her own right
ROSALYN CARTER
16. Bill spoke of her as political equal and once elected Hillary
had to find a place within the Clinton administration that fit
her political ambitions
She was appointed chair of the task force on health care and
asked to have a plan ready for Congress within the first 100
days
The task force met in private which lead to health care advocacy
groups to file suit
As the litigation dragged on throughout the bulk of the first term,
Hillary’s approval ratings plummeted and she removed herself from
politics until her senate run in 2000.
The decision which came out after she had removed herself from
politics changed the office of the first lady forever
Monica Lewinsky also showed how role had changed in public
eyes
HILLARY CLINTON
No official title or name– we refer to Martha Washington as a first lady, but in fact she was just a spouse…lady of the house--
Title did not evolve until mid 19th century…credited Zachary Taylor – at Dolly Madison’s funeral in his eulogy call her “truly our first lady for half a century”
Role of first lady is molded by society and her own beliefs
Continuing need to juggle homemaker with social activism
Social housekeeping Couched activism in the traditional role of first mother- concerned with heath and morality---nation’s children
Ladies work included charity- care for family and their larger community
Mobilizing through formal groups to challenge working conditions, unfair wages and societal injustices
At 18 active in Junior League- improve conditions of settlement houses and taught young girls
Active in consumer league working to improve conditions in sweatshops
WWI- volunteer work with Red Cross and Navy Relief society
Following war became involved in suffrage movement to get women involved in politics
Press conferences- first first lady to hold press conferences—only allowed female reporters to attend. Did so because news agencies had closed their doors to women. In addition had a daily newspaper column which lifted the curtain on the White House and spoke directly to women.
Invitations- not the job of first lady. Sought out young female students, women’s organization, etc.
The president and his advisors quickly learned that by letting her take the lead, he was protected politically
Did not create any new movements, she embraced movements in place and helped bring them to the common people.
Although much different than Eleanor Roosevelt and the the ladies who served in the interim, Jackie marks the next major change in the office of the first lady
Disinterested in politics she moved the role from supporter and activist (as established by Eleanor) to also be a part of the grand world scene
Attended the best schools as the progressive movement had sought. At George Washington University excelled in writing. After graduation, like many feminists who would follow her, Jackie sought a full time job. Wrote for Washington Times and began moving up corporate ladder.
Despite career success, she like many women of her generation was looking for a good husband.
In fact she quit her job the day after she got engaged.
Helped him with speech writing, public speaking and reforming his image and style to seem more likeable on television and in pictures
Even those with different political views followed the social life of the white house closely- she remodeled it into a modern fashionable residence- and created the guidebook to the White House that still helps fund the White House. Made the white house parties the place to be- all grew her reputation and her husbands in American and abroad
Lady Bird like Jackie grew up in the progressive movement, but she was extremely focused on her education. Sought best education available and went to UT-Austin because it was coeducation. She leaned more towards the second wave feminists that would follow, often chiding her friends who were in school for a Mrs. Degree.
Ran LBJs congressional office when he was serving in WWII. She did such a good job it was believed she could be elected over her husband
Inherited money and bought a radio station in Austin. Through her business acumen she became on the most powerful persons (male or female) in Austin owing singularly rather than jointly radio and television stations and land. The LBJ ranch- actually Lady Bird Johnson.
She controlled the families money and made most of the important monetary decisions
When Kennedy was running for President, she traveled more than 35,000 miles making solo appearances in 11 states. When Kennedy was fighting for Civil rights movement, she took a solo trip through the hotbeds of racism in her native south
Also called beautification program—seemed no different than other causes first ladies promoted- participated in legislative and lobbying strategy with White House staff- first first lady-
LBJ statement- signaled to America that the times where changing and women could achieve the same political achievements as men
Saw the role of wife differently than their predecessors- more families were dual-earners, women were taking career jobs, not just jobs until they were married
These independent women were pushing up against the societal norms of what a first lady was supposed to act and sound like—previous era opened the door to both the women being campaigners and politically active, but also being part of the media discussion
Credited with single-handedly transforming the country’s perception of what it meant to be the first lady of the US
Publically supported the equal rights amendments, women’s choice via abortion
In a 60 minutes interview she showed how in tune she was with the times (and caused controversy) when she stated that she expected her children to have premarital sex and if she was younger she would try marijuana.
ERA and Roe v. Wade
She sent the message to the nation that she had her own beliefs not just those of her husband- and the nation responded favorably. Still seen in first ladies, most notably Laura Bush.
In Sept 74 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and had a mastectomy. U[p into this time, first lady health information was not publically available and no fist lady had ever spoken about her health in a public speech. Immediately after surgery she released a statement detailing her illness, the surgery and her plan for treatment.
She was embraced by feminists for taking a lead on social change, but respected by society as a whole for being honest. By coming out with her diagnosis, opening a dialogue and encouraging women to take control by being tested, it is estimated that millions of women took control of their own sexual and reproductive health and got exams.
Her outspoken nature pushed up against and expanded the prior norms of how to act as first lady.
Following her term it was expected of first ladies to have a cause and a mind of their own.
Less liberal than Betty Ford in many respects, she was raised to speech her mind. She was always an equal partner in her marriage and from the time they got married ran the financial side of their peanut business
Believed strongly in family activism and they pursued politics together.
This success is considered the greatest legacy from his term as governor. He never minded telling everyone that the accomplishment wall all Rosalyn’s
Their marriage was in line with modern views of marriage. Jimmy referred to his wife as his partner
Coming off her huge victory in GA- while campaigning she promised to evaluate and reform America’s mental heath institutions
OLC- grounds cited were nepotism. The ruling stated that the commission needed detachment from the President. They said that she should have no formal authority of duties. So although the President and those that elected him supported her campaign promise, the government was not ready to have a first lady with so much political power.
It was suggested she take a honorary title and she accepted because of her promise to the people.
Although it was seen as behind the times, the ruling is actually the first formal statement about the role of the first lady and as such, is historic.
Rosalyn still made appointments, presided over meetings, lobbied throughout congress and testified before the Labor and Human Relations Committee. Through her “informal” role she was recognized as being the force behind the bill passing
Hillary was the first baby boomer first lady. She had been at Wellesy at the height of the civil rights movement, was a dedicated feminist and had her own career which kept as Bill moved up in Arkansas politics. She kept it until Bill became governor in 1978 and it was deemed a conflict of interest for her to continue practicing law.
She made it clear that she could never be a housewife, so Bill appointed her to chair the Arkansas Rural Health Advisory Committee and President Carter appointed her to the Federal Legal services Corporation.
Although Bill and she were happy about her ability to juggle her political obligations, her role as mother and her duties as first wife of Arkansas, when Bill was not reelected, the blame was placed on Hillary. His constituents were suspicious of her independence and her openly liberal views– Clinton seen as moderate. It was also pointed out that she had never taken his name and went by Hillary Rodham.
When Bill ran again for reelection, Hillary quietly changed her name and vowed to take a traditional spousal role. However once he was reelected governor Bill put her in charge of the education reform task force. Once again putting her at odds with his moderate and conservative constituents…however Bill’s overwhelming popularity rating allowed the move without further discussion
Hillary and Bill campaigned together as “Buy one, get one free” despite warnings from democrats and republicans alike that America had just accepted an equal partnership and was not ready for a political partnership
She began by legitimizing the office. Moved it into the West Wing with an office above the Oval Office. Hired a large staff. Insisted that she was fully integrated into the Presidential staff. Her chief of staff was named an assistant to the President and attended daily staff meetings.
Despite warnings that she needed to be conscious of how she was perceived as a wife, mother and mother of the country, she never quite grasped these various roles during her first term
When accepted appointment, the press and public reacted badly. By not first establishing herself as a first lady – White house hostess- she was not seen as being serious about her role for the country, but only her political ambitions.
The legal ruling formally identified the first lady as a political actor. The majority opinion identified her as a de facto federal official and stated that the first lady was a legitimate and formally defined post with the White House. The ruling made it clear that the first lady could accept any political appointment she was offered. Despite this huge victory for the first lady the ruling has never been taken advantage of.
Hillary during her second and Laura Bush and Michelle Obama still face the Hillary backlash and have reverted to a more traditional first lady role Educated career women with independent opinions. A cause that helps their husband. Political advocate. Saying and doing what the President can’t do—shield.
Hillary stood by Bill and actively fought against his impeachment claiming it was a personal matter and did not effect the country. She also did what he could not do, and went on the campaign trail for democrats during the midterm elections. The backlash she faced for standing by Bill showed how much the office and societal norms had changed, because there is a long history of Presidents having acknowledged or suspected paramours and there had never previously been repercussions for the first lady.
Part of the reason Laura and Michelle are the first first ladies to not take full advantage of the new advancements in the office of the first lady is Hillary herself. While they kept the office, staff and integration with the Presidents office, both parties were cautious of the “Hillary effect” Things may have been different had she just finished out her second term quietly, but before Bill was even out of office, she announced that she was running for a senate seat because “he couldn’t run for a third term and it was her turn.” Americans of both parties believed that she never intended to act as first lady but used her marriage (and stood by Bill) solely to use him to advance her political career.
As a result, Laura and Michelle’s educational and profession accomplishments were downplayed –despite the fact that they are articulate and capable of professional achievements, the rhetoric has changed from them being political partner or closest advisors to supportive wife.
It is clear that America was not ready for Hillary in 1992 as she was too far ahead of societal and cultural norms. Looking at 2016 it seems clear that a woman will likely run for President…political pundits believe the country is ready given the discord among moderate republicans and the more conservative republicans over women’s rights (and the removal of rights) that the female voted may swing democrat allowing a strong woman to become President. Obviously all eyes are on Hillary. If she does win, not only is she the first female president, but Bill, a former President who is still one of the most popular presidents ever, will become First Lady.
It seems likely that he would be active in her administration, likely taking advantage of the court ruling made about Hillary and accepting an appointment.
The question remains, will advances made by a first mate change the culture of the office of first lady in the way that the women discussed did? It seems unlikely due to his unique characteristics as President as well as the fact that he is a man who is expected to lead.