Eleanor Roosevelt was a union member and influential leader who helped establish key worker protections and human rights. She worked with labor leaders to include the right to unionize in the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights. While initially declining a role at the UN due to lack of experience, she became a highly effective diplomat. The document discusses ER's leadership skills in overcoming fears and working with diverse groups to advance workers' rights.
Detecting and Defeating Stereotypes of Asian Women in Western FilmKarla Bohaty
For my proposed project to the Asian and Asian American Studies Department at Stony Brook University. It will be on display at the Wang Center starting April 16, 2016.
Detecting and Defeating Stereotypes of Asian Women in Western FilmKarla Bohaty
For my proposed project to the Asian and Asian American Studies Department at Stony Brook University. It will be on display at the Wang Center starting April 16, 2016.
Judge the JudgeOut of the 13 pick THREE you believ.docxLaticiaGrissomzz
Judge the Judge
Out of the 13 pick
THREE you believe are the
worse judges and
explain why
1. 1920s James Reynolds SCOTUS
2. 1991 Thomas J. Mahoney 1977-1991 71 F3rd 645 1995
3. 2009 Samuel Kent US District Court 2001-2007
4. 2009 Thomas Spargo Albany, NY
5. 2010 Huang Songyo China
6. 2011 Carol Feinman Brooklyn, NY
7. 2011 Paul Hawkes 1st District Court Florida
8.
2011 Donald Thompson Creek County, Oklahoma
9. 2011 Michael Conahan Pennsylvania 1994-2007
10. 2011 Mark Ciavarella Pennsylvania
11. 2014 Kimberly Brown Marion, Indiana
12. 2015 Jerri Collins Seminole County Court, Florida
13. 2015 Lisa Gorcyca Oaklan County, Michigan
Edna St. Vincent Millay Discussion
As always, bonus points may be given for commenting thoughtfully on the posts of your classmates.
AUSTIN’S POSTS:
1. In “Spring,” Edna St. Vincent Millay examines the triviality of spring. Obviously dealing with a crisis of life’s meaninglessness, Millay seems resentful of spring’s surface-level mask of beauty. Millay realizes the pain life brings with it, and she says “beauty is not enough” (Millay). Deeply affected by the mundanity of life and the inevitability of death, Millay is no longer comforted by the temporary pleasantries spring brings with it. Millay writes “It is not enough that yearly, down this hill, / April / Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers” (Millay). Millay’s personification of the season and of her crippling depression allow the reader a glimpse into the mind of a troubled woman who is unimpressed by life and its possibilities.
2. In “What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why,” Edna St. Millay reflects on the lovers that have come and gone in her life. Millay implies that she has had many lovers throughout her life, and she is unable to remember a majority of them. She is now lonely, and writes “I only know that summer sang in me / A little while, that in me sings no more” (Millay). Having multiple partners and no spouse is historically frowned upon. Janie from Zora Neale Hurston’s
Their Eyes Were Watching God was harassed by other women just for moving on from her dead husband. When she returns to town after Tea Cake’s death, she is ridiculed for being in a relationship with a younger man. Millay seems unaffected by the opinion of others. Millay implies that she misses her short, sweet, physical relationships with men.
Dorothy Parker Discussion
As always, bonus points may be given to students who comment thoughtfully on the posts of their classmates.
AUSTIN’S POST:
2. In “A Certain Lady,” Dorothy Parker subverts male expectations of women and shows depth beneath the demure veil of compliance men see on the surface. Parker empowers women to manipulate men as they themselves have been manipulated historically. She details a woman’s ability to keep her emotions under control and to proceed through a relationship with calculated effici.
Chapter 12 ReflectionCharles Grandison Finney – an evangelistic .docxcravennichole326
Chapter 12 Reflection
Charles Grandison Finney – an evangelistic Presbyterian minister who became the most influential revival leader of the 1820s and 1830s.
Frederick Douglass – the greatest African American of all – and one of the most electrifying orators of his time, black or white – was Frederick Douglass. Born a slave in Maryland, Douglass escaped to Massachusetts in 1838, became an outspoken leader of anti-slavery sentiment. On his return to the United States in 1847, Douglass purchased his freedom from his Maryland owner and founded an antislavery newspaper, the North Star, in Rochester, New York. Douglass demanded for African Americans not only freedom but full social and economic social equality as well.
Henry David Thoreau – leading Concord transcendentalist. Thoreau went even further in repudiating the repressive forces of society. He produced the ideas that individuals should work for self-realization by resisting pressures to conform to society’s expectations and responding instead to their instincts. Thoreau’s own efforts to free himself – immortalized in is most famous book, Walden – led him to build a small cabin in the Concord woods on the edge of Walden Pond, where he lived alone for two years as simply as he could.
Horace Mann – the greatest of educational reformers was Horace Mann, the first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, which was established in 1837. To Mann, education was the only way to “counterwork this tendency to the domination of capital and the servility of labor.” He reorganized the Massachusetts school system, lengthened the academic year (to six months, doubled teachers’ salaries, enriched the curriculum, and introduced new methods of professional training for teachers.
Joseph Smith - Mormonism began in upstate New York as a result of the efforts of Joseph Smith, a young, energetic, but economically unsuccessful man, who had spent most oh his twenty-four years moving restlessly through New England and the Northeast. In 1830, he published the Book of Mormon that told a story of an ancient and successful civilization in America, peopled by one of the lost tribes of Israel who had found their way to the New World centuries before Columbus.
Shakers – made a redefinition of traditional sexuality and gender roles central to their society and even embraced the idea of a God who was not clearly male or female.
Transcendentalism - idealistic philosophical and social movement that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity.
Walt Whitman - the self-proclaimed poet of American democracy, was the son of a Lon Island carpenter and lived for many years roaming from place to place, doing odd jobs, while writing poetry. In his large body of poems, Whitman not only helped liberate verse from traditional, restrictive conventions but also helped express the soaring spirit of individualisms that characterized his age.
Ralph Waldo Emerson – a Unitarian minister in his youth, Emerson left the church i ...
A. Philip Randolph represented the perfect blend between the civil rights and labor communities. Randolph fully understood the struggle for human and civil rights should involve all of the tools and resources that we had at our disposal. Indeed, Mr. Randolph was the conscience of organized labor in that he sought to get the trade union movement to set its own house in order. He urged and challenged organized labor to join in the struggle of African Americans for freedom and equality. A. Philip Randolph helped to draft the “strongest statement of labor’s position on civil rights ever to come before a convention of the AFL-CIO.” Randolph, the labor leader and civil rights leader was also called a dreamer of dreams.
Running head ELLA BAKER1ELLA BAKER6Assignment 2.docxSUBHI7
Running head: ELLA BAKER
1
ELLA BAKER
6
Assignment 2: Course Project Milestone I: Ella Baker
Jalisa Mathis
AMH-2020
Ella Baker is a renowned social activist who has played a significant part in advocating for the civil liberties of women aside from the entrenched racial segregation. She is an African-America woman aged 65 years old, born from an immigrant family whose mother and father had been exiled to the United States to work in the European farms for measly wage to make a living and at times for no wage at all. Ella Baker grew up observing the sort of oppression that her parents were undergoing in the hands of the White settlers and by the time she completed her high school education, she had begun the struggles to unshackle her fellow Blacks from repressive acts that really undermined their human liberties as well as freedom (Hamilton, 2015). In the family circles, Ella Baker was a close confederate to her parents and passionately loved them. In fact, such was the primary impetuses that inspired her to emerge strongly in her endeavors to advocate for their discharge from the White subjugation. It is equally noteworthy to take cognizance that Ella Baker had only one sibling; born in Norfolk, Virginia, Baker was brought up in North Carolina countryside, a place she acquired a profound sense of self-worth (Levy, 2015). Her parents taught her to share the little they had their less fortunate fellow citizen; her grandmother taught her how to tolerate fierce whipping as opposed to consenting to be affianced to a man selected for her by her master. Exploiting her robust will as well as a knack for paying attention, Baker assisted native front-runners prudently articulate and implement targeted crusades against mob justice, also championing for job training for black educators to receive same pay. Baker also was similarly adroit at distinguishing good talent and assisted entice accomplished rank and file participants into taking management positions; among the members at one of her conventions was an NAACP participant from Montgomery, Alabama, known as Rosa Parks (Haydn, 2013).
She well along made efforts to guide the younger brother who assumed her role and become an active member in Martin Luther King’s organization by the name of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As aforementioned previously, Baker is a social activist and her favorite ways of passing time is assisting the less privileged. She has stood quite firm as a campaigner for the welfares and civil liberties of her fellow African Americans in the aspects affiliated to education and social freedom (Hamilton, 2013). She has articulated passionate liking for social and political freedom. She has, nonetheless, expressed devoted condemnation of any resolve that had any inkling towards depriving Blacks of their rights in the American society. In other words, Baker has been quite consistent to voice the plights of the African Americans on top of helping and supporting ...
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
1. Optional Small Group Discussions
(With questions and answer guides)
• Leadership: Different Decisions
• Leadership: Different Styles
• Organizing: Human Rights
2. 2
LEADERSHIP: DIFFERENT DECISIONS
The DAR: As First Lady of the United States, Eleanor Roosevelt thought carefully about her
membership in different organizations, often the base for coalitions working on important issues.
She posed the question “If you belong to an organization and disapprove of an action which is
typical of a policy, shall you resign or is it better to work for a changed point of view within the
organization?”
In 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow Marian Anderson,
the world-renowned opera singer, to perform at Constitution Hall because she was African
American. Roosevelt women had belonged to the DAR for generations and Eleanor Roosevelt
believed that you needed to work actively in organizations to which you belonged and try to
change policies with which you disagree. She was not an active member in the DAR, but she did
join many others in asking them to change the “whites only” policy. In this case, she told the
readers of her syndicated My Day column, without naming the organization, that “They have
taken an action which has been widely talked of in the press. To remain as a member implies
approval of that action, and therefore I am resigning.”
Arrangements were made for Marian Anderson to sing on Easter Sunday at the Lincoln
Memorial. 75,000 people gathered at the base of the memorial, stretching towards the
Washington Monument. She began her recital with the powerful words of “America” and closed
with the soulful “Nobody Knows the Trouble I’ve Seen.” The First Lady did not attend.
Questions for Discussion-DAR
1. What were the pros and cons of Eleanor Roosevelt’s decision to resign from the DAR?
2. Why do you think she didn’t name the organization or attend the concert?
3. Did such a decision take courage in Washington, DC, in 1939?
4. How do you think the public reacted?
The GUILD: Just over a year later, the CIO unions were directly affected by the international
crises as the world moved toward World War II. When the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
was signed in 1939, leaders of the Communist Party USA immediately reversed position and
strenuously opposed aid for Western allies. They were joined by the leaders of several unions,
3. 3
including the American Newspaper Guild, but strongly opposed by others. Westbrook Pegler,
one of the most influential columnists in the country, had begun a crusade against communism,
which he suspected had infiltrated the press and influenced the New Deal. The American
Newspaper Guild and Eleanor Roosevelt were two of his prime targets.
In August 1940, delegates to the Guild convention told ER that a small group from New
York City, with Communist Party connections, had dominated the meeting, forced through
resolutions, and blocked proposals to condemn communism. Some members publicly resigned,
but May Craig, a friend of ER’s and a Washington correspondent, counseled her not to quit, for
“That would ruin us and do no good. It would please the publishers who don’t want a Guild
anyway.” Pegler boldly asserted that the Guild was controlled by communists, that ER was
ineligible for membership because she was “a diarist and a dilettante” and her union allies were
“thugs.”
On September 25, 1940, ER attended her first meeting of the Guild. Arriving at the Hotel
Capitol, she showed her Guild card at the door and received a slip entitling her to vote. The most
controversial issue was the question of endorsing FDR’ bid for a third term. John F. Ryan, Guild
organizer, reported on the contentious CIO state convention in Rochester. A heated debate
ensued about the domestic and foreign policies of FDR, punctuated with charges and
countercharges of communism. In the final vote, ER was in the minority and a report critical of
the president was approved. She met with members afterwards until well past midnight.
After several more disagreements with the Guild, ER announced her support for a slate of
officers to oppose the board of the New York Guild. The left-wing incumbents won. That same
month, she attended her first meeting of the Washington Guild. With her “ivory knitting needles
clicking away” she listened to speeches and voted with the majority, passing Mary Craig’s
resolution “to denounce communism, fascism, and Nazism.”
Questions for Discussion-The Guild
1. What leadership skills did Eleanor Roosevelt use?
2. How was this situation different from Marian Anderson and the DAR?
3. Have you ever faced a situation in your union where you considered resigning? How did
you resolve the problem?
4. 4
ANSWER GUIDE
Questions for Discussion: DAR
1. What were the pros and cons of Eleanor Roosevelt’s decision to resign from the DAR?
Pro: ER brought national attention to the issue of race discrimination, strengthened her
allies, and showed her own personal power.
Con: ER lost influence within the organization, risked alienating some allies, and risked
her own political influence.
2. Why do you think she didn’t name the organization or attend the concert?
Her approach was understated and non-threatening which would appeal to many of her
readers and she did not want to take attention away from Anderson.
3. Did such a decision take courage in Washington, DC in 1939?
Yes, DC was a racially segregated city. During ER’s life-time she received death threats,
the Ku Klux Klan put a bounty on her head, a bomb exploded in a church where she was
speaking, and some newspapers cancelled her column because of her civil and labor
rights support.
4. How do you think the public reacted?
Positively, polls showed popular approval except in the south and she received more mail
supporting this action than anything else that year.
Questions for Discussion: THE GUILD
1. What leadership skills did Eleanor Roosevelt use?
Active participation, listening, compromise, risk taking.
2. How was this situation different from Marian Anderson and the DAR?
ER opposed communism, but defended others right to disagree. She believed strongly in
what the unions were trying to do and she found an alternative solution. She found no
justification or alternative for the racial segregation policy of the DAR.
3. Have you ever faced a situation in your union where you considered resigning? How did you
resolve the problem?
5. 5
LEADERSHIP: DIFFERENT STYLES
The New Deal was influenced by three powerful, but very different women who remained
friends throughout their long lives. Identify and discuss their complimentary leadership styles.
How were they similar and how did they differ?
Frances Perkins served as Secretary of Labor in the administration of President Franklin
D. Roosevelt for twelve years. She was the first woman to hold a cabinet position. A graduate
of Mt. Holyoke College, she turned to social work as a way to improve workers lives. Critical to
her leadership was witnessing the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire where 146 workers died, most of
them young immigrant women. She was a key player in establishing the Wagner Act, the Fair
Labor Standards Act, and the Social Security. Under her leadership many workers secured the
right to join a union and bargain collectively, to receive a minimum wage and maximum hours,
and to security in retirement. She developed legislation, negotiated with Congress, and
administered complex legislation in a growing bureaucracy. Married with an ill husband and one
daughter, Frances Perkins kept her personal life very private and had difficult relations with the
press in general.
Rose Schneiderman, president of the Women’s Trade Union League, served on
President Roosevelt’s Labor Advisory Board and later as New York State Secretary of Labor. A
young Jewish immigrant from Poland, she soon became a cap maker by trade and fiery union
organizer by vocation. After the Triangle Fire she scathingly told the social reformers “We have
tried you good people of the public and we have found you wanting.” She actively supported
women’s suffrage and ran for the U.S. Senate on the American Labor Party of New York State.
In 1922, she became a mentor to Eleanor Roosevelt teaching her, and then Franklin, about the
social unionism of the garment workers. They were concerned not only with the critical issues
of improving wages and working conditions, but also about the housing, health care, and cultural
life of the workers. Rose Scheiderman understood that the labor legislation would only be
effective if it was enforced on the shop floor. Unions and strong labor education programs were
critical to this effort. She fought for both supported by a close circle of women friends.
Eleanor Roosevelt was First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. To celebrate
the first anniversary of her syndicated My Day column in 1936, she proudly joined the American
Newspaper Guild, CIO, and was a member for over twenty-five years. She used her column as
6. 6
one of several tools to educate the general public about the policies and programs of the New
Deal, gaining their trust and support. After FDR’s death she became a delegate to the United
Nations where she led the effort to write the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. She
acknowledged Rose Schneiderman as her mentor and actively supported Frances Perkins for
public office. Both women were part of an extensive network of family and friends that
surrounded the Roosevelts and their five children.
Questions for Discussion
1. How were their leadership styles similar?
2. How were their leadership styles different?
3. Were they complementary?
4. Do you have different leadership styles among your union leaders?
7. 7
ANSWER GUIDE
1. How were there leadership styles similar?
Frances Perkins, Rose Schneiderman, and Eleanor Roosevelt were each committed to
improving the lives of workers, especially working women. They were part of an extensive
group of coalitions beginning with the Women’s Trade Union League. They understood the
importance of learning women’s priorities and they encouraged other women to take leadership
roles. They supported both legislation and unionization to improve the lives of workers and they
understood the need to take risks, as well as to compromise.
2. How did their leadership differ?
• Frances Perkins was more educated, reserved, and analytical, working behind the scenes
on the details of strategy, legislation, and administration. She was required to work with
all the unions, not just those considered more progressive, as well as with employers.
She favored legislation as the way to improve working conditions, but came to value
unionization as well. She did take very public positions and actions in support of the
Administration, but she disliked working with the press.
• Rose Schneiderman was an inspirational speaker who came from the working class and
understood the dynamics of the workplace and the union hall. She was a direct link to
workers, their problems, and the solutions being offered: organizing, educating, lobbying.
She relied on a strong network of women colleagues and maintained a life long focus on
the problems of working women.
• Eleanor Roosevelt came from a world of wealth and privilege, yet learned many lessons
from a sad childhood, a large family, and marital strains. She learned from others to listen
carefully to people’s concerns, to effectively use the media to reach both the poor and the
rich, to write extensively, testify before Congress, give public speeches, and to work
behind the scenes, as well as in public with the progressive community.
8. 8
3. Were their styles complementary?
Yes, legislation needed to be written and administered once the laws were passed and the
agencies established. Someone had to work on getting new laws implemented on the
factory floor. It was crucial to meet with the press and help educate the public about New
Deal programs so that they would support the efforts. One person doesn’t have to do
everything nor is there only one way to do things.
4. Can you identify different leadership styles, strengths and weaknesses, in your
leadership and in the leadership styles of other women with whom you are working or
organizing?
9. 9
ORGANIZING: HUMAN RIGHTS
Better wages and working conditions are the cornerstone of union organizing. For many
workers, however, being treated with dignity and respect is also crucial. They want to have a
voice in decisions that affect them everyday at work. Nurses, for example, are concerned about
the number of patients they can care for safely. Teachers bring expertise and experience to
questions about quality education from classroom size to textbooks.
Unions give people a voice at work; a basic human right. Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady
of the United States, delegate to the United Nations, and union member believed that “the right
to explain the principles lying back of labor unions should be safeguarded, that every workman
should be free to listen to the pleas of organization without fear of hindrance or of evil
circumstances.”
As a working journalist, ER, as she often signed her name, joined the American
Newspaper Guild in 1936 and was a member for over 25 years. In 1945, shortly after President
Roosevelt’s death, she was asked to serve as a delegate to the newly formed United Nations.
First she declined, saying that she wasn’t qualified. She went on to become one of the most
effective diplomats of her time. Later she advised others that “You must do the thing you think
you cannot do.”
ER worked closely with David Dubinsky of the International Garment Workers’ Union,
Mathew Woll of the Photoengravers Union, Jim Carey of the CIO, and Rose Schneiderman of
the Women’s Trade Union League to secure trade union rights in the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. She explained that the United States delegation considered that “The right to
form and join trade unions was an essential element of freedom.”
Under ER’s guidance, and with union support, Article 23 declares that everyone, without
discrimination, has the right to a decent job, fair working conditions, a living wage, equal pay for
equal work, protection against unemployment, and the right to form and join a union. When
asked “Where, after all, do human rights begin?” she answered “In small places close to
home…the neighborhood…the school or college…the factory, farm or office…unless they have
meaning there, they have little meaning anywhere.”
10. 10
Questions for Discussion
1. What risks did ER take and how did she overcome her fear?
2. Can you use the human rights approach to educate workers who know little about unions
and to counter the negative images portrayed by employers?
3. How can you use this document to reach immigrant workers? It is available on-line in
over 300 languages.
4. Is the appeal to democracy and a voice at work one that gains support from the broader
community-faith, civil rights, women, environmental?
5. Have you ever done something you thought you could not do?
Give Examples
11. 11
ANSWER GUIDE
1. What risks did ER take and how did she overcome her fear?
ER was concerned that she was not an experienced diplomat or an elected official. As the
only woman on the delegation, she thought failure would set all women back. She worked
very hard, reading materials and attending meetings, invited women to her hotel for
discussions, and worked closely with her friends in the labor movement, as well as with
delegates and staff from other countries.
Have you braved doing something you thought you could not do?
2. Can you use the human rights approach to educate workers who know little about unions
and to counter the negative images portrayed by employers?
Employers often portray union organizers as outsiders only interested in collecting dues
and/or raising wages to the possible harm of others. The human rights approach shifts the
discussion to questions of basic democracy at work and shows a long term commitment to
human rights on the part of unions.
3. Available on-line in over 300 languages, how can you use this document to reach
immigrant workers?
In the global economy, it is increasingly important for unions to reflect an international
awareness and perspective. The UDHR is a document well-known around the world and one
that can help to unite a diverse workforce.
4. Is the appeal to democracy and a voice at work one that you can use to gain support from
the broader community-faith, civil rights, women, environmental?
Many other community organizations are engaged in human rights issues. They are likely
not aware of labor’s role and the leadership of Eleanor Roosevelt in this area. This issue can
provide a bridge to work together with the larger community.
5. Have you ever done something you thought you could not do?
Give examples.