Presentation for a session with Master's students at the University of Portsmouth. March 19, 2024
Based on a book chapter titled "Normativas de Educación a Distancia en México" by García Quezada, Espinosa de la Rosa & Padilla Rodríguez (in press)
6. What % of the
population in Mexico
was illiterate in 1921?
POPULATION: 14 334 780
7. 85% of the
population was
illiterate.
POPULATION: 14 334 780
(Departamento de la Estadísticas Nacional, 1921;
Centro de Actualización del Magisterio en la Ciudad de México, 2023)
17. Rural Teacher
Magazine
▪ Used it to share official info
▪ Included teachers’ proposals and ideas to
organize rural schools
▪ Exam at the end of the magazine, which
learners could send via mail to the Directorate
of Cultural Missions (deadline: 1 month from
publication)
▪ Face-to-face final exam at the end of the
academic year, which served as evidence to
obtain the degree
(Bosco Hernández & Barrón Soto, 2008; Copado, 2022; Ruiz Lagier, 2013)
19. Federal Institute
of Teacher
Training
▪ Started in 1945 with 46
regional centres
▪ Courses via mail: distance
education became more
structured
(Bosco Hernández & Barrón Soto, 2008; Centro de Actualización del Magisterio en la Ciudad de México, 2023)
21. During the holidays, teachers completed their studies with
intensive face-to-face courses.
(Bosco Hernández & Barrón Soto, 2008)
22. Over 100k GCSE teachers
trained in 26 years
(1945-1971)
(Centro de Actualización del Magisterio en la Ciudad de México, 2023)
23. Telesecundaria: TV school
Since 1968
For 12-15 year old students in remote or rural areas
(Coordinación General @prende.mx, 2020)
24. 15-minute TV programmes
accessed via satellite or
internet
35 minutes of work guided by
a face-to-face teacher
TELESECUNDARIA
LESSON
(Coordinación General @prende.mx, 2020)
A single teacher for all subjects per level
25. Telesecundarias remain current.
Prevalence of TV (currently 91.2%
of Mexican homes have a TV)
+18k centres (6 out of every 10
public secondary schools)
+1 million students (20% of all
secondary students)
Teacher reports of lacking the
required equipment, knowledge
and training to support students
Limited students’ digital literacy
(Dirección General @prende.mx, 2020; INEGI, 2023; Ramos Ramón & Frías López, 2019)
26. Founded in 1950 with 26 higher education institutions (currently 211 members*)
Proposed the Master Plan of Open and Distance Higher Education in 1998
▪ Emphasised the affordances of using technologies and online resources
▪ Recognised the potential of distance education (flexibility, diverse learning spaces)
* There are currently 5,936 universities and higher education institutions in Mexico (Statista Research Department, 2023)
27. Open and distance education initiatives
Sistema de
Universidad
Abierta y a
Distancia
•UNAM, 1972
Sistema de
Enseñanza a
Distancia
•UV, 1980
Universidad
Virtual
•ITESM, 1997
Sistema de
Universidad
Virtual
•UDG, 2004
Universidad
Digital del Estado
de México
•Gobierno del Estado
de México, 2012
46. After the crisis…
Online education was legally recognised as an educational option.
Before the crisis…
The General Law of Education established
▪ Modalities: Schooled, non-schooled, blended
▪ Options: Open education, distance education
(Acuerdo número 18/11/18, DOF 27/11/2018)