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Shifting culture - how technology will change education

The document discusses the shifting culture towards e-learning in Zimbabwe, highlighting trends in education, mobile phone penetration, and internet access. It outlines the current state of basic, secondary, and tertiary education while noting significant challenges related to government expenditure on education and ICT infrastructure. Key insights include the growing importance of technology in learning and the potential for innovation through investments in digital learning frameworks.

Education◦
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Shifting Culture Investing in innovation in E-Learning
Culture is shifting • The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively."20th century popular culture“ • the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society
General Background • The world has entered the digital age • 42% of all births will be in Africa • 85% of Africans have mobile phones • About 11 million people in Zimbabwe have mobile phones • Increasingly complex world • Pervasion of mobility and internet in Africa and Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe’s Population Structure • 48% of Zimbabwe’s population under 18 • 51% live in rural areas • 46% of these are female • 2/3 of Zimbabwe’s population resides in rural areas.
Basic Education in Zimbabwe • Net attendance rate in Primary school • Urban (90%) • Rural (86%) • Net attendance rate Secondary • Urban (72%) • Rural (44%) • Population at school as increased by 1.1% between 2002 and 2012 • 6.7m persons were of the school going age between 3 to 24 years,, males constituted • Males 49% and females 51%.
Tertiary Education • Increased enrolment in universities • Total 64k = 0.40% total pop (2012) • Enrolment teacher training colleges • Total 19k = 0.12% (2012) • Enrolment technical colleges • Total 17k = 0.11% (2012) • Enrolment vocational training colleges. 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 numbers years University Education enrolment Male Female
Other forms of education • Basic literacy program • Functional literacy program • Zimbabwe Adult Basic Education Course • Part-time Continuing Education Classes (PTCEC)
Out of school • National out of school average 7.6% (including dropouts and never been to school) • Rural average 8.7% • Urban: 4.8%
Government Expenditure on Education • Total budget = 4bil • Primary & Secondary = 19% • Tertiary = 7% - 500,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,500,000,000 2,000,000,000 2,500,000,000 3,000,000,000 3,500,000,000 4,000,000,000 4,500,000,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Expenditure on Education as a % of GVT Expenditure Total Government Expenditure US Expenditure on Pre-primary, Primary & Secondary Education (US$) Expenditure on Tertiary Education (US$) % Expenditure on Pre-primary, Primary & Secondary Education % Expenditure on Tertiary Education
Key Insights • Skills gap based on tertiary education enrolment • Quality and content of Curriculum • Access to learning (rural vs urban) • Use of technology in learning • Government expenditure focused on Primary Education • No mention of E-Learning in government budget • Technology influencing behaviour and vice versa
Key Drivers for E-learning • increasing mobile penetration • Improved access to internet connectivity • Growth patterns of FANG (Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google) • Expansion of digital world and our digital footprints • The emergence of augmented and virtual reality devices • IoT(Internet of Things)
Challenges • Public ICT Infrastructure ( 0.15% of budget allocated to Ministry ICT) • About USD299m =7.4% dedicated to ICT infrastructure • Cost of access to ICT high • Cost of data • Content creation (video, images, text and audio) • Mode and methods of Distribution of content
Mobile prepaid tariffs US$0.00 US$0.05 US$0.10 US$0.15 US$0.20 US$0.25 Morocco Zimbabwe Tanzania South Africa Nigeria Uganda Algeria Tunisia Ghana Mauritius Ethiopia Kenya Egypt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Tariffs
Cost of internet (megabits/sec in USD) Country, Average price for megabit/sec per country USD/month Chad, US$3,036 Cameroon, US$2,058 Mali, US$1,108 Niger, US$603 Lesotho, US$599 Guinea-Bissau, US$576 Burkina Faso, 377 Benin, 360 Comoros, 347 Togo, 326 Tanzania, 246 Madagascar, 192 Namibia, 175 Angola, 166 Djibouti, 163 Ethiopia, 139 Nigeria, 134 Botswana, 117 Zambia, 111 Senegal, 109 Cote d'Ivoire, 107 Somalia, 100 Mauritania, 99 Kenya, 87 Mozambique, 67 Sudan, 60 Zimbabwe, 59 South Africa, 55 Gabon, 51 Mauritius, 47 Malawi, 20 Ghana, 7
Who drives innovation Degree of public awareness Global national Multiple Local individual Few cases Emerging issues trends mainstream Scientists intellectuals Artists Media Government
Transformation takesplace whena new worldview replaces an old one. —WILLIAM MILLER
Investing in aspects of E-learning
Content creation/creators • ARTISTS (inspiring introspection) • INTELLECTUALS (formulating thoughts and research) • SCIENTISTS (Creating how to content) • ACADEMICS (Universities producing journals) • Sector specific content • Harnessing, leveraging and digitizing local knowledge systems
Content distribution • Technopreneurs creating distribution channels • Programmers designing applications • Access to relevant and affordable devices • Sector specific distribution channels
Sector investment • Banks and private sector involvement in developing E-learning contexts • Universities commercialising research and making it palatable to wider audience • Investment into alternative forms of learning by educational sector
Key considerations for the future • ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT – job creation and up skilling (Glo-cal /born global companies) • ACADEMIA: applied research for different age groups (TED) • GOVERNMENT – future focused policies and regulations that embrace innovation and new technology (Estonia and Finland) • INDUSTRY AND PRIVATE SECTOR: investment in digital learning frameworks and infrastructure including hardware (BRCK Kenya) • HOUSEHOLDS/ COMMUNITIES – foster a culture of learning leveraging technology (Japan/China)
The Future of Education CLASSROOM single teacher addressing dozens of students STUDIO Peer to peer learning environments VIRTUAL Disembodied learning environments not affected by physicality or geography 2020: student exchange via digitized classrooms 2012-2020: increased used of mobile technology 2012: Information moves outside of the classroom 2020: classrooms will be replaced by virtual environments and studios 2020: changes in peer collaboration and learning 2020: development and implementation of assessment algorithms 2030: instruction becomes project performance and portfolio based 2020: Increased ubiquity of communication technologies 2030: education becomes continuous interconnected effort
Key Technologies • Digitized classrooms: dispersing tech throughout learning and classroom experience • Gamification: change in grading systems (instant feedback to acquired knowledge through achievements) • Open sourcing: access to up-to-date knowledge repositories • Disintermediation: changing the teacher/student model • Virtual and augmented reality: use of emerging wearable, smart and IOT gadgets for learning • Tangible computing: using intelligent and smart objects • Artificial intelligence: digital teachers • 3D Printing
Working Methodology for FUTURE Developments SCIENCE Fiction IDEA CONCEPT PROTOTYPE PRODUCT
Education lies at a peculiar crossroad in society. On one hand it has the responsibility of anticipating real life skills by preparing us for an increasingly complex world but education methodologies can only be formalized after practices have been defined. Michel Zappa
Thank you