Evolution of Computers.pptx
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W 1 Introduction
The document provides an introduction to information technology and computer organization. It discusses the history of computers from mechanical calculators to modern digital computers. The five generations of computers are defined based on the underlying technologies used - from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. The document focuses on the evolution of computers and technologies over time that led to improvements in performance, capacity, size and cost.
History of computer by Siddhartha Kumar Panda
The document provides a summary of the history of computing from ancient calculating tools like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses key developments including:
- Charles Babbage inventing the Analytical Engine, the first general-purpose computer, in 1837, though it was never completed.
- Alan Turing introducing the concept of the algorithm and the formalization of computation in 1936.
- The development of the von Neumann architecture in 1946, which separated the memory and processing units and allowed for programmable computers.
- Improvements in subsequent generations of computers including smaller circuitry and increased processing power and memory capacity.
History of Computers
The document summarizes the six generations of computers from mechanical devices like the abacus to modern electronic computers. It describes key inventions and advancements that defined each generation, such as Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, the first general-purpose computer ENIAC which used vacuum tubes, the development of integrated circuits and microprocessors, and advancements in artificial intelligence. The sixth generation saw the rise of microchips which allowed computers to perform complex tasks while becoming smaller, faster, and more integrated into networks.
Introduction to computer science
This document provides an introduction to computer science, covering the history of computers from the abacus to modern electronic computers. It discusses early pioneers like Babbage, Turing, and von Neumann and important early computers like the ENIAC. The document defines what a computer is, describing it as an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, stores it, and provides output. It also provides some key facts about the development of computers and operating systems over time.
lecture 1
This document provides an introduction to computer science, covering the history of computers from the abacus to modern electronic computers. It discusses early pioneers like Babbage, Turing, and von Neumann and important early computers like the ENIAC. The document defines what a computer is, describing it as an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, stores it, and provides output. It also provides some key facts about the development of computers and operating systems over time.
introduction to Computer system
This document provides an introduction to computer science, covering the history of computers from the abacus to modern electronic computers. It discusses early pioneers like Babbage, Turing, and von Neumann and important early computers like the ENIAC. The document defines what a computer is, describing it as an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, stores it, and provides output. It also provides some key facts about the development of computers and operating systems over time.
History of the Computer
Students will learn about the five generations of computing through a presentation and class discussion. They will identify each generation and the key developments that defined it, including the earliest mechanical adding machines, the first electronic ENIAC computer, and the transition to integrated circuits and microprocessors. The document outlines the history of computers from the 17th century through modern times, highlighting technologies like vacuum tubes, transistors, and large-scale integrated circuits that drove computers to become smaller, faster, and more powerful with each new generation.
ICT across curriculum
The document provides an introduction to information communication technology (ICT) integration and objectives of an ICT course. It discusses the history of computing from the abacus to modern computers. The evolution is divided into five generations based on the technology used: vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and future artificial intelligence. It defines the basic parts and functions of a computer including input, output, central processing unit, memory, and software and hardware. Finally, it covers computer data representation, storage units, uses, and limitations.
Recommended
W 1 Introduction
The document provides an introduction to information technology and computer organization. It discusses the history of computers from mechanical calculators to modern digital computers. The five generations of computers are defined based on the underlying technologies used - from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. The document focuses on the evolution of computers and technologies over time that led to improvements in performance, capacity, size and cost.
History of computer by Siddhartha Kumar Panda
The document provides a summary of the history of computing from ancient calculating tools like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses key developments including:
- Charles Babbage inventing the Analytical Engine, the first general-purpose computer, in 1837, though it was never completed.
- Alan Turing introducing the concept of the algorithm and the formalization of computation in 1936.
- The development of the von Neumann architecture in 1946, which separated the memory and processing units and allowed for programmable computers.
- Improvements in subsequent generations of computers including smaller circuitry and increased processing power and memory capacity.
History of Computers
The document summarizes the six generations of computers from mechanical devices like the abacus to modern electronic computers. It describes key inventions and advancements that defined each generation, such as Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, the first general-purpose computer ENIAC which used vacuum tubes, the development of integrated circuits and microprocessors, and advancements in artificial intelligence. The sixth generation saw the rise of microchips which allowed computers to perform complex tasks while becoming smaller, faster, and more integrated into networks.
Introduction to computer science
This document provides an introduction to computer science, covering the history of computers from the abacus to modern electronic computers. It discusses early pioneers like Babbage, Turing, and von Neumann and important early computers like the ENIAC. The document defines what a computer is, describing it as an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, stores it, and provides output. It also provides some key facts about the development of computers and operating systems over time.
lecture 1
This document provides an introduction to computer science, covering the history of computers from the abacus to modern electronic computers. It discusses early pioneers like Babbage, Turing, and von Neumann and important early computers like the ENIAC. The document defines what a computer is, describing it as an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, stores it, and provides output. It also provides some key facts about the development of computers and operating systems over time.
introduction to Computer system
This document provides an introduction to computer science, covering the history of computers from the abacus to modern electronic computers. It discusses early pioneers like Babbage, Turing, and von Neumann and important early computers like the ENIAC. The document defines what a computer is, describing it as an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, stores it, and provides output. It also provides some key facts about the development of computers and operating systems over time.
History of the Computer
Students will learn about the five generations of computing through a presentation and class discussion. They will identify each generation and the key developments that defined it, including the earliest mechanical adding machines, the first electronic ENIAC computer, and the transition to integrated circuits and microprocessors. The document outlines the history of computers from the 17th century through modern times, highlighting technologies like vacuum tubes, transistors, and large-scale integrated circuits that drove computers to become smaller, faster, and more powerful with each new generation.
ICT across curriculum
The document provides an introduction to information communication technology (ICT) integration and objectives of an ICT course. It discusses the history of computing from the abacus to modern computers. The evolution is divided into five generations based on the technology used: vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and future artificial intelligence. It defines the basic parts and functions of a computer including input, output, central processing unit, memory, and software and hardware. Finally, it covers computer data representation, storage units, uses, and limitations.
Generations of computer powerpoint by Ruby
Charles Babbage is considered the father of computing for his concept and later invention of the Analytical Engine in 1837, which contained an arithmetic logic unit, basic flow control, and integrated memory, making it the first general-purpose computer concept. Computers have progressed through five generations from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits to microprocessors and now artificial intelligence. Each generation brought improvements in size, speed, reliability and cost reduction while expanding the uses of computers beyond mathematical calculation.
A Reference Book on C Programming.pdf
This document provides a historical overview of the development of computers from ancient times to the present. It discusses the major milestones and innovations that progressed computing, including the abacus, mechanical adding machines, punched cards, vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. The development is divided into five generations characterized by the components and technology used. The modern computer era began with the invention of the microprocessor, which allowed computers to become smaller, more affordable personal devices.
Presentation on computer history & generations (by muhammad shoaib)
This document provides an overview of the history of computers from the earliest devices through modern generations. It begins with definitions of a computer and discusses early mechanical calculating devices like the abacus and Napier's bones. Important early electronic computers included the Pascaline, the Stepped Reckoner, Babbage's Analytical Engine, and the Jacquard Loom. The document then outlines the five generations of computers, describing the defining technological developments of each including vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and artificial intelligence. It provides examples of influential computers from each generation and their key features.
history of computer by sai nat tib
The history of computers spans from ancient times to modern computers. Early devices like the abacus were used for calculations. In the 17th century, pioneering mathematicians and engineers began building mechanical calculating machines. Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine in the 1830s, considered a precursor to modern computers. Herman Hollerith developed punched cards for census data in the late 19th century. During World War II, electronic digital computers were developed using vacuum tubes, laying the foundations for stored-program computers and the first general-purpose electronic computers like ENIAC. Over generations, computers transitioned to newer technologies like transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors.
History Of Computer By Sai Nat Tib
The history of computers spans from ancient times to modern computers. Early devices like the abacus were used for calculations. In the 17th century, pioneering mathematicians and engineers began building mechanical calculating machines. Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine in the 1830s, considered the first general-purpose computer. Herman Hollerith developed punched cards for census data in the late 19th century. During World War II, electronic digital computers were developed using vacuum tubes, laying the foundations for stored-program computers and the first general-purpose electronic computers like ENIAC in the 1940s. Subsequent generations saw transistors replace vacuum tubes, integrated circuits, and microprocessors that could process multiple programs simultaneously.
History
- The document provides a brief history of computing from ancient times to modern computers. It discusses early calculating devices like the abacus and how they evolved over time.
- Important figures that advanced computing are mentioned, like Charles Babbage who designed analytical engines, Ada Lovelace who wrote about programming the analytical engine, and Herman Hollerith who developed tabulating machines.
- Milestones like the first general purpose electronic computer (ENIAC), stored program concept, and first commercial computers are summarized. The evolution of computers from mainframes to minicomputers to microprocessors is covered at a high level.
History of computer
- The document provides a brief history of computing from ancient times to modern computers. It discusses early computing devices like the abacus and how they evolved over time.
- It describes pioneers in computing like Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace and their work on early mechanical computers in the 1800s. It also covers the development of electromechanical computers in the 1900s and early electronic digital computers in the 1940s.
- The summary highlights the development of stored-program architecture and programming languages as well as the emergence of mainframe, mini, and microcomputers that drove computing innovation from the 1940s through the 1970s.
Basic of computer
Computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, and produces output in a required format. It converts data into information through programs. A computer functions by inputting data, storing it, processing it, and outputting information. It has characteristics like accuracy, diligence, versatility, reliability, automation, large data storage capacity, and lack of intelligence. Computers are used in many fields like homes, medicine, entertainment, industry, education, government, banking, and science/engineering. The history of computers progressed from early mechanical devices like the abacus to modern electronic computers like ENIAC and UNIVAC.
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This document introduces electronic spreadsheets and Microsoft Excel. It describes the history and components of spreadsheets, how to open and navigate within a spreadsheet, and how to enter numeric data and formulas. The objectives are to describe spreadsheets, modify and create spreadsheets by inputting data, formulas, and producing output.
History of computer system
The document provides a history of computer systems from ancient counting methods to modern artificial intelligence. It describes how early counting devices like the abacus evolved into mechanical calculators invented by Napier, Pascal, and Leibniz. Charles Babbage then invented the Analytical Engine, considered the first computer. The document then outlines the five generations of modern computers, from the first generation's vacuum tubes to today's fifth generation of artificial intelligence using parallel processing and superconductors.
introduction to computer science
This document provides an introduction to computer science, covering the history of computers from the abacus to modern electronic computers. It discusses early pioneers like Babbage, Turing, and Zuse and important developments like the ENIAC, the stored-program computer concept, and integrated circuits. The objectives are to explain the functional components of computers, characteristics of computers like speed and storage, and concepts like algorithms, problem solving, and computer applications.
History Of Personal Computers
The document traces the history of personal computers from manually operated abacus in the 12th century to modern electronic computers. It discusses early mechanical counting machines invented by Pascal and Leibniz. In 1890, Herman Hollerith developed the first electromechanical machine using punched cards to tabulate the US Census faster. The first modern electronic computer without mechanical parts, ENIAC, was developed in 1946. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the 1950s, integrated circuits were invented in the 1960s, and microprocessors placed computing power in the hands of individuals and small businesses in the 1970s, launching the era of microcomputers.
History of computing
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This document provides a summary of a lecture on the history of computers. It discusses early mechanical computers developed in the 1600s-1800s and the first programmable computer built by Conrad Zuse in 1941. It then covers the development of electronic computers in the 1940s including the ABC, ENIAC, and EDVAC. The lecture describes the IAS computer built in 1946-1952 which was based on the von Neumann architecture. It provides details on the architecture, instruction set, and operation of the IAS computer. Finally, it discusses the development of subsequent generations of computers through the 1950s-1970s and the development of programming languages and operating systems.
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The document summarizes the history of computers from the abacus to modern generations. It discusses how Charles Babbage invented the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, laying the foundations for modern computers. It then outlines the five generations of computers: first generation used vacuum tubes and punch cards, second used assembly language, third used integrated circuits, fourth used microprocessors, and fifth uses artificial intelligence and natural language processing.
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The document discusses the history of computing devices from early counting tools to modern computers. It describes inventions like the abacus from 3000 BC, Napier's Bones in 1612 used for multiplication, the slide rule invented in 1622, and Pascal's mechanical calculator from 1642. The document then outlines pioneers of electronic computing like the ABC from 1937, ENIAC from 1945, the first transistor computer in 1953, and the first personal computer called the Altair 8800 in 1975. The inventors and their innovations helped advance computing technology over time from basic counting aids to programmable electronic machines.
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This document provides information about the Computer Engineering and Sciences course CE1100. It outlines that the workload is 3 hours per week including homework, projects, tests, and a final test. It provides tips for learning such as reading books, typing lectures, and writing own ideas. It lists the class times as Sundays and discussion sections on Fridays. Office hours are Saturdays. Grades are based on homework, tests, projects, midterm, second exam, and the final exam. Prerequisites include CS1100. The document also provides an overview of computing history, modern computer systems, hardware and software interactions, careers in computer fields, and choosing a career.
Introduction to the world of computers
The document traces the history of computers from ancient counting machines like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to today's fourth generation using microprocessors. The document also outlines some of the major applications of computers in business, banking, education, healthcare and more. Finally, it identifies the main types of computers and parts of a basic computer system.
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A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
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Generations of computer powerpoint by Ruby
Charles Babbage is considered the father of computing for his concept and later invention of the Analytical Engine in 1837, which contained an arithmetic logic unit, basic flow control, and integrated memory, making it the first general-purpose computer concept. Computers have progressed through five generations from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits to microprocessors and now artificial intelligence. Each generation brought improvements in size, speed, reliability and cost reduction while expanding the uses of computers beyond mathematical calculation.
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The history of computers spans from ancient times to modern computers. Early devices like the abacus were used for calculations. In the 17th century, pioneering mathematicians and engineers began building mechanical calculating machines. Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine in the 1830s, considered a precursor to modern computers. Herman Hollerith developed punched cards for census data in the late 19th century. During World War II, electronic digital computers were developed using vacuum tubes, laying the foundations for stored-program computers and the first general-purpose electronic computers like ENIAC. Over generations, computers transitioned to newer technologies like transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors.
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The history of computers spans from ancient times to modern computers. Early devices like the abacus were used for calculations. In the 17th century, pioneering mathematicians and engineers began building mechanical calculating machines. Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine in the 1830s, considered the first general-purpose computer. Herman Hollerith developed punched cards for census data in the late 19th century. During World War II, electronic digital computers were developed using vacuum tubes, laying the foundations for stored-program computers and the first general-purpose electronic computers like ENIAC in the 1940s. Subsequent generations saw transistors replace vacuum tubes, integrated circuits, and microprocessors that could process multiple programs simultaneously.
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- The document provides a brief history of computing from ancient times to modern computers. It discusses early calculating devices like the abacus and how they evolved over time.
- Important figures that advanced computing are mentioned, like Charles Babbage who designed analytical engines, Ada Lovelace who wrote about programming the analytical engine, and Herman Hollerith who developed tabulating machines.
- Milestones like the first general purpose electronic computer (ENIAC), stored program concept, and first commercial computers are summarized. The evolution of computers from mainframes to minicomputers to microprocessors is covered at a high level.
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- The document provides a brief history of computing from ancient times to modern computers. It discusses early computing devices like the abacus and how they evolved over time.
- It describes pioneers in computing like Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace and their work on early mechanical computers in the 1800s. It also covers the development of electromechanical computers in the 1900s and early electronic digital computers in the 1940s.
- The summary highlights the development of stored-program architecture and programming languages as well as the emergence of mainframe, mini, and microcomputers that drove computing innovation from the 1940s through the 1970s.
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The document traces the history of computers from ancient counting machines like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to today's fourth generation using microprocessors. The document also outlines some of the major applications of computers in business, banking, education, healthcare and more. Finally, it identifies the main types of computers and parts of a basic computer system.
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→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
Volume URL: https://airccse.org/journal/ijc2022.html
Abstract URL:https://aircconline.com/abstract/ijcnc/v14n5/14522cnc05.html
Pdf URL: https://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V14N5/14522cnc05.pdf
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The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
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project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
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Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
An In-Depth Exploration of Natural Language Processing: Evolution, Applicatio...
Natural language processing (NLP) has
recently garnered significant interest for the
computational representation and analysis of human
language. Its applications span multiple domains such
as machine translation, email spam detection,
information extraction, summarization, healthcare,
and question answering. This paper first delineates
four phases by examining various levels of NLP and
components of Natural Language Generation,
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NLP. Subsequently, we delve into the current state of
the art by presenting diverse NLP applications,
contemporary trends, and challenges. Finally, we
discuss some available datasets, models, and
evaluation metrics in NLP.
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- 1. Evolution of Computers Avishek Bhattacharjee (Department of ECE)
- 2. HOOGHLY ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE PAPER NAME COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE (EC502) PROJECT TITLE Evolution of Computers NAME Avishek Bhattacharjee DEPARTMENT Electronics & Communication Engineering SEMESTER 5th CLASS ROLL 02 UNIVERSITY ROLL 17600320001 YEAR 3rd BATCH 2020-24
- 3. CONTENTS NAPIER’S BONES and PASCALINE DIFFERENCE ENGINE and ANALYTICAL ENGINE TIDE PREDICTOR and ARTHMOMETER EARLY 1900s ERA FACTS CHECK FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER EVOLUTION WITH COLLABORATION FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER REFERENCES
- 4. THE EARLY YEARS Source: Evolution of Computers By Salimon Cs
- 5. Napier’s bones is a manually operated calculating device, invented by John Napier of Marchiston for calculation products and quotation numbers on 1600S. NAPIER’S BONES Source: www.historycomputer.uk PASCALINE Pascaline, also called Arithmetic Machine, is the first calculator which can add or subtract two numbers directly in decimal. The Pascaline was designed and built by the French mathematician- philosopher Blaise Pascal between 1642 and 1644. Source: www.wikipedia.org/napiersbones NAPIER’S BONES PASCALINE
- 6. DIFFERENCE ENGINE (1812/1813) Charles Babbage started to develop this machine. It was a mechanical calculator. Used polynomial computations. Source: www.Britannica.com/differenceengine ANALYTICAL ENGINE (1837) Proposed By Ada Lovelace. General Purposed Mechanical Calculator. Had arithmetic and logic unit and memory. Could handle conditional branching and loop. Difference Engine Analytical Engine Charles Babbage
- 7. TIDE PREDICTOR Source: www.sciencemuseum.org ARTHMOMETER • First modern mechanical calculator on 1872. • Designed by Sir William Thomson (aka Lord Kelvin)
- 9. KEY POINTS
- 14. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER (1964-71) Source: www.sciencemuseum.org
- 16. CONT..
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