The document outlines the evolution of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the fifth generation featuring artificial intelligence and user-friendly interfaces. It describes key technological advancements and components of computer systems, including the CPU, memory, input/output devices, and system software. Each generation reflects significant progress in size, speed, and capabilities, leading to powerful and compact computers today.

1. EVOSSLU
TION OF COMPUTER
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER
 THE FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER
 THE SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER
 THE THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER
 THE FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER

2. THE FIRST GENERATION COMPUETER
THE FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS MADE USE
OF:
• VACUUM TUBE TECHNOLOGY,
• PUNCHED CARDS FOR DATA INPUT,
• PUNCHED CARDS AND PAPER TAPE FOR
OUTPUT,
• MACHINE LANGUAGE FOR WRITING
PROGRAMS,
• MAGNETIC TAPES AND DRUMS FOR
Vacume
tube

3. THE SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER
 IN THE SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS:
 VACUUM TUBE TECHNOLOGY WAS REPLACED BY TRANSISTORIZED TECHNOLOGY,
 SIZE OF THE COMPUTERS STARTED REDUCING,
 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE STARTED BEING USED IN PLACE OF MACHINE LANGUAGE,
 CONCEPT OF STORED PROGRAM EMERGED
 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES WERE INVENTED

4. THE THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER
THE THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS WERE
CHARACTERIZED BY:
• USE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS,
• PHENOMENAL INCREASE IN COMPUTATION SPEED,
• SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION IN SIZE AND POWER CONSUMPTION OF THE MACHINES,
• USE OF MAGNETIC TAPES AND DRUMS FOR EXTERNAL STORAGE,
• DESIGN-OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND NEW HIGHER LEVEL LANGUAGES,
• COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF COMPUTERS.

5. THE FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER
THE GENERAL FEATURES OF THE FOURTH
GENERATION COMPUTERS WERE:
• USE OF VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION,
• INVENTION OF MICROCOMPUTERS,
• INTRODUCTION OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS,
• NETWORKING,
• FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES

6. THE FIFTH GENEAION COMPUTER
 ULSI TECHNOLOGY
 DEVELOPMENT OF TRUE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
 DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
 ADVANCEMENT IN PARALLEL PROCESSING
 ADVANCEMENT IN SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY
 MORE USER-FRIENDLY INTERFACES WITH MULTIMEDIA FEATURES
 AVAILABILITY OF VERY POWERFUL AND COMPACT COMPUTERS AT CHEAPER
RATES

7. COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
 Input Unit
 The Central Processing
unit
 Output Unit

8. 1. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
 BRAIN OF THE COMPUTER.
 IT DIRECTS AND CONTROLS THE ENTIRE
COMPUTER SYSTEM AND PERFORMS ALL
ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS.

9. 2. MEMORY UNIT
 WHERE THE PROGRAMS AND DATA ARE STORED .
READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) CONTAINS THE PRE-
PROGRAMMED COMPUTER INSTRUCTIONS SUCH AS THE
BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM (BIOS).
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) IS USED TO STORE
THE PROGRAMS AND DATA THAT YOU WILL
RUN. EXISTS ONLY WHEN THERE IS POWER.

10.  OUTPUT AND INPUT DEVICES -
INPUT DEVICES - INPUT DEVICE WHICH HELPS TO INPUT DATA TO THE COMPUTER
 Allows data and programs to be sent to the
CPU.
Keyboard
Mouse
Joystick
Microphone
Webcam
Scanner
Monitor

11. KEYBOARD
 TRADITIONAL KEYBOARDS
 FLEXIBLE KEYBOARDS
 ERGONOMIC KEYBOARDS
 WIRELESS KEYBOARDS
 PDA KEYBOARDS

12. TWO TYPES OF MOUSE
 MECHANICAL - A TYPE OF
COMPUTER MOUSE THAT HAS A
RUBBER OR METAL BALL ON ITS
UNDERSIDE AND IT CAN ROLL IN
EVERY DIRECTION.
 OPTICAL: THIS TYPE USES A
LASER FOR DETECTING THE
MOUSE'S MOVEMENT.

13. OTHER POINTING DEVICES
 TRACKBALL
 TRACK POINT
 TOUCH PAD
 TOUCH SCREEN

14.  JOYSTICK – INPUT DEVICE
FOR COMPUTER GAMES
 LIGHT PENS – LIGHT-
SENSITIVE PENLIKE DEVICE
 STYLUS – PENLIKE DEVICE
COMMONLY USED WITH
TABLET PCS AND PDAS.

15. 4. OUTPUT DEVICES
 MEDIA USED BY THE COMPUTER IN DISPLAYING
ITS RESPONSES TO OUR REQUESTS AND
INSTRUCTIONS.
 MONITOR
 AUDIO SPEAKERS
 PRINTER

16. PRINTERS
 IMPACT PRINTERS USES
PRESSURE BY PHYSICALLY
STRIKING THE PAPER. EX. DAISY
WHEEL PRINTERS, LINE
PRINTERS, DOT MATRIX
PRINTERS & BAND PRINTERS.
 NON-IMPACT PRINTER DOES
NOT APPLY PRESSURE ON THE
PAPER BUT INSTEAD PRODUCES
CHARACTER BY USING LASERS,
INK SPRAY, PHOTOGRAPHY OR
Dot matrix printer
Inkjet printer
Laser
printer

17.  SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES
 ATTACHED TO THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM TO ALLOW YOU TO
STORE PROGRAMS AND DATA
PERMANENTLY FOR THE PURPOSE
OF RETRIEVING THEM FOR
FUTURE USE.
 FLOPPY DISK, HARD DISK, CD
ROM
Floppy Disk

18.  HARD DISK DRIVE OR HARD DISK
 MADE OF RIGID MATERIALS
UNLIKE FLOPPY DISKS
 HOLDS A GREATER AMOUNT
OF DATA

19.  MOTHERBOARD
 THE PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT IN A COMPUTER THAT
CONTAINS THE COMPUTER’S BASIC CIRCUITRY AND
COMPONENTS.
 COMPONENTS ARE:
 MICROPROCESSOR
 (OPTIONAL) COPROCESSORS
 MEMORY
 BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM (BIOS)
 EXPANSION SLOT
 INTERCONNECTING CIRCUITRY

20.  SYSTEM SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE ENABLES THE APPLICATION
SOFTWARE TO INTERACT WITH THE COMPUTER
HARDWARE.
 OPERATING SYSTEMS ARE PROGRAMS THAT COORDINATE
COMPUTER RESOURCES, PROVIDE AN INTERFACE BETWEEN
USERS AND THE COMPUTER; AND RUN APPLICATIONS.
 UTILITIES PERFORM SPECIFIC TASKS RELATED TO MANAGING
COMPUTER RESOURCES.
 DEVICE DRIVERS ARE SPECIALIZED PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO
ALLOW PARTICULAR INPUT OR OUTPUT DEVICES TO
COMMUNICATE WITH THE REST OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM.

21.  FUNCTIONS OF A SYSTEM SOFTWARE
 MANAGING RESOURCES (MEMORY,
PROCESSING, STORAGE, AND
DEVICES LIKE PRINTER).
 PROVIDING USER INTERFACE
 RUNNING APPLICATIONS

22. THE END