This presentation discusses six challenges for developing evidence-based climate change policy: 1) Urgent need to act based on existing evidence without delay; 2) Environmental limits are value-laden and require political decisions; 3) Monetization of impacts is problematic and unnecessary for decision-making; 4) Efficiency measures should focus on outcomes like quality of life, not just economic activity; 5) Coordinated, multifaceted solutions are needed due to interconnected systems; 6) Simplicity is still needed alongside acknowledging complexity.
Jos Delbeke's presentation at the Climate Action Conference in Brussels, 25-27 October 2010
Topic: An overview of the EU domestic action to combat climate change
Ipsos Global @dvisor Wave 44: Corporate Social ResponsibilityIpsos UK
Four in ten (37%) employees in 24 countries indicate it is ‘very important’ for their own employers to be ‘responsible to society and the environment’ This importance rises to 80% when it is combined with those employees who believe it is somewhat important (37% very/43% somewhat) their employer is responsible. Three in ten (29%) report ‘a high degree of social responsibility’ is very important when forming a purchase decision while about half (45%) view it as fairly important for a total of 74% who say it is important.
Scottish Public Opinion Monitor: October 2014Ipsos UK
In the latest Ipsos MORI Scotland poll for STV News, Ipsos MORI found that the SNP party has a strong lead over Labour in voting intentions for Holyrood. Among those who told us that they would be ‘certain’ to vote in an immediate Scottish Parliament election, 57% say they would cast their constituency vote for the SNP, while 23% would back Scottish Labour, 8% would vote for the Scottish Conservatives and 6% for the Scottish Liberal Democrats. This gives the SNP a 34-point lead over Labour.
Jos Delbeke's presentation at the Climate Action Conference in Brussels, 25-27 October 2010
Topic: An overview of the EU domestic action to combat climate change
Ipsos Global @dvisor Wave 44: Corporate Social ResponsibilityIpsos UK
Four in ten (37%) employees in 24 countries indicate it is ‘very important’ for their own employers to be ‘responsible to society and the environment’ This importance rises to 80% when it is combined with those employees who believe it is somewhat important (37% very/43% somewhat) their employer is responsible. Three in ten (29%) report ‘a high degree of social responsibility’ is very important when forming a purchase decision while about half (45%) view it as fairly important for a total of 74% who say it is important.
Scottish Public Opinion Monitor: October 2014Ipsos UK
In the latest Ipsos MORI Scotland poll for STV News, Ipsos MORI found that the SNP party has a strong lead over Labour in voting intentions for Holyrood. Among those who told us that they would be ‘certain’ to vote in an immediate Scottish Parliament election, 57% say they would cast their constituency vote for the SNP, while 23% would back Scottish Labour, 8% would vote for the Scottish Conservatives and 6% for the Scottish Liberal Democrats. This gives the SNP a 34-point lead over Labour.
An Economic View of Environmental ProtectioneAmbiente
Robert N. Stavins
Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Conference on Sustainability in Manufacturing
Assoreca and the Green Economy Network
Assolombarda Auditorium, Milano
November 20, 2014
11/2014convegno su Green Economy e industria manifatturiera in Italia. Presen...Gabriella Foglio
Eccellente inquadramento della problematica "Sviluppo economico e protezione ambientale" da parte del Prof. Stavins/Harvard University. Uomo simpatico oltre che acuto
Delighted to be sharing this interactive, 10 practical action points for SMEs.
Developed by the Climate Change Forum of the Franco-British Chamber of Commerce in London, with key contributions from Renault, EDF Energy, Veolia and PwC, and initially exclusively shared with our members of the Chamber, before this summer 2016.
What are the revenue opportunities, costs and regulatory challenges, and business interruption risks? Exclusively with SMEs in mind.
Clink on the links within the leaflet for more independent sources, practical references and action lists.
Final Project (Real Estate 3400)1. Individual ProjectThe fiChereCheek752
Final Project (Real Estate 3400)
1. Individual Project:
The final project will be due on November 22th, before the Thanksgiving break on Blackboard.
You have to choose one among the following types of CMBS securities:
• Sequential Pay with three tranches
• Sequential Pay with three tranches with a Z-bond
• Floater / Inverse Floater
• PAC + Support Tranche
• TAC + Support Tranche
After that, build an excel model that will compute cash flows towards each tranche. The model will feature the following:
a) Customizable inputs for the following:
• Initial principal in each tranche (summing to total principal on the underlying mortgages)
• Maturity of the underlying loans in months
• Interest rate of the underlying loans
• Interest rate to investors in each tranche
• Servicing fee paid by the investors (same for each tranche)
• Prepayment assumption (PSA or constant CPR)
• Current market rate
b) User will input all the criteria in a) and be able to see the following update automatically:
• Amortization table for the underlying pool (initial principle, scheduled payments, prepayments, scheduled principal, interest)
• Servicing fee of each tranche
• Cash flow of each tranche
• Investor valuation for the security
c) An additional tab should include the following, fully annotated graphs (title + labeled axis)
• Initial principal of each tranche over time
• Total payments to each tranche
The grades will be awarded based on the following criteria:
· Accuracy: the spreadsheet should compute accurate cash flows for any inputs of the parameters above. The spreadsheets must necessarily be dynamic.
· User-Friendliness: it should be obvious where one should enter the parameters above and where to look for cash flows towards each tranche. Clearly state what type of security you chose.
Note: This is an individual project and intended for you to learn how to build a spreadsheet yourself from scratch. The use of a pre-made template or collaboration of any kind is strictly prohibited. It would be treated as plagiarism and duly measures would be taken against that.
Excel Functions That Might be Useful:
I. ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, AND DIVISION LOGIC
II. SUM() AND AVERAGE() FUNCTIONS
III. TRUE AND FALSE LOGIC
IV. IF() FUNCTION
V. AND() & OR() FUNCTIONS
VI. MAX() AND MIN() FUNCTIONS
VII. COUNTIF() AND COUNTA() FUNCTIONS
VIII. IRR() AND NPV() FUNCTIONS
Additional Excel Features:
1. DATA VALIDATION: Data Validation restricts the type of data or the values that users enter into a cell. So for instance, with Data Validation you can limit inputs in a given cell to a specific type of value (e.g. whole numbers only). You can also restrict inputs to only predetermined values (e.g. a drop-down menu with a specific list).
2. CONDITIONAL FORMATTING: Conditional Formatting allows you to create a custom look for certain cells (or the entire model) based on user inputs.
3. DATA TABLE: The Data table feature is a feature in Excel t ...
Put together by
Camille Maxwell, Director of Northeast Shores Development Corporation
Sammy Catania, Development Manager, Tremont West Development Corporation
Ben Campbell, Buciness Development DIrector, Slavic Village Development Corporation
Deepa Vedavyas, Associate Director for Development, Buckeye Area Development Corporation
Matt Lasko, Housing DIrector, Detroit Shoreway Community Development Organization
Jeff Ramsey, Executive DIrector, Detroit Shoreway Community Development Organization
Anthony Whitfield, Economic Development DIrector, Fairfax Renaissance Development Corporation
Green or Green-Wash? Lessons from building North America’s greenest hotelMaRS Discovery District
Speaker: Tom Rand, MaRS Advisor and Cleantech Practice Lead
Buildings are responsible for more than half of urban carbon emissions. Greening our buildings is clearly a cleantech priority - but what does "green" mean? Which technologies work, and which are window-dressing? What's possible by economic argument alone? This talk will take you through the technologies, decisions and problems of transforming a derelict building on our very own College Street into a modern, clean and green hotel. By "green" we mean an 80 per cent reduction of carbon emissions from business as usual. Planet Traveler will be "North America's Greenest Hotel." Planet Traveler: green, or green-washed?
Part of the MaRS Best Practices Series. For more information, including video, please see the event page here: http://www.marsdd.com/Events/Event-Calendar/Best-Practices-Series/green-hotel-06092009.html
Presentation by Oliver Nicholls on how the West Midlands Regional Observatory can help the third sector as a source of evidence for funding applications. This presentation was given at 'Better evidence... better funding bids', an event held in Birmingham (UK), 19th March 2010, jointly organised by the West Midlands Regional Observatory and Regional Action West Midlands.
An Economic View of Environmental ProtectioneAmbiente
Robert N. Stavins
Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Conference on Sustainability in Manufacturing
Assoreca and the Green Economy Network
Assolombarda Auditorium, Milano
November 20, 2014
11/2014convegno su Green Economy e industria manifatturiera in Italia. Presen...Gabriella Foglio
Eccellente inquadramento della problematica "Sviluppo economico e protezione ambientale" da parte del Prof. Stavins/Harvard University. Uomo simpatico oltre che acuto
Delighted to be sharing this interactive, 10 practical action points for SMEs.
Developed by the Climate Change Forum of the Franco-British Chamber of Commerce in London, with key contributions from Renault, EDF Energy, Veolia and PwC, and initially exclusively shared with our members of the Chamber, before this summer 2016.
What are the revenue opportunities, costs and regulatory challenges, and business interruption risks? Exclusively with SMEs in mind.
Clink on the links within the leaflet for more independent sources, practical references and action lists.
Final Project (Real Estate 3400)1. Individual ProjectThe fiChereCheek752
Final Project (Real Estate 3400)
1. Individual Project:
The final project will be due on November 22th, before the Thanksgiving break on Blackboard.
You have to choose one among the following types of CMBS securities:
• Sequential Pay with three tranches
• Sequential Pay with three tranches with a Z-bond
• Floater / Inverse Floater
• PAC + Support Tranche
• TAC + Support Tranche
After that, build an excel model that will compute cash flows towards each tranche. The model will feature the following:
a) Customizable inputs for the following:
• Initial principal in each tranche (summing to total principal on the underlying mortgages)
• Maturity of the underlying loans in months
• Interest rate of the underlying loans
• Interest rate to investors in each tranche
• Servicing fee paid by the investors (same for each tranche)
• Prepayment assumption (PSA or constant CPR)
• Current market rate
b) User will input all the criteria in a) and be able to see the following update automatically:
• Amortization table for the underlying pool (initial principle, scheduled payments, prepayments, scheduled principal, interest)
• Servicing fee of each tranche
• Cash flow of each tranche
• Investor valuation for the security
c) An additional tab should include the following, fully annotated graphs (title + labeled axis)
• Initial principal of each tranche over time
• Total payments to each tranche
The grades will be awarded based on the following criteria:
· Accuracy: the spreadsheet should compute accurate cash flows for any inputs of the parameters above. The spreadsheets must necessarily be dynamic.
· User-Friendliness: it should be obvious where one should enter the parameters above and where to look for cash flows towards each tranche. Clearly state what type of security you chose.
Note: This is an individual project and intended for you to learn how to build a spreadsheet yourself from scratch. The use of a pre-made template or collaboration of any kind is strictly prohibited. It would be treated as plagiarism and duly measures would be taken against that.
Excel Functions That Might be Useful:
I. ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, AND DIVISION LOGIC
II. SUM() AND AVERAGE() FUNCTIONS
III. TRUE AND FALSE LOGIC
IV. IF() FUNCTION
V. AND() & OR() FUNCTIONS
VI. MAX() AND MIN() FUNCTIONS
VII. COUNTIF() AND COUNTA() FUNCTIONS
VIII. IRR() AND NPV() FUNCTIONS
Additional Excel Features:
1. DATA VALIDATION: Data Validation restricts the type of data or the values that users enter into a cell. So for instance, with Data Validation you can limit inputs in a given cell to a specific type of value (e.g. whole numbers only). You can also restrict inputs to only predetermined values (e.g. a drop-down menu with a specific list).
2. CONDITIONAL FORMATTING: Conditional Formatting allows you to create a custom look for certain cells (or the entire model) based on user inputs.
3. DATA TABLE: The Data table feature is a feature in Excel t ...
Put together by
Camille Maxwell, Director of Northeast Shores Development Corporation
Sammy Catania, Development Manager, Tremont West Development Corporation
Ben Campbell, Buciness Development DIrector, Slavic Village Development Corporation
Deepa Vedavyas, Associate Director for Development, Buckeye Area Development Corporation
Matt Lasko, Housing DIrector, Detroit Shoreway Community Development Organization
Jeff Ramsey, Executive DIrector, Detroit Shoreway Community Development Organization
Anthony Whitfield, Economic Development DIrector, Fairfax Renaissance Development Corporation
Green or Green-Wash? Lessons from building North America’s greenest hotelMaRS Discovery District
Speaker: Tom Rand, MaRS Advisor and Cleantech Practice Lead
Buildings are responsible for more than half of urban carbon emissions. Greening our buildings is clearly a cleantech priority - but what does "green" mean? Which technologies work, and which are window-dressing? What's possible by economic argument alone? This talk will take you through the technologies, decisions and problems of transforming a derelict building on our very own College Street into a modern, clean and green hotel. By "green" we mean an 80 per cent reduction of carbon emissions from business as usual. Planet Traveler will be "North America's Greenest Hotel." Planet Traveler: green, or green-washed?
Part of the MaRS Best Practices Series. For more information, including video, please see the event page here: http://www.marsdd.com/Events/Event-Calendar/Best-Practices-Series/green-hotel-06092009.html
Presentation by Oliver Nicholls on how the West Midlands Regional Observatory can help the third sector as a source of evidence for funding applications. This presentation was given at 'Better evidence... better funding bids', an event held in Birmingham (UK), 19th March 2010, jointly organised by the West Midlands Regional Observatory and Regional Action West Midlands.
Chart showing the percentage of people in the West Midlands that are very or fairly satisified with local theatres, concert halls, libraries, sport and leisure facilities, parks and open spaces, museums and galleries compared with the England average.
Brian Higgs, Corporate GIS Manager at Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council, shows some examples of geographical information systems (GIS) being used to inform delivery of public services and in a wide range of business sectors.
Tim Martin on Ordnance Survey's OS OpenSpace. This presentation was given at the Geographical Information Day in Birmingham, 18th November 2009, hosted by the West Midlands Regional Observatory.
Sophia Ireland, Youth & Schools Campaigner at Oxfam, demonstrating Oxfam's interactive website 'mapping our world'. This presentation was given at a Geographical Information Day held in Birmingham, 18th November 2009, hosted by the West Midlands Regional Observatory.
Ruth Totterdell highlights the Geographical Assocation's resources for teachers. This presentation was given at the Geographical Information Day in Birmingham, 18th November 2009, hosted by the West Midlands Regional Observatory.
Andy Robinson presents OpenStreetMap, an open initiative to create and provide free geographical data such as street maps to anyone who wants them. This presentation was given at the Geographical Information Day in Birmingham, 18th November 2009, hosted by the West Midlands Regional Observatory.
Andrew Hermann, who leads the Enterprise and Innovation Team at the West Midlands Regional Observatory, gave this overview of some of the Observatory's work on measuring innovation in the West Midlands and benchmarking performance against other English regions. This presentation was given at the Observatory's Annual Conference on 20th October 2009.
Brian MacAulay, Director of the Innovation Index at NESTA, gave this presentation at a workshop on 'innovating out of recession' held at the West Midlands Regional Observatory's Annual Conference, 20th October 2009.
Cliff Dennett from thoughtengine gave this presentation in a workshop on 'innovating out of recession' at the West Midlands Regional Observatory's Annual Conference, 20th October 2009.
Presentation by John Lee, Economic Inclusion Panel co-ordinator, on how the UK's West Midlands region is responding to the challenges of unemployment, and opportunities for moving forward. This presentation was given at a workshop held at the West Midlands Regional Observatory's Annual Conference, 20th October 2009.
Helena Duignan, Senior Research Analyst at the West Midlands Regional Observatory, presents on how the recession has impacted upon the population of the UK's West Midlands region. This presentation was given at a workshop held at the Observatory's Annual Conference, 20th October 2009.
Tim Warner of the Jericho Foundation on how they have worked in Birmingham with some of the most excluded groups to increase their skills and help them into work. Tim talks of the opportunity to link work on energy efficiency with providing local employment. This presentation was given to a workshop at the West Midlands Regional Observatory Annual Conference, 20th October 2009.
Key findings from the West Midlands Regional Skills Assessment 2009 delivered to a workshop at the the West Midlands Regional Observatory's Annual Conference in Sutton Coldfield, 20th October 2009. The Assessment covers historical trends, current skills needs and future priorities. This was a joint pesentation by Pat Jackson, Director of the West Midlands Regional Skills Partnership, and Andy Phillips, Head of Skills Research at the Observatory.
A view on how to value the environment when developing policy by John Walker, Senior Research Analyst at the West Midlands Regional Observatory. This presentation was given as part of the 'environment and economy' workshop at the Observatory's Annual Conference, 20th October 2009
A presentation on the leadership challenges faced in the West Midlands within sustainable development and the environment by Dr Simon Slater, Executive Director, Sustainability West Midlands. This presentation was given as part of the 'environment and economy' workshop at the Observatory's Annual Conference, 20th October 2009.
An explanation of the economic benefits of good green infrastructure by Bill Heslegrave, Regional Director, Forestry Commission. This presentation was given in the 'economy and environment' workshop at the West Midlands Regional Observatory's Annual Conference, 20th October 2009.
Rosie Paskins, Chief Executive of the West Midlands Regional Observatory, highlights the Observatory's work over the last year and launches the State of the Region Report 2009. This presentation was given at the Observatory's Annual Conference in Sutton Coldfield, 20th October 2009.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
Evidence based climate change policy: Six tricky challenges
1. Evidence based climate change policy Roger Levett Levett Therivel Sustainability Consultants A presentation given at State of the Region: Implications of Climate Change event, 20 April 2009. This presentation forms part of the Observatory’s ongoing State of the Region dialogue between policy makers and researchers on the theme of climate change.
2. Presentation for West Midlands Regional Observatory Evidence based climate change policy: Six tricky challenges Roger Levett Partner, Levett-Therivel sustainability consultants [email_address]
3.
4. 1: We’ve got the evidence: now where’s the policy? Evidence already overwhelming that unless we cut greenhouse emissions deeply, fast, soon, irreversible catastrophic climate change will almost certainly become unpreventable. Establishing more precisely how deeply, fast, soon, catastrophic, unpreventable etc must not be a pretext for delaying action. Top priority: get decisions less inconsistent with what we already know. Levett-Therivel
5.
6. Block the excuses and evasions Amounts, not efficiency Improving energy efficiency is only a means. It saves little if people use more energy services (because they are cheaper) or spend money they save on other energy-intensive activities (eg flights). Data and evidence should concentrate on what actually matters: total emissions. Responsibility, not location . One estimate is that 1/3 of China’s carbon is producing goods for export – ie for us. Report footprint on a responsibility basis: inc imports, exc exports. Levett-Therivel
7. Block the excuses and evasions Take responsibility, don’t buy indulgences Carbon offsetting potentially powerful, but most current trading is a sham or scam, giving profits to polluters and traders and excusing inaction. Define and police valid (ie certain, genuine, timely, additional) offsets. Reality check . Politicians appeal to possible future technical fixes and trading to avoid taking climate-responsible decisions now. Report reality: eg that planned aviation expansion would take up between half of all other UK 2050 emissions and twice them. Levett-Therivel
8. 2: Evidence is asymmetric Easier to get robust convincing evidence about short term, private interest consequences: eg new jobs from out of town retail park. Harder to ‘prove’ longer term, public interest consequences: eg jobs lost from town centre shops, more car trips, disadvantage to carless: indirect, longer term, multi-causal, contingent on other factors. Don’t downplay public interest consequences because they are harder to measure. Levett-Therivel
9.
10. Misleading case: Barker on IKEA ‘ [IKEA expansion] also had potential to lower long-distance drive times: over 30% customers drove > 2 hours due to lack of local stores.’ Yes, some of them will probably drive less far. But more people will drive to the new IKEAs … And more still will have to when new IKEAs have killed their town centre competitors. (No attempt to compare + and - effects.) Levett-Therivel
11. Misleading case: Barker on IKEA ‘… despite some local authorities wanting to attract to their area.’ Doesn’t mean more IKEAs makes UK better - merely that if you’re going to get the disbenefits anyway, you may as well try to get benefits too. ‘ IKEA has now changed its business model, making a major retailer cause less traffic and inequity is a success ! but this may lead to higher construction and operating costs and lower capital returns …’ ie lower multinational profits, better communities, buildings, lower externalities. This too is success ! Levett-Therivel
12. 3: Environmental limits value laden Can’t just ‘read off’ environmental capacities from nature because of (a) Empirical uncertainty: eg how much difference will water abstraction make to river? (some years flows will be low anyway); (b) Values: eg how much stress is acceptable? (c) Decisions: eg how much should Birmingham rely on importing more Welsh water? Apply environmental limits through explicit debate and decision about the judgments. (Rule of thumb: don’t make worse things that are already bad. (Eg greenhouse emissions) Levett-Therivel
13. 4: The snare of monetary valuation Often claimed: to decide which carbon reducing actions are worth taking, must compare their benefits and costs with alternative uses of the resources. Money is the common ‘currency’. BUT: (a) Implies climate security is tradable for any other (monetisable) benefits: OK to trash environment provided we get enough growth; (b) Valuation depends on willingness to pay for an environmental good / accept compensation for its loss. This depends on ability to pay / forego money: ie the rich have more clout. Levett-Therivel
14. Valuation isn’t needed We don’t need £ signs to make decisions. Should make a (value and science based) political decision how much carbon to save. Cost effectiveness (£ / tC saved) can help choose ways to do it. (Though non monetary side effects may be more important.) Can also use price incentives to influence behaviour – but again no need for valuation. Research cost effectiveness of carbon reduction methods, and effectiveness of prices, levies, tariffs etc in changing behaviour. No need for monetary valuation: don’t let it distract. Levett-Therivel
15. 5: The right efficiency measures Easy ‘factor 2s’ in transport Take a friend - halve fuel per passenger km Go half as far… - halve fuel per destination reached … half as often (eg combine errands) - halve fuel per errand Cycle or walk - ‘factor 100’? Don’t go at all - cut fuel per benefit gained Measure eco-efficiency of quality of life services, not of activity Levett-Therivel
16. Transport: what could UK save? Levett-Therivel Cycling, walking for half healthy minimum exercise: replace 10% of current driving: 90% Home work/e-shopping obviate 10% of trips: 80% Local decentralised services cut distances: 60% Local centres help multi-purpose trips: 40% Shift 40% of remaining trips from car to bus: 30% Increase occupancy (all vehicles) by 50%: 20% Improve average vehicle efficiency by 50%: 13% Renewable fuels for 13% (of current use): 0% Test and substantiate these guesstimates. And equivalents for (eg) energy in buildings.
21. Inefficient ‘efficiency’ Deregulated buses: useless competition on busy routes dissipates monopoly profits that could cross-subsidise feeder routes. ‘ Rationalised’ (= centralised) public services transfer costs to users driving, special buses / taxis, road building, obesity treatment … ‘ Externalising’ (= evading, dumping) costs is success for private businesses. But the public sector should promote whole system efficiency : eg more quality of life benefits per cost (including environmental cost). Levett-Therivel
22. Efficient ‘inefficiency’ Vienna City Council requires good tram service running before people move in to new satellite settlement. ‘ Inefficient’ for tram management - but efficient for broader aim of avoiding car dependence. Levett-Therivel Contrast Milton Keynes: room left for trams as soon as enough demand - but there never was. Promote whole system performance measures.
23. More car journeys More congestion Worse bus service Fewer bus passengers Less ticket income Bus safety worries More people buy cars Hostile road environment Once you have a car, driving is cheapest Car more attractive People avoid walking & cycling Drivers less bike-aware Unfitness, obesity School run Shops etc move to car-accessible locations More diffuse journey patterns Town centres degenerate People move to suburbs Longer journeys 6: Coping with interconnectedness When someone chooses car instead of bus … Levett-Therivel
24. Levett-Therivel Fewer car journeys Less congestion Better bus service More bus passengers More ticket income Buses feel safe Fewer people own cars Safer road environment More car hire / clubs hire/club removes perverse incentive Walking & cycling more attractive Drivers more bike-aware People fitter, healthier School walk Shops etc prefer sites accessible without car Less diffuse travel patterns Town centres lively, liveable People live in town Shorter journeys It could be like this instead …
25.
26. Need coordinated multiple actions Levett-Therivel Spatial patterns shorten & concentrate trips Local services good enough to obviate choice Good public transport Walking, cycling easy and safe Different attitudes and assumptions Car use restricted, expensive Each enables & is enabled by others
27. Not just transport. Biomass needs: Levett-Therivel Replace boiler with biomass fired Biomass boiler installers / maintainers Fuel stock, delivery Heat distribution system Customers for heat Biomass growers collectors Each only viable if the rest are in place
28.
29.
30.
31. Contact details Roger Levett Levett-Therivel sustainability consultants E [email_address] T 0117 973 2418 Web http://www.levett-therivel.co.uk/ John Walker Senior Research Analyst West Midlands Regional Observatory E [email_address] T +44 (0)121 202 3246 Web www.wmro.org Blog http://wmro.wordpress.com