Human Urinary System

1. URINARY
SYSTEM
Objectives
• Learn functions and
structure of Kidney
• Learn functions and
structure of Nephron
• Learn about Urinary
system Malfunctions

2. What are some
Functions of
Kidney?
Remove
remove waste
products from the
body
Balance
balance the
body's fluids
Release
release hormones
that regulate
blood pressure
Produce
produce an
active form of
vitamin D that
promotes strong,
healthy bones
Control
control the
production of red
blood cell

3. What is Structure of kidney?
• Kidney has a been shaped structure. If we cut the kidney
into two halves then the light coloured outer region is
called a CORTEX, next to the cortex is a darker coloured
region called a RENAL MEDULLA. Inside medulla there
are cone shaped structures called RENAL PYRAMID.
Inside a renal pyramid there are small tube like structures
called NEPHRON

4. Structure of Kidney

5. WHAT IS NEPHRON?
Functions of Nephron
 High blood pressure in glomerulus helps in filtration
of blood by removing water, nutrients and other
waste materials
 Proximal tubule reabsorbs ions, nutrients and water
and transport and transport it to the blood
 Loop of henle absorbs and required amount of
water
 In distal tubules calcium ions are absorbed and
potassium is created
 Collecting duct collects all the waste
Each of your kidneys is made up of about
a million filtering units called nephrons.
Each nephron includes a filter, called the
glomerulus, and a tubule.

6. What is the Structure of Nephron?
• Each nephron is composed of a renal corpuscle
(glomerulus within Bowman's capsule), a
proximal tubule (convoluted and straight
components), an intermediate tubule (loop of
Henle), a distal convoluted tubule, a connecting
tubule, and cortical, outer medullary, and inner
medullary collecting ducts.

7. .
STRUCTURE OF
NEPHRON

8. What are some
malfunctions of
Urinary
System?
• Examples of urinary disorders include cancers
of the urinary tract, incontinence (inability to
control urine flow), interstitial cystitis, kidney
stones, kidney failure, and urinary tract
infections. Common symptoms of urinary
disorders include abdominal, pelvic, or lower
back pain or discomfort; blood in the urine;
changes in the urine; difficulty producing urine;
fever and chills; frequent urination; leaking of
urine; and urgent need to urinate. Some urinary
disorders, such as infections, may develop
quickly, while others, such as cancer, develop
more slowly.

9. What are some
symptoms that
you have
Urinary
diseases?
Abdominal, pelvic or back pain that can be severe
Bloody or pink-colored urine (hematuria)
Cloudy urine
Fever and chills
General ill feeling
Leaking of urine
Pain or burning with urination (dysuria)
Unexplained weight loss
Urgent need to urinate

10. How do you
prevent Urinary
diseases?
Drink plenty of liquids, especially water. Drinking water helps
dilute the urine.
Drink
Try cranberry juice.
Try
Empty your bladder as soon as you feel the urge
Empty
Do daily pelvic floor exercises.
Do
Stop smoking.
Smoking
Avoid lifting.
Avoid
Lose excess weight.
Lose
Cut down on caffeine.
Cut down

11. THANK YOU
By : Obaid Yasir