This document summarizes a review article about the impacts of international agricultural investments on the economies of African rural populations. It discusses how lack of investment in agriculture has led to stagnating food production capacity. It argues that strategic agricultural investments from other countries can help reduce poverty by increasing productivity, employment, and food security. However, such foreign investments must be implemented through public-private partnerships and in a way that benefits local communities and protects their interests. The document examines how partnerships between public policy and private investments can most effectively support agricultural development in African nations.
The Effect of Commercial Banks Credit on Agricultural Sector’s Contribution t...ijtsrd
This study is an analysis of the effect of commercial banks’ credit to agriculture on the agricultural sector’s contribution to Nigerian real gross domestic product from 1986 to 2020. Specifically, this study ascertained the effect of commercial banks’ credit to agriculture, inflation rate and interest rate on the agricultural sector’s contribution to real gross domestic product. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag ARDL was the econometric tool of analysis employed using data sourced from the statistical bulletins of the Central Bank of Nigeria CBN . The findings of this study in its totality unveiled statistically that commercial banks’ credit to agriculture does not affect the sector’s contribution to real gross domestic product. In the light of the findings, there is a critical need for commercial banks to increase loans to agricultural enterprises through a reduction in interest rate charge for agricultural purposes, which in turn permits for greater economic growth and development. The Central Bank of Nigeria can encourage this through a reduction in the monetary policy rate which inflicts the high interest rate charged by the commercial banks. The Central Bank of Nigeria can also appeal to the commercial banks to reduce their collateral requirements to encourage more farmers, especially the rural farmers to have access to finance for agricultural production. Dr. (Mrs) Victoria Obi-Nwosu | Amalachukwu Chijindu Ananwude | Chisom Njideka Ezeaku "The Effect of Commercial Banks Credit on Agricultural Sector’s Contribution to Real Gross Domestic Product: Evidence from Nigeria 1986 to 2020" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49229.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/49229/the-effect-of-commercial-banks-credit-on-agricultural-sector’s-contribution-to-real-gross-domestic-product-evidence-from-nigeria-1986-to-2020/dr-mrs-victoria-obinwosu
Challenges and Prospects of Agribusiness in Nigeria The Missing Linkijtsrd
For about three decades, the Nigerian government had initiated many policies and programs aimed at restoring the agricultural sector to its prominent position in the economy. However, various efforts to encourage investment and export diversification in the agricultural sector have not yielded favorable results. Great potential for investments and export diversification to generate higher economic growth remained untapped, as a result of challenges in the agricultural sector which have to be nipped in the bud. Therefore, this study identified these challenges and made recommendations to be implemented to remove these limitations in order to accelerate the achievement of economic growth and sustainable development in the country. The identified challenges or limitations consist of marketing problems, infrastructure deficiencies and unstable input and output prices. Measures to lift restrictions must include improvements in downstream commodity activities, environmental management, increased financing and efficiency in agricultural spending. The government should wake up and invest in infrastructure, and such investment must ensure infrastructure development in both urban and rural areas. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba | Chukwunonso Chukwudi Okoli "Challenges and Prospects of Agribusiness in Nigeria: The Missing Link" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50510.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/50510/challenges-and-prospects-of-agribusiness-in-nigeria-the-missing-link/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Agriculture in Developing Countries
Investigating the Role of the Cultivated Banana Value Chain as a Potential Source of Sustainable Income for Local Communities in Lao PDR
Demonstration of Improved Banana (William-1 Variety) Production and Commercialization in Nyanghtom District of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Cheese Price Softening in the U.S.: Determining Effects from Excessive Cheese in the Market
Impact of Farmer Producer Organizations on Price and Poverty Alleviation of Smallholder Dry Chillies Farmers in India
An Analysis of Agribusiness Digitalisation Transformation of the Sub-Saharan African Countries Small-Scale Farmers' Production Distribution
Does Informatization Cause the Relative Substitution Bias of Agricultural Machinery Inputs for Labor Inputs? Evidence from Apple Farmers in China
Resources Integration Theory and Gray Correlation Analysis: A Study for Evaluating China's Agri-food Systems Supply Capacity
Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Agriculture in Developing Countries
Investigating the Role of the Cultivated Banana Value Chain as a Potential Source of Sustainable Income for Local Communities in Lao PDR
Demonstration of Improved Banana (William-1 Variety) Production and Commercialization in Nyanghtom District of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Cheese Price Softening in the U.S.: Determining Effects from Excessive Cheese in the Market
Impact of Farmer Producer Organizations on Price and Poverty Alleviation of Smallholder Dry Chillies Farmers in India
An Analysis of Agribusiness Digitalisation Transformation of the Sub-Saharan African Countries Small-Scale Farmers' Production Distribution
Does Informatization Cause the Relative Substitution Bias of Agricultural Machinery Inputs for Labor Inputs? Evidence from Apple Farmers in China
Resources Integration Theory and Gray Correlation Analysis: A Study for Evaluating China's Agri-food Systems Supply Capacity
Agripreneurship Development Strategy for Economic Recovery and Sustainable De...ijtsrd
Over dependence on crude oil for foreign exchange have led to the steady dwindle in the Agricultural sector performance which was Nigerias main stay prior to the oil boom in the 70s. Currently, Nigerias economy has continued to scuffle to retain its title Africas largest economy with the recent fluctuations in oil prices which have affected the economy negatively which is evident in the low standard of living, and the heightened increase in the cost of goods and services. There is an agreement among scholars that the Nigerian economy should be diversified through agriculture and that Agripreneurship could revamp the current economic situation of the nation. Therefore, increased Agricultural sector performance could lead to economic recovery and sustainable development. Despite the fact that a lot of sensitization programmes, workshops, seminars and presentations have been organized by private and government agencies and organizations also, polices and support Systems were created by the government both in the state and Federal levels so as to enhance the Agricultural sector, yet results from recent studies still indicate that the Agricultural sector performance in Nigeria is low. This indicates that perhaps Agripreneurship has not really been embraced and there are seemingly the existence of some bottlenecks or barriers which inhibit the increase in the Agricultural sector performance of the country, Agriculture is still practiced in subsistence level. Accordingly, the thrust of this study is to explore agripreneurship development as a strategy for economic recovery and sustainable development. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba "Agripreneurship Development Strategy for Economic Recovery and Sustainable Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50314.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/50314/agripreneurship-development-strategy-for-economic-recovery-and-sustainable-development-in-nigeria/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
ASTI collects primary data for low- and middle-income countries through national institutional surveys and in recent years has collected detailed quantitative data on a large number of South Asian and sub-Saharan African countries. In efforts to fill some of the geographical gaps for other regions, ASTI has been collaborating with the GFAR, AARINENA, APAARI, CACAARI, FORAGRO and a network of national partners to collect additional data for the development of an accurate assessment of public agricultural R&D spending at the global level.
Visit the conference site for more information: http://www.egfar.org/gcard-2012
The Effect of Commercial Banks Credit on Agricultural Sector’s Contribution t...ijtsrd
This study is an analysis of the effect of commercial banks’ credit to agriculture on the agricultural sector’s contribution to Nigerian real gross domestic product from 1986 to 2020. Specifically, this study ascertained the effect of commercial banks’ credit to agriculture, inflation rate and interest rate on the agricultural sector’s contribution to real gross domestic product. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag ARDL was the econometric tool of analysis employed using data sourced from the statistical bulletins of the Central Bank of Nigeria CBN . The findings of this study in its totality unveiled statistically that commercial banks’ credit to agriculture does not affect the sector’s contribution to real gross domestic product. In the light of the findings, there is a critical need for commercial banks to increase loans to agricultural enterprises through a reduction in interest rate charge for agricultural purposes, which in turn permits for greater economic growth and development. The Central Bank of Nigeria can encourage this through a reduction in the monetary policy rate which inflicts the high interest rate charged by the commercial banks. The Central Bank of Nigeria can also appeal to the commercial banks to reduce their collateral requirements to encourage more farmers, especially the rural farmers to have access to finance for agricultural production. Dr. (Mrs) Victoria Obi-Nwosu | Amalachukwu Chijindu Ananwude | Chisom Njideka Ezeaku "The Effect of Commercial Banks Credit on Agricultural Sector’s Contribution to Real Gross Domestic Product: Evidence from Nigeria 1986 to 2020" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49229.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/49229/the-effect-of-commercial-banks-credit-on-agricultural-sector’s-contribution-to-real-gross-domestic-product-evidence-from-nigeria-1986-to-2020/dr-mrs-victoria-obinwosu
Challenges and Prospects of Agribusiness in Nigeria The Missing Linkijtsrd
For about three decades, the Nigerian government had initiated many policies and programs aimed at restoring the agricultural sector to its prominent position in the economy. However, various efforts to encourage investment and export diversification in the agricultural sector have not yielded favorable results. Great potential for investments and export diversification to generate higher economic growth remained untapped, as a result of challenges in the agricultural sector which have to be nipped in the bud. Therefore, this study identified these challenges and made recommendations to be implemented to remove these limitations in order to accelerate the achievement of economic growth and sustainable development in the country. The identified challenges or limitations consist of marketing problems, infrastructure deficiencies and unstable input and output prices. Measures to lift restrictions must include improvements in downstream commodity activities, environmental management, increased financing and efficiency in agricultural spending. The government should wake up and invest in infrastructure, and such investment must ensure infrastructure development in both urban and rural areas. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba | Chukwunonso Chukwudi Okoli "Challenges and Prospects of Agribusiness in Nigeria: The Missing Link" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50510.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/50510/challenges-and-prospects-of-agribusiness-in-nigeria-the-missing-link/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Agriculture in Developing Countries
Investigating the Role of the Cultivated Banana Value Chain as a Potential Source of Sustainable Income for Local Communities in Lao PDR
Demonstration of Improved Banana (William-1 Variety) Production and Commercialization in Nyanghtom District of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Cheese Price Softening in the U.S.: Determining Effects from Excessive Cheese in the Market
Impact of Farmer Producer Organizations on Price and Poverty Alleviation of Smallholder Dry Chillies Farmers in India
An Analysis of Agribusiness Digitalisation Transformation of the Sub-Saharan African Countries Small-Scale Farmers' Production Distribution
Does Informatization Cause the Relative Substitution Bias of Agricultural Machinery Inputs for Labor Inputs? Evidence from Apple Farmers in China
Resources Integration Theory and Gray Correlation Analysis: A Study for Evaluating China's Agri-food Systems Supply Capacity
Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Agriculture in Developing Countries
Investigating the Role of the Cultivated Banana Value Chain as a Potential Source of Sustainable Income for Local Communities in Lao PDR
Demonstration of Improved Banana (William-1 Variety) Production and Commercialization in Nyanghtom District of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Cheese Price Softening in the U.S.: Determining Effects from Excessive Cheese in the Market
Impact of Farmer Producer Organizations on Price and Poverty Alleviation of Smallholder Dry Chillies Farmers in India
An Analysis of Agribusiness Digitalisation Transformation of the Sub-Saharan African Countries Small-Scale Farmers' Production Distribution
Does Informatization Cause the Relative Substitution Bias of Agricultural Machinery Inputs for Labor Inputs? Evidence from Apple Farmers in China
Resources Integration Theory and Gray Correlation Analysis: A Study for Evaluating China's Agri-food Systems Supply Capacity
Agripreneurship Development Strategy for Economic Recovery and Sustainable De...ijtsrd
Over dependence on crude oil for foreign exchange have led to the steady dwindle in the Agricultural sector performance which was Nigerias main stay prior to the oil boom in the 70s. Currently, Nigerias economy has continued to scuffle to retain its title Africas largest economy with the recent fluctuations in oil prices which have affected the economy negatively which is evident in the low standard of living, and the heightened increase in the cost of goods and services. There is an agreement among scholars that the Nigerian economy should be diversified through agriculture and that Agripreneurship could revamp the current economic situation of the nation. Therefore, increased Agricultural sector performance could lead to economic recovery and sustainable development. Despite the fact that a lot of sensitization programmes, workshops, seminars and presentations have been organized by private and government agencies and organizations also, polices and support Systems were created by the government both in the state and Federal levels so as to enhance the Agricultural sector, yet results from recent studies still indicate that the Agricultural sector performance in Nigeria is low. This indicates that perhaps Agripreneurship has not really been embraced and there are seemingly the existence of some bottlenecks or barriers which inhibit the increase in the Agricultural sector performance of the country, Agriculture is still practiced in subsistence level. Accordingly, the thrust of this study is to explore agripreneurship development as a strategy for economic recovery and sustainable development. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba "Agripreneurship Development Strategy for Economic Recovery and Sustainable Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50314.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/50314/agripreneurship-development-strategy-for-economic-recovery-and-sustainable-development-in-nigeria/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
ASTI collects primary data for low- and middle-income countries through national institutional surveys and in recent years has collected detailed quantitative data on a large number of South Asian and sub-Saharan African countries. In efforts to fill some of the geographical gaps for other regions, ASTI has been collaborating with the GFAR, AARINENA, APAARI, CACAARI, FORAGRO and a network of national partners to collect additional data for the development of an accurate assessment of public agricultural R&D spending at the global level.
Visit the conference site for more information: http://www.egfar.org/gcard-2012
Agripreneurship Strategy for Wealth Creation and Sustainable Development in N...ijtsrd
Nigerias over dependence on crude oil for foreign exchange since the early 1970s has led to a gross decline in the performance of the agricultural sector, which was Nigerias mainstay before the oil boom. At present, the Nigerian economy continues to struggle to live up to its title as Africas largest economy, with recent fluctuations in oil prices having a negative impact on the economy, reflected in low living standards and rising costs of goods and services. Researchers agree that agripreneurship could improve Nigerias current economic situation. In other words, improved agricultural sector performance could lead to economic growth and sustainable development. Despite the fact that many educational programmes, workshops, seminars and presentations have also been organized by private and governmental bodies and organisations, strategies and support systems have been put in place by the government at both the state and federal levels to boost the agricultural sector, but only recently Studies still show that the performance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria is low. This indicates that agripreneurship may not have been fully embraced and that there appear to be some bottlenecks or limitations that are hampering the improvement of agricultural sector performance. Consequently, the focus of this study is to explore the agripreneurship strategy and its importance for economic growth and sustainable development in Nigeria. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba | Chukwunonso Chukwudi Okoli "Agripreneurship Strategy for Wealth Creation and Sustainable Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52483.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/52483/agripreneurship-strategy-for-wealth-creation-and-sustainable-development-in-nigeria/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
Stimulation of foreign resources into Nigeria is to transform the economy as neoclassical economics promised. Successive governments in Nigeria usually attract large inflows, yet, small proportion is usually distributed to the agricultural sector despite the importance of this sector and the need for such capital. This study therefore focuses on the policy implication of sectoral distribution of foreign capital for the agricultural sector in Nigeria. The main objective is to examine the contribution of foreign capital to growth in the agricultural sector. Secondary data are employed for analysis. The relevant data are obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Simple percentages, tables and charts are the tools of analysis, while regression and correlation techniques are the inferential statistical approaches applied. Findings show that distribution of capital inflow in Nigeria does not reflect theoretical position that capital should flow to sectors of need, particularly, where there are abundant raw materials. This theoretical postulation has not been upheld in Nigeria where capital inflow was found to be randomly distributed. This has had negative effect on the contribution of foreign capital to growth in agricultural sector. It is therefore recommended that government should pursue policies like tax holidays and production subsidies for foreign investments in the agricultural sector.
Empirical Assessment of the Nexus between Industrialization and Economic Grow...ijtsrd
The study examined the relationship between industrialization and the level of economic growth among nations in Africa from year 2013 to 2019. The study categorized African nations into five top industrialized nations and five least industrialized nations. Economic growth was proxy using Gross Domestic Product GDP and Per capita Gross Domestic Product GDP . Time series data on national GDP, population and level of industrialization were obtained from International Monetary Fund statistical data, the Worldometer and United Nation Industrial Development Organization UNIDO . By deploying the correlation statistics and t test aided by SPSS version 20, the study tested if there was any significant relationship between the mean GDP of the top five industrialized nations and the mean GDP of the least five industrialized nations. It further tested if there was any significance relation between the mean per capita GDP of the top five industrialized nations and the mean per capita GDP of the least five industrialized nations. Findings showed a high correlation between the mean GDP of the top five industrialized nations and the mean GDP of the least five industrialized nations. Again it was found that there is significance relationship between the mean per capita GDP of the top five industrialized nations and the mean per capita GDP of the least five industrialized nations. As both GDP and per capita GDP of both industrialized and least industrialized nations move in the same direction regardless of the level of industrialization, the study concluded that industrialization is yet to a significant relationship between GDP and per capita GDP of African nations. It was recommended, among other things, that African nations should make and implement policies that will unlock the effect of industrialization on the level of their GDPs and per capita GDPs. Ezeala George | Okeke Ijeoma "Empirical Assessment of the Nexus between Industrialization and Economic Growth of Nations: The African Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53985.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/53985/empirical-assessment-of-the-nexus-between-industrialization-and-economic-growth-of-nations-the-african-perspective/ezeala-george
The project main ambition is to empower small farmers in Eritrea through micro-financing and micro-ensurance project, associated with business technical cooperation. It main goal is to help reduce poverty in the country, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Being agriculture the principal economic activity in Eritrea, and giving the low resources from domestic funding,the proposal is developed through a serie of strategies that could ally Private Sector Window to demands. Considering risks, IDA is necessary for mitigation and secure markets and investments. Target audience are MDBs, Private Sector and Public Sector.
With a new decade just around the corner, the future has never been brighter for the agriculture industry.. The integration of the agricultural supply chain is adding value to the entire sector, and rapid development in emerging markets such as those of Latin America has had a tremendous impact on production. Demand for agricultural goods continues to rise, especially in Asian markets, and changing dynamics in developed markets like the US and the EU are reshaping the face of the industry. As we enter the 2020's, there has never been a better time to pursue opportunities in the agricultural sector.
Nonetheless, the industry also faces unprecedented challenges. The global population is rising like never before, and urbanization is rapidly changing the world's demographic landscapes, especially in emerging markets, all while the total area of farmland is diminishing. These factors have put tremendous pressure on agricultural sector to lead the effort to advance global food security through new technology, optimized farm practices, and strategic investment.
In Farmfolio's Ag Investor Guide, you will learn about the trends that are shaping the future of the industry, along with the regions, commodities, and technologies that are drawing the attention of investors. The guide offers a wealth of information about the agricultural sector that will leave investors well-equipped to enter the new decade.
Prof. V. Okoruwa's presentation given the the Africa Agriculture Week.
The role of agriculture in an economy is a major factor in determining the economy‟s state of development (Hazell and Diano, 2005). Most African countries are mainly agrarian since agriculture contributes immensely to their economies. Agriculture‟s contribution to GDP in the Africa is between 30% and 40% on the average. The sector accounts for almost 60% of total export earnings in the continent, provides the dominant occupation for about 65% of Africa‟s population and has been growing on the average at about 3.3% each year since 2000 (IFPRI, 2009). Despite this impressive contribution of agriculture to Africa‟s economy, the sector remains largely under-developed. Most farmers are still at the subsistence level and small scale, having less than 2ha of land. The level of technology is also low, production remains weather-dependent and consequently, farmers‟ incomes are low. Poor market access, weak infrastructure and limited ability to influence government policy also characterize the sector (Quartey et al, 2012). Majority of Africa's agricultural population live in rural areas and the rural population comprises over 60% of the entire population. Further, over 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa are youths under the age of 30 years and about 65% of this number, work in subsistence agriculture. Rural agricultural workers are among the poorest in Africa with poverty rate averaged at about 50% (UN/ECA, 2010).
Agriculture has the potential to serve as a strong
On both a pilot and large-scale basis, Bangladesh has pioneered much of the safety-net approach to food security and has led in planning and developing much of the basis for longterm solutions to food security problems. I was in Professor Nurul Islam’s home for the fateful speech that, in certain respects, marked the inception of the nation, and I have continued to learn from Bangladesh through my friends and many visits over the last four decades. During that time span, the food security of Bangladeshis has increased immensely, but there is more to be done, obviously, and, fortunately, a way to do it.
Final project unlocking investment & finance in emerging markets and develo...Damian Attah
Nigeria's GDP has been growing in a slower pace compared to the population growth rate of 2.6%. The year-on-year budget deficit and the slow growth in government revenue has continued to constrain investment in critical social and physical infrastructure that will be needed to be on the path of economic growth. The ineffective fiscal framework and erosion of social trust in government spending has resulted to a tax to GDP ratio of less than 1% compared to the minimum requirement of 15% recommended for an emerging nation like Nigeria. The country's current debt profile of over $73billion and the allocation of 23% of the annual budget to debt servicing makes additional loans quite unsustainable. Funding the critical sectors that will create a transformative growth will require the crowding in of required financing from both the public and private sources and the unlocking of investment opportunities that will attract FDI, ODA and OOF finance. Posing as a government official that is exploring the option of attracting public, private and multilateral funding, the slides seeks to address the following:
(a) What are the estimated financing needs for the country’s development?
(b) Which sources of finance are available to you international and domestically, from both public and private sources?
(c) How will the country access these?
(d) How will you work with multilateral development banks to address barriers to accessing these sources of finance?
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Agripreneurship Strategy for Wealth Creation and Sustainable Development in N...ijtsrd
Nigerias over dependence on crude oil for foreign exchange since the early 1970s has led to a gross decline in the performance of the agricultural sector, which was Nigerias mainstay before the oil boom. At present, the Nigerian economy continues to struggle to live up to its title as Africas largest economy, with recent fluctuations in oil prices having a negative impact on the economy, reflected in low living standards and rising costs of goods and services. Researchers agree that agripreneurship could improve Nigerias current economic situation. In other words, improved agricultural sector performance could lead to economic growth and sustainable development. Despite the fact that many educational programmes, workshops, seminars and presentations have also been organized by private and governmental bodies and organisations, strategies and support systems have been put in place by the government at both the state and federal levels to boost the agricultural sector, but only recently Studies still show that the performance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria is low. This indicates that agripreneurship may not have been fully embraced and that there appear to be some bottlenecks or limitations that are hampering the improvement of agricultural sector performance. Consequently, the focus of this study is to explore the agripreneurship strategy and its importance for economic growth and sustainable development in Nigeria. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba | Chukwunonso Chukwudi Okoli "Agripreneurship Strategy for Wealth Creation and Sustainable Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52483.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/52483/agripreneurship-strategy-for-wealth-creation-and-sustainable-development-in-nigeria/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
Stimulation of foreign resources into Nigeria is to transform the economy as neoclassical economics promised. Successive governments in Nigeria usually attract large inflows, yet, small proportion is usually distributed to the agricultural sector despite the importance of this sector and the need for such capital. This study therefore focuses on the policy implication of sectoral distribution of foreign capital for the agricultural sector in Nigeria. The main objective is to examine the contribution of foreign capital to growth in the agricultural sector. Secondary data are employed for analysis. The relevant data are obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Simple percentages, tables and charts are the tools of analysis, while regression and correlation techniques are the inferential statistical approaches applied. Findings show that distribution of capital inflow in Nigeria does not reflect theoretical position that capital should flow to sectors of need, particularly, where there are abundant raw materials. This theoretical postulation has not been upheld in Nigeria where capital inflow was found to be randomly distributed. This has had negative effect on the contribution of foreign capital to growth in agricultural sector. It is therefore recommended that government should pursue policies like tax holidays and production subsidies for foreign investments in the agricultural sector.
Empirical Assessment of the Nexus between Industrialization and Economic Grow...ijtsrd
The study examined the relationship between industrialization and the level of economic growth among nations in Africa from year 2013 to 2019. The study categorized African nations into five top industrialized nations and five least industrialized nations. Economic growth was proxy using Gross Domestic Product GDP and Per capita Gross Domestic Product GDP . Time series data on national GDP, population and level of industrialization were obtained from International Monetary Fund statistical data, the Worldometer and United Nation Industrial Development Organization UNIDO . By deploying the correlation statistics and t test aided by SPSS version 20, the study tested if there was any significant relationship between the mean GDP of the top five industrialized nations and the mean GDP of the least five industrialized nations. It further tested if there was any significance relation between the mean per capita GDP of the top five industrialized nations and the mean per capita GDP of the least five industrialized nations. Findings showed a high correlation between the mean GDP of the top five industrialized nations and the mean GDP of the least five industrialized nations. Again it was found that there is significance relationship between the mean per capita GDP of the top five industrialized nations and the mean per capita GDP of the least five industrialized nations. As both GDP and per capita GDP of both industrialized and least industrialized nations move in the same direction regardless of the level of industrialization, the study concluded that industrialization is yet to a significant relationship between GDP and per capita GDP of African nations. It was recommended, among other things, that African nations should make and implement policies that will unlock the effect of industrialization on the level of their GDPs and per capita GDPs. Ezeala George | Okeke Ijeoma "Empirical Assessment of the Nexus between Industrialization and Economic Growth of Nations: The African Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53985.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/53985/empirical-assessment-of-the-nexus-between-industrialization-and-economic-growth-of-nations-the-african-perspective/ezeala-george
The project main ambition is to empower small farmers in Eritrea through micro-financing and micro-ensurance project, associated with business technical cooperation. It main goal is to help reduce poverty in the country, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Being agriculture the principal economic activity in Eritrea, and giving the low resources from domestic funding,the proposal is developed through a serie of strategies that could ally Private Sector Window to demands. Considering risks, IDA is necessary for mitigation and secure markets and investments. Target audience are MDBs, Private Sector and Public Sector.
With a new decade just around the corner, the future has never been brighter for the agriculture industry.. The integration of the agricultural supply chain is adding value to the entire sector, and rapid development in emerging markets such as those of Latin America has had a tremendous impact on production. Demand for agricultural goods continues to rise, especially in Asian markets, and changing dynamics in developed markets like the US and the EU are reshaping the face of the industry. As we enter the 2020's, there has never been a better time to pursue opportunities in the agricultural sector.
Nonetheless, the industry also faces unprecedented challenges. The global population is rising like never before, and urbanization is rapidly changing the world's demographic landscapes, especially in emerging markets, all while the total area of farmland is diminishing. These factors have put tremendous pressure on agricultural sector to lead the effort to advance global food security through new technology, optimized farm practices, and strategic investment.
In Farmfolio's Ag Investor Guide, you will learn about the trends that are shaping the future of the industry, along with the regions, commodities, and technologies that are drawing the attention of investors. The guide offers a wealth of information about the agricultural sector that will leave investors well-equipped to enter the new decade.
Prof. V. Okoruwa's presentation given the the Africa Agriculture Week.
The role of agriculture in an economy is a major factor in determining the economy‟s state of development (Hazell and Diano, 2005). Most African countries are mainly agrarian since agriculture contributes immensely to their economies. Agriculture‟s contribution to GDP in the Africa is between 30% and 40% on the average. The sector accounts for almost 60% of total export earnings in the continent, provides the dominant occupation for about 65% of Africa‟s population and has been growing on the average at about 3.3% each year since 2000 (IFPRI, 2009). Despite this impressive contribution of agriculture to Africa‟s economy, the sector remains largely under-developed. Most farmers are still at the subsistence level and small scale, having less than 2ha of land. The level of technology is also low, production remains weather-dependent and consequently, farmers‟ incomes are low. Poor market access, weak infrastructure and limited ability to influence government policy also characterize the sector (Quartey et al, 2012). Majority of Africa's agricultural population live in rural areas and the rural population comprises over 60% of the entire population. Further, over 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa are youths under the age of 30 years and about 65% of this number, work in subsistence agriculture. Rural agricultural workers are among the poorest in Africa with poverty rate averaged at about 50% (UN/ECA, 2010).
Agriculture has the potential to serve as a strong
On both a pilot and large-scale basis, Bangladesh has pioneered much of the safety-net approach to food security and has led in planning and developing much of the basis for longterm solutions to food security problems. I was in Professor Nurul Islam’s home for the fateful speech that, in certain respects, marked the inception of the nation, and I have continued to learn from Bangladesh through my friends and many visits over the last four decades. During that time span, the food security of Bangladeshis has increased immensely, but there is more to be done, obviously, and, fortunately, a way to do it.
Final project unlocking investment & finance in emerging markets and develo...Damian Attah
Nigeria's GDP has been growing in a slower pace compared to the population growth rate of 2.6%. The year-on-year budget deficit and the slow growth in government revenue has continued to constrain investment in critical social and physical infrastructure that will be needed to be on the path of economic growth. The ineffective fiscal framework and erosion of social trust in government spending has resulted to a tax to GDP ratio of less than 1% compared to the minimum requirement of 15% recommended for an emerging nation like Nigeria. The country's current debt profile of over $73billion and the allocation of 23% of the annual budget to debt servicing makes additional loans quite unsustainable. Funding the critical sectors that will create a transformative growth will require the crowding in of required financing from both the public and private sources and the unlocking of investment opportunities that will attract FDI, ODA and OOF finance. Posing as a government official that is exploring the option of attracting public, private and multilateral funding, the slides seeks to address the following:
(a) What are the estimated financing needs for the country’s development?
(b) Which sources of finance are available to you international and domestically, from both public and private sources?
(c) How will the country access these?
(d) How will you work with multilateral development banks to address barriers to accessing these sources of finance?
Similar to Evaluation of the Impacts of International Agricultural Investments on the Economy of African Rural Populations A Concise Review (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
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investments in agriculture, can be enhanced when
there is supporting governance structure and capacity
that drives on the principles of host community
inclusion. Thus, as would be seen, host communities
play major roles in the stability of foreign agricultural
investments, and as such are stakeholders with
significant interests that must be protected.
Further, national food security and human nutritional
policies are crucial to modern society development,
and reduction of poverty. In response to this,
investment in agriculture from foreign sources has
been seen to be an effective poverty reduction
strategy in both developed and developing nations,
the difference being that in developed nations food
and nutritional policies have been taken care of by
standard political and administrative framework that
has not only provided for its advancements given the
structural needs of balancing natural growth
tendencies with practical realities.
In addition to the foregoing, in a study by [1] for the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, it was projected that by 2050 world
population would have hit 9 billion people. It is
interesting to note that the report [1] observed that
most of the persons that would be added to the current
population would be in developing countries where
life is at the lowest due to hunger, starvation,
degradation of natural resources and armed conflicts.
It could thus be safely posited that a clear solution to
these conditions lies with foreign sponsored
investments that has the capability to protection
foreign investment interests. If this applies, how then
can the impact and consequences of these foreign
investment be measured given the fact that all
parameters may not be well defined as suggested in
the report.
Thus, as a measure of the impact of foreign direct
investment on agriculture on the rural persons living
in Africa, the initiative should be viewed as an
intervention that must necessarily create opportunities
for rural farmers to access the same types of
seedlings, improved tubers, and other forms of
extension services. Further, these benefits should also
impact local productivity thus resulting increasing
food yields, new employments in agriculture and
allied businesses, reduction in poverty and any other
form of social deprivation, new technology
generation, incubation and strategic knowledge
transfers, unlimited or diversified access to
agriculture investment financing and produce markets
in addition to many other benefits discussed [2] and
[3].
The foregoing notwithstanding, investments of this
nature must be dependent on factors that are crucially
incidental to the nature and characteristics of the
business models to which the investment is designed
or modeled to be sustained on; it would also depend
on the stakeholder’s interests and participations, host
community or their nation’s institutional policy
framework. In this line of reasoning, some schools of
thought have maintained that the larger the foreign
investments, the more the impact on the host
communities, [4] especially, in the area of land
acquisition. Further, it should be noted also that such
complex transactions largely have issues of
transactional challenges, which take up the shape of
social, political, economic and environmental
concerns [1].
2. Complementary Relationship between Foreign
Agricultural Investments and Domestic Food
Security in Africa
It is imperative to mention that a symbiotic
relationship exist between diaspora investments in
domestic agriculture and the food security policy of
that investment, as has been seen in places like
Mozambique, Uganda, and Tanzania. According to
World Bank Report as discussed by [5], which are in
all force with the [6] Report, a nexus exist between
food security and foreign investment in domestic food
production. In this regard, the most strategic
importance of investment in agriculture is poverty
reduction for rural and urban dwellers. Consequently,
under the [6] Report, development is presented as a
universal challenge and not just a developing
country’s enigma. Thus, under this view, and
especially for the African continent, development is a
collective responsibility for all and by all [7]. This
opinion is due to the fact that underdevelopment in
one country can negatively impact on the
development in another country in many ways than
one.
In the foregoing regard, these two Reports jointly
observe that the poorest of persons within the African
continent live within these rural environments. The
implication of this finding is that foreign direct
investment (FDI) targeted at African rural places
where arable lands are not contaminated and are most
of the time affordable, should also encapsulate a
social policy that goes beyond food security. This is
to say, the lives of rural dwellers should not be made
worse by the presence of foreign investors in
agricultural business. As a known fact, every strategic
investment in agriculture is a calculates step towards
poverty reduction and food availability, it also
enhances income generation and personal
productivity. According to [1], when productivityhas
been assured, other goods and services aligned to that
product would also witness opportunities for growth.
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It could thus be safely stated that a well-articulated
investment in agriculture has multiple strings that are
capable of generating more investment opportunities
in allied businesses, thus creating employment for
rural dwellers and enhancing their economic fortunes.
These are practical benefits and impacts of foreign
investments in agriculture. Further, in addition to
creating employment opportunities, foreign
investments also create demands for rural goods and
services which were previously not there before the
foreign investment. In view of the foregoing, it can be
affirmed that increased investment in agriculture
whether by foreign directive investment or local
investments from savings of subsistent farmers have
impacted significant on the general nature and
characteristics of agricultural benefits.
Thus, it was argued in [8] that rates of return on
agriculture R&D found that due to its multi-
dimensional benefits, investment in agriculture
guarantees food and human nutrition security. This
means that the productivity that results this food
security also ensures food availability in the right
quantity and quality. The further consequence of this
impact on agricultural investment is the direct benefit
of maintaining low price of food, thus making it
available to consumers within the rural and urban
environment [8].
In addition to the foregoing, the lower price resulting
in investment in agricultural produce also enhances a
wide variety of choices in terms of food consumption.
This implies investment in a particular crop will result
various other auxiliary services including other
related crops that supplements or complements its
use. For instance, an investment in a staple food such
as yam would consequentially bring about many other
associated products, such as pepper, cooking oils,
vegetable leafs, etc. This array of products from
large-scale cultivation of yam also means the
integration of processing and preservation of that
associated produce. The consequence of this
impactful investment is that jobs will be created
alongside each stage of the processing, preservation,
distribution, logistics, and all other forms of value
addition that are incidental to the production of yam.
Secondly, increased investment in agricultural
produce means that there would be alternatives to
choose from; thus expanding the scope of nutrients
that the consumer can utilize in his diet [9].
It should further be noted that investment into
agriculture can enhance food availabilityto the extent
of stability, such that both human and natural
emergencies may not be able to create any form of
imbalance in terms of food availability and supplies
in situations of artificial or natural shocks [1].
Further, it is unarguable that the inability to invest in
agriculture in the past; is the reason for global food
shortages, hunger, and starvation resulting in
malnutrition, sicknesses, and deaths. Consequently,
this insufficient funding in agriculture has resulted
monumental stagnation in food production while
national and global populations are on the rise. This
paper finds that investments in agricultural sector of
any national economy should be on long-term
strategic planning that takes population growth into
consideration. For instance, the FAO in their 2012
Report has projected that by 2050, 9 billion persons
will be living on planet earth. In view of this
projection, every nation in Africa ought to embark on
long-term investment planning, with respect to the
extent of investment they are required to make in
agriculture in preparation for this future global
population.
Sequel to the foregoing, the study observed that
foreign investments in agriculture are usually
considered to fall within the range of mechanized
farming. This implies that very expensive produce
processing equipment and plants are integrated into
the process of the production system. This production
system also involves many other forms of capital,
such as social, economic, land, water, environmental
and general goodwill. Thus, the views in [10], posited
that, a balanced integration of these named capitals
has a way of reducing poverty and bringing down the
number of malnourished persons.
Consequently, major schools of thought that aligned
with the FAO Report agree that integration of these
capital resources in a balanced manner do not only
support efficiency but also preserve natural and
human resources, if the foreign or local investments
could be done in a sustainable manner, that ensures
incremental growth of investment alongside
population increase. In this regard, [10], observed that
long term incremental investments that are
sustainable require more funding than is presently
done. This directly imply that investments into
agriculture that involves foreign and local funding
must require that such high funding should not
indirectly result higher costs of production and
consequent rise in goods produced. Further, such food
production should be based on policies of
preservation and enhancing of the applicable
conditions of natural resources for long term
improvement.
The foregoing view are predicated on large funding
for agricultural business and also implies that since
private investments may not be able to cover the
entire funding requirement, there is a clear need for
public funding intervention and participation. This
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investment initiative will not only revamp the sector
but will result a turnaround of the downward trend in
global food production. In order to indicate the
seriousness of this situation, [11] observed that
budgetary provisions for agriculture in developing
countries has dwindled to about 7% averagely, with
some African countries recording lesser investments.
Consequently, investments in agriculture have been
shown to be inadequate in developing countries and
other places where it has been shown to be on a
downward trend; and even towards stagnation in
communities of high poverty and hunger rates [6].
Consequent on the foregoing, public policy makers all
over the world have reviewed their interests towards
increased funding or integration of international
investments for agricultural development into local
policy frameworks. In this regard, this reawakening
of policy stakeholders to the many responsibilities of
agriculture has thus resulted increased interest in
support of the agricultural sector, which in turn has
created avenues for preparation in respected of
resulting multifaceted challenges. Thus, investments
from public resources do not only guarantee the direct
involvement of government but enables the
government to ensure that all relevant or necessary
conditions that will enable the development of the
sector are in place. Such conditions as the legal and
economic environment, security and common welfare
of farm workers, access to financial capital, opening
up of private investments to public participation.
In view of the foregoing, it is noteworthy to mention
that it is incumbent on public policy makers to create
opportunities for content creation value chains. This
will define the procedure for private participation as
more ably represented in the submissions below.
3. Public-Private Partnerships and Joint
Ventures in Agricultural Investment
In the previous section we have considered the
benefits of foreign investments in agriculture and
agro-allied businesses. This investment has been
shown to be the basis of poverty reduction in some
developing countries within Africa. As has been
observed, public investment cannot solely sustain the
drive toward agricultural development. In this regard,
private investment is a necessity, especially where
public policy frameworks have been instituted to
support such initiatives. Consequently, investment by
farmers themselves into their farms accounts for
highest investment profile in agriculture or allied
business. As has been observed by [12], farmers in
rural and urban areas have been noted to be the
largest agricultural investors.
A case in point is the finding of [1], that annual
investment in agricultural stock is greater in respect
of private investment as compared to government
budgetary funding. The report observed that the ratio
of performance is 3:1 in favour of private sector
investment. This ratio indicates that there are allied
resources that are developed alongside these direct
investments in agriculture. It is further viewed that
farmers’ direct investments to expand their
production are significantly more crucial than all
other external contributory resources. This means that
an average farmer is his own success. To this end,
private ownership of farmers as a model of
agricultural business relies on the capability of the
investor to manage his resources based on his
personal strategies and objectives [1].
Further, the foregoing is also based on the availability
of resources and support from public authorities.
Further, it is also the duty of public regulatory
institutions to create or establish standard investment
conditions that will not only accommodate foreign
and local investment but also guarantee the survival
of such agriculture based investment during
downturns, or environmental and climatic changes. In
this vein, associated benefits such as research findings
and dissemination, extension services, subsidies on
improved seedlings, access to markets and other
related institutional enablement of global food
production, should be made available and affordable
to the farmers.
In view of the foregoing, the investment gaps that
have been identified cannot be easily filled by private
participation alone, hence the proposition for public-
private partnerships that would ensure that the public
policy objectives in respect of the use of agriculture
to create jobs and business in addition to using it as a
means solving problems of hunger, starvation and
deprivation. Further, it has been observed that private
agricultural investors are usually faced with high
landing rates from commercial banks, this account for
the reduced patronage within sub-Saharan Africa [1].
Consequently, farmers who attempted microfinance
loan facilities discovered that the loans are not
sufficient for the financial investments they
anticipated [13].
In order to solve the foregoing problems, suffice to
say that public-private partnership in agricultural
investment is a reassuring model in the sense that
foreign direct investments and commitments of donor
agencies are not sufficient without private
participation, especially where [11] observed that
international donor organizations have reduced their
donations made towards agricultural developments.
Further, owing to the downward trend in international
financial obligations and commitments, funding of
agricultural initiatives is also facing reduction. The
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practical implication of this economic crisis and its
phenomenal finding is that, economic growth
contributed by the agricultural and allied sectors is on
the decline even among highly industrialized nations.
This means that both private funding and institutional
public funding or investment cannot sustain such
agricultural investment for a long time as individual
funding would not be sufficient. This development
thus creates a need for public-private partnership in
the funding of food production symptoms. In this
regard [1] opined that foreign direct investment could
be developed to fill this investment gap. However as
has been observed, this proposition may not be
adequate to solve the problem hence the proposition
of this study that public-private partnership is a better
alternative to either foreign direct investment or
private funding from the farmers, since studies have
shown that domestic funding in agriculture are quite
higher than that of foreign direct investment [14]. It is
thus imperative to state that on account of current
economic downturn, international funding or
investment in agriculture is insufficient for
agricultural development, especially as the main
channel of funding.
However, it is important to state that incidental
benefits of such funding can be of immense
advantage to the development of the business. These
benefits are not limited to employment creation,
access to domestic and export markets, technology
generation and transfer, increased access to investible
capital, etc. In view of the foregoing, public-private
partnerships will not only sustain the investment, but
will also minimize the associated risks and
possibilities of investment losses, especially where
well thought out strategies are deployed to match
proper investment priorities and projects.
4. Supporting Structures for Institutionalization
of Public-Private Partnership Initiatives in the
Development of Agricultural Businesses
It should be stated that the institutionalization of
initiatives and programs geared towards public-
private partnership should serve as a springboard
towards the actualization of harmonious partnership
for agro-economic development of a nation state. In
view of this affirmation, it is important to understand
the relevance of this institutionalization on framework
in respect of agro-allied sector public-private
partnerships (PPP). In this regard, institutionalization
implies the establishment of public policy directly
incidental to clear public objectives and assignment
of powers and mandates to ensure the success or
progress of same. Thus, PPP is formed when a public
good is in consonance with a private entity. This
means that whether, the PPP model adopted is the
French styled ‘substitutive PPP’ (where it has been
the practice that the private partner replaces or
completely takes over the roles of the public partner)
or the German typed ‘collaborative partnership’
(which entails assignment of particular functions to
private partners on the basis of their specialization
and professionalism) as aveered by Piesre Sadran (ed.
www.britanica.com/topic/public-private-partnership
visited 2nd
June, 2022) 15
. It is instructive to state that
in both cases, public policies are either viewed as
government response to specific macro-economic
challenges within a country, or a response to global
reforms in the management of public concerns and
initiatives [16].
Consequent on the foregoing view, [17] asserted that
although there could be other possibilities, the central
reason for adoption of PPP arrangements to solve
domestic investment needs is that those partnerships
are in response to global pressures. In the same line of
reasoning [18] observed that PPP initiatives are
products of international pressures and as such, they
were intended to unify the process of integrating
private participations into public-oriented affairs, in
order to bring such practices within conformance to
new public management (NPM) of global reforms.
It is important to note that these initiatives are
currently adopted by various countries. Other schools
of thought have maintained that PPP is a form of
privatization and deregulation; and that they are
driven by government’s desire to integrate private
participation into public concerns using market forces
to determine the extent of provision of public
services. These views were canvassed by [18] and
supported by [19], who averred that the approach of
PPP is that which introduces “modernism by
reformation”. They pointed out that this motivational
approach would move agricultural production
organization into healthy competition that could
strategically enhance their production and further
investment into new technology development.
They further asserted that this PPP reformation
agenda is an attempt to lower the prices of
agricultural goods or products. Secondly the
reformation is also intended to carry out
environmentally standard technologies that
guarantees efficiencies and cost effectiveness.
Thirdly, the initiative is also designed to provide
economic empowerment by agricultural jobs creation
and development, in addition to other associated
benefits.
In view of the foregoing, it should be stated that
active support structures can be used in the drive for
institutionalizing of public and private partnership in
what is referred to as ‘Civic Market Ideology” which
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encapsulate the healthy compromises and socio-legal
mechanisms that creates the enabling environment for
agricultural businesses to thrive, especially in
situations where pressure exist for partner
organizations to reform their systems bymodernizing
the programs and procedures. The essence of this
drive is to increase efficiency, produce line
competition, transparent service delivery, corporate
accountability and improvement or advancement in
the use of technology [20].
Consequently, in countries where policy instruments
have been developed to take care of public policy
regulations with respect to leadership and
standardization of operational systems of the
regulatory institution, it was observed by [21], that
such systems have made some gains of production
success stories, which have resulted great changes in
the following core operational areas:
1. Significant changes in agricultural input
parameters and production processes, including
process performance and results evaluation,
administrative and operational transparency and
resource management and accountability.
2. Monumental changes arising from the
partnership, where there is evidence of better
seller-buyer arrangements, that were previously
unknown to public services operational
conditions.
3. Significant changes resulting from inert or
inoperative public support to high capacity
integration of private stakeholders. Thus
entrusting public good into private hands under
well regulated framework.
In view of the foregoing, agricultural business like
any other is an expanding venture with multiplied
attributes to such an extent that in an attempt to
produce food all processes involved can be monetized
and commercialized. For instance, even the leaves,
stems and roots of a harvested crop all contain
locked-up cash. Thus it takes proper and direct
research effort and agro-allied consultancy services to
unlock the trapped potentials of these by-products.
Further, in agriculture business nothing is a waste or
irrelevant, just that it has not been discovered.
Further, where the by-product does not meet the
requirement for food, they could be used in other
forms such as medicinal or health related purposes.
Further, although [22] study agree with [23] that PPP
has not been successful in all ramification and at
every nation of engagement, suffice to state that, their
measure of assessment is within the energy sector”,
which means that same cannot be said of PPP
investments in agriculture. Further, this volatile
nature of businesses in the oil sector makes it
vulnerable to fast changes for which majority of the
time results losses of investor funds and general loss
of confidence to reinvest.
5. Conclusion and Recommendation
In view of the foregoing, the study finds that with
rising global population surge and fixed food
production, there is bound to be a stagnation. This
will certainly imply that more persons will not have
access to food and nutritional benefits to keep them
alive. Thus, institutional polices are crucial to
sustainable food production and standard agricultural
practice. This imply that legal and administrative
framework are required to create the necessary work
environment that will enable proper investment in the
agricultural sector. This investment whether foreign
or local is only sustainable on the basis of supporting
governance structure and inclusive capacity building
that could be seen as a civil participatory policy of
government. Thus, public policy could be used to
solve issues of low food production.
The considered solution to this menace of food
shortage is thus anchored on the policy framework
that incorporates private funding into government
financial expenditure. In this regard, the method of
agricultural business to be embarked upon, should be
supportive of the policy of government or the funding
organization. The implication of this view is the fact
that an agricultural or food processing business model
that is not supported by public policy would find it
difficult to access capital and market opportunities
surrounding the policy framework for the type of
business.
In the foregoing regard, this study has considered the
issue of situating large conglomerated farms within
rural areas for purposes of access to large expanse of
land, cheap labour, low soil contamination and other
parameters of investment interest. In this regard, care
must be taken to ensure that all large investments in
agro-allied businesses within rural areas should
ensure strict compliance with public policies of
corporate social responsibility in respect of the host
communities. In addition, where PPP initiatives are
resorted to, the interest of local farmers must be
considered otherwise subsistent farming would be
eroded. This means that FDI intervention in the
agricultural sector should be a poverty alleviation
strategy and not a poverty creation and extension
plan.
In furtherance of the foregoing, institutionalization of
PPP programs appears to be a better alternative to
either private funding or public financing. All over
the world, governments tend not to do well in
managing businesses. This is due to public policy
framework that mandate office holders to work for
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50204 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2022 Page 908
the good of society and not to make profit from the
society. In view of this situation, the paper
recommends as follows:
1. Public policy makers are to generate ideas that
would enable them build structures or create the
enabling environment that can attract FDIs.
2. The physical impact of public policy on
agricultural development should be measurable to
show its benefits on the society.
3. Policy driven agricultural business models should
be in tandem with practices applicable to the rest
of the developed world.
4. Policy makers should always create a balance
between policy directions and available resources
and opportunities, in addition to current
applicable technology.
5. The government should invest on appropriate R &
D activities that will involve the adoption of
comparative practices from countries with better
food production systems and capacities.
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