World is pushing for EV solutions as part or removing the CO2 from cars, trucks, trains and ships. This presentation looks at different angles related to EV.

1. ElectricalVehicle –All
you need to know By: PaulYoung, CPA, CGA
Date: July 20, 2020

2. PaulYoung -
Bio • CPA, CGA
• Academia (PF1, FA4 and MS2)
• SME – Risk Management
• SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
• SME – Public Policy
• SME – EmergingTechnology
• SME – FinancialSolutions
• SME – Supply Chain Management
• SME – Planning and Forecasting
Contact information:
Paul_Young_CGA@Hotmail.com

3. Agenda
 Environmental Impact
 Electrical Car Market Size
 Electrical Car Raw Materials
 Electrical Car Battery Market
 Lithium
 Vanadium
 Cobalt vs Nickel
 Canada Lithium and Vanadium Development
 Plug-in Stations
 Manufacturers of Electrical Cars
 Scandinavia / Norway
 CO2 impact of Electrical Vehicle
 Blog – Electrical Vehicle Subsidies
 Electrical Vehicle Fire
 Illinois Registration
 California and Canada
 USA Electrical Vehicles
 Container Ships
 Comments

4. Introduction
 It is very important to look at different ways to control air pollution.
 Not enough is said about toxicity when it comes to mining, refining, fabricating,
installing and recycling of lithium and vanadium batteries
 There are issues with supporting plug-in stations
 Tax incentives to electrical cars is an issue, especially as people cry for money for
healthcare, education and welfare.

5. Environment
 Child Labor issues
 Profitability issues
 Battery production / emissions
 Cobalt (Hazardous material)
 Plug-in station requires fuel source (power generation)
Source - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/03/the-dirty-secret-of-electric-vehicles/ ,
https://www.plant.ca/sustainability/electric-vehicle-options-grow-but-profitability-challenges-are-limiting-190087/m
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesellsmoor/2019/05/20/are-electric-vehicles-really-better-for-the-
environment/#576dabf276d2 , https://www.wired.co.uk/article/cobalt-battery-evs-shortage
https://www.industryweek.com/technology-and-iiot/emerging-technologies/article/22024869/without-engines-electric-
cars-might-be-sputtering-out , https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/june-22-is-your-wi-fi-watching-you-dog-s-
manipulative-eyebrows-darwin-s-finches-in-danger-and-more-1.5182752/do-electric-cars-take-more-co2-to-build-
than-they-save-1.5182753

6. ElectricalCar
Market  Source: https://cleantechnica.com/2016/06/05/electric-car-sales-increased-42-globally-q1-2016/or https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/oct/13/electric-car-sales-set-to-pass-2m-landmark-globally-by-end-of-2016

7. TopCountries/Electrical
Vehicles
Source -
https://energy.economictimes.in
diatimes.com/news/power/top-
10-countries-with-highest-
share-of-electric-
vehicles/68584607

8. Startup –
Electrical
Vehicle
Over a 100 years ago is when we started to see Car manufacturing
of the combustion engine. It is now 2019 as such the startups in
electrical vehicle market continue to happen each day.The problem
with startups in the electrical car field is they lack economy of scale
https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/manufacturing/startups-
old-line-automakers-aim-to-take-bite-out-of-tesla-222782/

9. ElectricalCar
Raw Material
 Source -
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-
5/Electric-Automobile.html

10. AnatomyofElectrical
Car
 Metals – Steel, aluminum,
nickel, copper,
 Rare Earths, vanadium,
lithium
 Rubber
 Plastics,

11. Electrical
BatteryCost
 http://www.industryweek.com/energy/electric-cars-soon-will-cost-less-gasoline-autos-research-
shows?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IWNews+%28IndustryWeek+Most+Recent+News%29&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1_b&NL=IW-07
Now research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance
indicates that falling battery costs will mean electric
vehicles will also be cheaper to buy in the U.S. and
Europe as soon as 2025. Batteries currently account for
about half the cost of EVs, and their prices will fall by
about 77% between 2016 and 2030, the London-based
researcher said.
“On an upfront basis, these things will start to get
cheaper and people will start to adopt them more as
price parity gets closer,” said Colin McKerracher, analyst
at the London-based researcher. “After that it gets even
more compelling.”

12. Cost
Competitivene
ss
Source - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/sales-and-marketing/after-years-of-promise-battery-cars-about-to-go-mainstream-228289/
GENEVA—For years, there have been lots of electric cars proudly rolled out at auto shows but few on the
streets or at dealers.That could be about to change.
The electric cars under the lights at the Geneva International Motor Show promise to be the leading edge
of more affordable, longer-range vehicles that start to move battery cars out of their niche—as a product
for environmentalists willing to put up with limited range and wealthy enthusiasts of new technology
willing to pay for buzz and the robust but silent acceleration the cars offer.
Several broad underlying trends are converging to increase the likelihood that larger numbers of battery
cars will be on the roads in the next several years.
Prices are falling for batteries, consumers are turning away from diesel engines afterVolkswagen’s
emissions scandal, and governments in Europe andChina are enforcing tougher emissions rules.
As more electric cars roll off assembly lines, the trick will be getting more people to buy them. A key factor
will be price—of the battery to the manufacturer, and consequently of the car to the customer.
VolvoCar Group’s Polestar 2 and Peugeot’s new electric 208 compact are electric offerings aimed at
bringing battery-powered cars within reach of more people.The Polestar 2 launch version, expected
in 2020, starts at US$55,500 after the $7,500 U.S. tax incentive; the Europe price starts at 59,000
euros.A less expensive model is envisioned after the first year. Polestar says the model is aimed at the
same potential customers as the Model 3 electric compact from California carmakerTesla.
Tesla said last week it will close its stores and move to online sales only so it can cut costs and reach its
goal of selling the Model 3 for $35,000. Before the announcement the lowest price was $42,900.
Electrical subsidies cost
the USA treasury about
1.5B per year.

13. ElectricalCar
Battery
 Source -
https://cleantechnica.com/2015/
05/06/10-biggest-electric-car-
battery-manufacturers-are/

14. Lithium Mining
 Australia
 Chile
 Argentina
 China
 Zimbabwe
 Portugal
 Brazil
 United States
Source - http://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/energy-investing/lithium-investing/top-lithium-producing-countries/

15. Vanadium
Mining
 China
 South Africa
 Russia
 Brazil
 Source - http://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/industrial-metals-
investing/vanadium-investing/top-vanadium-producing-countries-china-south-
africa-russia/

16. Cobalt less
lithium-ionized
battery
 Researchers from the Cockrell School of Engineering atThe University ofTexas at Austin have a
cobalt-free high-energy lithium-ion battery that reduces the costs of producing batteries while
boosting performance in some ways.They have a new class of cathode that uses 89% nickel.
 Cathodes can make up roughly half of the materials costs for the entire battery, with cobalt being
the priciest element. Cobalt is $28,500 per ton and it makes up 10% to 30% of most lithium-ion
battery cathodes.
 “Cobalt is the least abundant and most expensive component in battery cathodes,” Manthiram
said. “And we are completely eliminating it.”
 https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2020/07/new-cobalt-free-lithium-ion-
batteries.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogsp
ot%2Fadvancednano+%28nextbigfuture%29
 Nickel Reserves - https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/base-metals-
investing/nickel-investing/nickel-reserves-by-country/ (the top 3 are Australia, Brazil and Russia)
 Canada and new nickel discoveries - https://www.juniorminingnetwork.com/junior-miner-
news/press-releases/2768-tsx-venture/cnc/77386-canada-nickel-company-announces-discovery-
of-multiple-palladium-platinum-zones-extends-pgm-zone-by-1-5-km-and-second-nickel-
discovery-doubles-total-nickel-mineralization-along-strike-by-1-7-km-to-3-4-km-at-crawford-
nickel-cobalt-palladium-project.html (Timmins,Ontario)
 Canada and battery development - https://financialpost.com/commodities/mining/canadian-
lithium-tech-companies-find-traction-amid-rise-of-electric-cars
 China has a lot of say into green technology market including both supply and prices -
https://investingnews.com/innspired/new-lithium-sources-emerge-outside-the-lithium-
triangle%C2%A0/
 More mining development of Lithium - https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1124285_report-
new-lithium-mines-may-bring-battery-prices-down (Australia could see 23% growth in mining
production of Lithium)

17. LithiumSupply
Source - http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Could-A-Lithium-Shortage-De-Rail-The-
Electric-Car-Boom.html
Indeed, says Nevada Energy Metals (SSMLF:US)
executive Malcolm Bell, “It may be time to start
worrying about a shortage, but it’s not a question
of whether we have enough lithium—it’s a
question of tapping into new reserves. Those who
don’t see the supply wall looming, will hit with a
resounding thud. Those who start tapping into
new reserves will be extremely well-positioned for
the future.”
From where everyone is standing right now, it
may seem that the world’s got a fair amount of
lithium. According to global estimates by the U.S.
Geological Survey, there is enough lithium in the
world – 13.5 million metric tons of it – to last us
over 350 years in batteries.

18. Canada
Lithium
Vanadium
 So far, so rosy. But plans to mine elements such as lithium have
been around for decades in the NorthwestTerritories, without
much progress. Nor are lithium mines suddenly guaranteed
winners with the advent of electric cars. In late 2014, despite being
labelled the "only significant lithium producer in North America," a
new lithium mine in Quebec abruptly closed after hitting a range
of problems. Among those issues was a delay processing the
lithium — and this is where Daniela Desormeaux, a Chile-based
lithium expert, voices concern for N.W.T. startups. Source -
http://www.kitco.com/commentaries/2015-10-12/Critical-
Elements-Corp-Putting-Canada-on-the-map-of-Lithium-
Producers.html or http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/tesla-
batteries-lithium-cobalt-nwt-mining-1.3536796
 Canada hosts vanadium deposits in locations such as Manitoba,
Ontario and Quebec.Total reserves are unknown at this time, but
plenty of companies are working in the country to develop
projects. Source - http://investingnews.com/daily/resource-
investing/industrial-metals-investing/vanadium-
investing/vanadium-mining-in-canada/

19. Raw Material
Supply
 http://www.livemint.com/Industry/2B1nhG2ijJfvYaUxW913zM/Lithium-supply-may-be-key-to-governments-electric-vehicles.html
• Lithium Reserves are limited
• Lithium batters are used in cell phones and energy storage

20. Rare Metals /Child
Labor
Source -
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cobalt-
children-mining-democratic-republic-
congo-cbs-news-investigation/

21. China
 China is becoming the largest car market (Bigger than in USA)
 China has emphasized mass transit (Buses andTrains)
 China is becoming more and more urbanized.
Source - https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/11/oil-demand-is-dying-faster-than-expected-from-electric-cars-and-
buses.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2Fadvancednano+%28nextbigfuture%29
By the end of 2018, electric cars and buses will displace 279,000 barrels a day. At
the end of 2018, there are about 5 million electric cars.
Germany had a drop in diesel demand of 9% so far in 2018.
China is calling for the production of 2 million electric vehicles (EVs) a year by 2020, and
7 million a year by 2025. By 2025, electric vehicles would be 20% of total new car
production for China.
• Almost 50% of the refined product
is gasoline
• OPEC is looking at cutting back
production due to lower demand
• More and more cities are going to
electrical and/or hybrid
transportation equipment

22. China
 Bolivia and China – Lithium - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-
bolivia-lithium-china/bolivia-picks-chinese-partner-for-2-3-billion-
lithium-projects-idUSKCN1PV2F7
 Argentina and China Lithium - https://www.mining-
technology.com/news/ganfeng-stake-argentina-lithium-project/
 China dominates in areas of renewals -
https://stockhouse.com/opinion/independent-
reports/2020/05/11/china-dominates-worlds-supply-chains
 China and Chile - https://blog.investchile.gob.cl/chiles-trade-with-
china-grows
 China / Global Power -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/china-path-to-global-
domination

23. Ford Motor
Company
 http://gm-volt.com/forum/showthread.php?287289-Theoretical-Breakthrough-in-Carbon-Fiber-Production!/page3 or http://www.thedrive.com/sheetmetal/10393/ford-says-brands-first-all-
electric-vehicle-will-be-affordable-have-better-range-than-tesla-model-3
Ford is planning to make this their first affordable, mass-
produced electric car, which would essentially be Ford’s
response toTesla working towards the Model 3, just a
different form factor. Ford claims that its technology has
the perceived capability of reaching a range of 300 miles
on a single charge, which rivals the Model S and
outperforms the Chevy Bolt by nearly 65 miles. As for
hybrids, it is expected to eclipse the Ford Focus Electric
battery-only range threefold, and do nearly the same
with the Nissan Leaf.

24. New Pickup
 http://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/environment-and-safety/canadian-
designed-electric-pickup-truck-makes-debut-at-toronto-trade-show-194046/
Capable of travelling 300 km on a single charge, this truck
features a dual-motor, a fully-electric powertrain, all-wheel
drive, a carbon fiber reinforced steel space frame and a high-
current power socket for tools.
The company says the Bison’s off-road capabilities allow for 54
per cent hill start and 21 per cent hill climb at full load.

25. GMandElectricalCars
Source -
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/
2017/10/gm-shifting-to-all-
electric-cars-and-have-20-new-
all-electric-models-by-
2023.html?utm_source=feedbur
ner&utm_medium=feed&utm_c
ampaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2
Fadvancednano+%28nextbigfut
ure%29

26. TruckPlan
Source -
http://www.industryweek.com/le
adership/buffett-backed-byd-
open-electric-truck-plant-
canada?utm_source=feedburner
&utm_medium=feed&utm_cam
paign=Feed%3A+IWNews+%28I
ndustryWeek+Most+Recent+Ne
ws%29&sfvc4enews=42&cl=arti
cle_8&NL=IW-07

27. Buses
Source - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/procurement/ontario-
begins-first-of-its-kind-40m-electric-bus-tests-211692/
The trials are part of a national coordinated effort to
advance zero emissions transit technology.
The project combines manufacturers, transit agencies,
utilities, funding partners, research teams and technology
developers to ensure a world-leading demonstration trial
with TransLink in Vancouver, B.C., and now with
Brampton Transit and the Regional Municipality of York,
with Brampton Transit the first to initiate and champion the
national trial planning process back in 2016.

28. Canada
Startup
Source - http://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/manufacturing/canadian-electric-car-maker-
inks-manufacturing-deal-chinese-firm-202378/
VANCOUVER—Vancouver’s Electra Meccanica Vehicles Corp. announced
Oct. 2 it has signed a manufacturing agreement with Zongshen Industrial
Group Co., Ltd.—a motorcycle manufacturer based in Chongqing, China—to
produce 75,000 of its SOLO electric vehicles over the next three years.
This uniquely shaped single-seater car is powered by a 16.1 kilowatt hour
lithium-ion battery, has a range of 160 km and a top speed of 130 km/h.
The manufacturing agreement with Zongshen calls for the production of 5,000
SOLOs in 2018; 20,000 in 2019; and 50,000 in 2020.
The company started taking orders for the SOLO in 2016, and Electra
Meccanica says it has so far amassed orders for over 20,000 units.
“We are thrilled that Zongshen has joined us in leading the clean energy
charge and partnered with us in the production of our innovative, new SOLO,”
said Jerry Kroll, CEO, Electra Meccanica. “We have thousands of orders on
the books and we now have the manufacturing capacity to begin filling these
orders for our customers.”
The SOLO’s anticipated manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP) comes
in at a modest $19,888, and the company is currently taking refundable $250
reservations on its website. New deliveries are currently scheduled to be
fulfilled in Q4 2018.

29. End of
Rebates
Source - https://canada.autonews.com/retail/nissan-leaf-sales-collapse-ontario-after-incentive-axed
• About 1.8% of all USA vehicle sales are electric
• About 2% of all Cdn vehicle sales are electric

30. BCGovt/ Rebates
AG for Ontario said these tax
incentives did nothing for
electrical vehicles. So, why is BC
going the same approach?
@jjhorgan
@Swiftie01
https://www.canadianmanufactu
ring.com/financing/b-c-budget-
includes-child-fund-climate-
plan-indigenous-revenue-
sharing-227260/

31. Federal
Government
Rebates
Source - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/exporting-and-importing/electric-car-sales-climb-in-wake-of-new-5000-federal-rebate-program-237027/
Automotive sales have been impacted by COVID19

32. Plug-in
Stations
 Ontario – source -
https://www.thestar.com/news/queenspark/2016/07/13/ontario-
plugs-electric-car-plan-with-expanded-charging-network.html
 Electrical boom drive need for plug-in stations – source -
http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/electric-car-charging-station-
congestion-1.3518353
 Market trends – Plug-in Stations -
http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1102160_top-six-trends-
in-plug-in-electric-cars-through-2020
 MFG plug-in stations -
https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/financing/ontario-
charging-station-manufacturing-plant-jolt-canadas-electric-car-
industry-210535/

33. Issues with
Plug-in
Stations
Source - https://www.fleetcarma.com/obstacles-seamless-ev-charging-2017/
Since North American cities continue growing rapidly, any
plan to boost electric car adoption must include accessible
charging stations for the public. By “accessible,” we mean
free to access (without parking lot fees) and easy to find
(as you would a gas station). To overcome this challenge,
major cities have started cooperating with charging station
providers and other stakeholders.
• Who is going to fund these stations
• Who is going to pay for these stations
• How long does it take for the battery to recharge
• How will both battery and charging stations handle temperature changes
• What impact will plug-in stations have the grid
Effectiveness/Ontario
55% of the plug-in stations were in DTToronto and the
GTA and not along major highway systems -
https://torontosun.com/news/provincial/ont-electric-
car-charging-program-was-screw-up-ev-drivers

34. Membrane
less flow
battery could
allow electric
car refueling
by replacing
electrolyze
 https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/06/membraneless-flow-battery-could-
allow-electric-car-refueling-by-replacing-
electrolyzer.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campai
gn=Feed%3A+blogspot%2Fadvancednano+%28nextbigfuture%29
A technology developed by Purdue researchers could provide
an “instantly rechargeable” method that is safe, affordable
and environmentally friendly for recharging electric and hybrid
vehicle batteries through a quick and easy process similar to
refueling a car at a gas station.
The innovation could expedite the adoption of electric and
hybrid vehicles by eliminating the time needed to stop and re-
charge a conventional electric car’s battery and dramatically
reducing the need for new infrastructure to support re-
charging stations.

35. Scandinavia/
Norway
Source - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/manufacturing/in-a-first-electric-cars-outsell-traditional-ones-in-
norway-230094/
• 95% of Norway power
generation is from hydro
electric
• 12% of Norway GDP is
tied to energy
production
https://theodora.com/wf
bcurrent/norway/norway
_economy.html
• Norway is looking at
building major highway
(i.e. asphalt, steel,
cement, minerals, etc.
https://drivemag.com/ne
ws/norway-will-spend-
47bn-to-create-1-100-
km-long-coastal-
highway

36. CO2 and
Electrical
Vehicles
 https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2019-04-21/new-study-shocks-electric-cars-considerably-worse-climate-
diesel-cars?fbclid=IwAR1ENk4M-LsGv8rQcP6qBTZOnYqr58dcatNApRBoeX5TbLdEGPqYT0eRQEI
 “According to the study directed by Christoph Buchal of the University of Cologne, published by the Ifo
Institute in Munich last week, electric vehicles have "significantly higher CO2 emissions than diesel cars."That
is due to the significant amount of energy used in the mining and processing of lithium, cobalt, and
manganese, which are critical raw materials for the production of electric car batteries.”
 https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/electrical-vehicles-all-you-need-to-know-march-2019

37. Comments
 Carbon footprint with electrical cars has been reduced
 Subsidizing electrical purchases is not sound policy
 Cost
 Reliability of batteries when there is change in temperatures
 Plug in stations
 Require power source
 Required wiring to connect to a battery
 Access to plug-in stations
 Batteries require Lithium and/orVanadium
 Metals have to be extracted, refined and fabricated
 Aluminum lightweight
 Aluminum has to be extracted, refined and fabricated

38. Market Impact
Source - https://phys.org/news/2019-03-electric-vehicles-failure.html

39. Blog –
Electrical
Subsidies
 https://www.680news.com/2019/05/01/federal-rebates-electric-
car/?hootPostID=85c76447084c8ed5294ab5e3dac49eaf
 Why are we wasting precious tax dollars on electrical vehicle cars sales when
they are less than 2% of the total car sales
 Same people that bitch about funding cuts to healthcare, education and other
social programs say little about subsidies to clean technology, right? BTW:
Clean technology companies lose nearly $4B / year -
https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/awash-in-red-ink-canadian-clean-tech-
struggling-despite-ottawa-s-green-goals-1.729679.The old economy
companies at least turn a profit which means they pay corporate taxes.You do
not pay corporate tax when you have no taxable income, but losses -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-corporate-and-business-
taxation-flows-to-government
 There has been issues with plug-in stations, right?
 Canada generates nearly 80% of its power from clean sources.This means
20% of the power comes from CO2. So, how are electrical cars really helping
the environment - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/power-
generation-canada-april-2019 (FYI only 6% of power generation comes from
wind, solar, etc.)
 Electrical cars include raw materials from countries using child labor and/or
the raw materials are extremely toxic!

 https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/electrical-vehicles-all-you-need-to-
know-april-2019

40. Registration
“A proposed hike in Illinois’ annual registration fee for electric
vehicles, from $17.50 to $1,000, is being called unfair by current EV
owners, and a sales disincentive by manufacturers — just as the new
technology is beginning to gain broader traction.”
 Electrical cars do not pay gas taxes. Gas taxes go to funding roads.
Source - https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-electric-
vehicle-fee-illinois-20190509-
story.html?fbclid=IwAR3AiApriNLHdRP8PDHX8ZcwGds9b7z4Ejb-
pZ1uIrvjKuOBiHN36ZEBqnQ

41. Fires and
Electrical fires
Firefighters in Montreal believe that a Hyundai Kona EV, the all-
electric version of the Kona, exploded and caused a garage fire in Île-
Bizard on Friday. Piero Cosentino bought a Hyundai Kona EV in
March. He told CBC that the electric car was in his garage unplugged
on Friday afternoon when he saw dark clouds of smoke coming from
the garage.The Kona EV reportedly exploded – blowing the garage
door off in the process. Firefighters were on the scene quickly and
controlled the fire. No one was injured.
Source - https://electrek.co/2019/07/27/hyundai-kona-ev-explodes-
garage-blowing-door-off/
No one ever discuses the equipment and/or skills needed to deal with
electrical car fires, why? https://jalopnik.com/fighting-an-electric-
vehicle-fire-is-still-a-new-and-da-1833540519

42. Ontario and
California –
Electrical
Vehicles
Source - https://business.financialpost.com/transportation/why-the-canada-
california-agreement-to-produce-clean-cars-might-get-
messy?fbclid=IwAR21K3blUxPcR_UCvmTlATXHdYmhK1SSZKgIpZ6tenwg3t7CMrKqk
hnknPE
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/2019-election-manufacturing-canada-
april-2019
1. Canada has become less competitive due to excessive regulations and taxes
2. Hydro rates are a big issue
3. Zero emissions have a carbon footprint
20% of the power generation in Canada is from non-clean sources -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/2019-election-power-geneation-
canada-march-2019

43. USA Electrical
Vehicle Market
Source - https://insideevs.com/news/403362/2019-plugin-car-sales-us/

44. ElectricalVehicles (EV)
Source - https://insideevs.com/news/426383/us-plugin-car-sales-january-april-2020/

45. Container
Ships /Clean
Fuel
 We need to focus on getting natural resources to market in the
most environmental and economically way.
 Cargo ships – CO2 - https://phys.org/news/2018-12-cargo-ships-
emitting-boatloads-carbon.html
 Pipelines and emissions - https://www.canadaaction.ca/greenhouse-
gas-emissions-pipelines-canada
 Rail and oil - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/canada-rail-
transportation-shipments-and-safety
 Environment - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/global-
emissions-and-the-environment
• Fuel cell ships - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-
30/samsung-heavy-bloom-energy-partner-to-develop-zero-emissions-
cargo-vessels
• Cargo ships go green - https://www.mhlnews.com/transportation-
distribution/article/22055397/cargo-ships-can-go-green-with-new-
technologies
• It will take time to either upgrade ships or replace ships with cleaner
fuels - https://www.statista.com/statistics/1102442/age-of-world-
merchant-fleet-by-vessel-type/ (Average life is 9.72 years)

46. Class 8Truck
Sales
Source –TheTrucker
• Transportation fleets are slowly moving over to clean fuel trucks -
https://www.fleetowner.com/running-green/article/21704333/anheuserbusch-
byd-join-for-largest-class-8-electric-truck-deployment
• Building electrify roads that support electrical vehicles -
https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/auto-technology/sweden-
is-building-an-electric-road-that-will-charge-car-as-you-drive/69285414
• New licensing model to support the replacement of gas taxes. Gas taxes are
used to fund infrastructure -
https://www.thestar.com/business/opinion/2020/02/24/gas-taxes-are-on-the-
way-out-pay-as-you-go-user-fees-may-be-just-around-the-corner.html

47. OtherSources
 If you like to learn more
about trade and/or other
subjects as part of your
professional learning and
development then feel
free to review my material
on
https://www.udemy.com/
(search PaulYoung CPA
CGA

48. Summary
 Low adoption of electrical cars
 Lack of infrastructure (plug-in stations
1. 40% to 80% of the power generation is clean related. More electrical cars the more they have imprint on the environment
 Concerns with handling the toxicity of metals and the recycling of batteries
 Reliability
 Battery life (mileage)
 Government thinks subsidies will support the transition to electrical. The same policy did not work in Ontario
 People complain about cuts to social programs, but see no issue with subsidies to electrical car sales.
 Ontario government policies
 Electrical car sales are still only 2% despite Liberal government incentives
 A performance audit needs to be done on charging stations
 Liberals continue to mismanage moneys!
 Source
 https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/01/global-electric-car-sales-will-top-2-million-in-2018-and-china-will-top-1-5-million.html or
https://canada.autonews.com/article/20180703/CANADA01/180709889/ontario-pcs-officially-kill-cap-and-trade-program-and-ev-
incentives
 http://torontosun.com/news/provincial/ont-electric-car-charging-program-was-screw-up-ev-drivers#comments