This document discusses best practices in organizing public transport in European cities. It finds that the optimal model involves a mix of public and private operators overseen by a public transport authority (PTA). The PTA is responsible for integrated planning, contracting services, managing infrastructure, and developing new systems. Competitive tendering of contracts stimulates innovation and offers best value. Fare and ticket integration across modes, using smart cards, facilitates use of public transport. Case studies of Madrid and Oslo show how they have implemented this model.