The document discusses green web engineering, which aims to reduce the direct and indirect energy consumption of websites throughout their lifecycle. It defines green web engineering and presents a lifecycle model. Recommendations include optimizing media content through compression and attentive internet usage. A survey found that users are generally accepting of a "green web" and willing to take actions to support it. Optimizing websites can positively impact energy consumption without loss of information. The development of suitable tools could further spread these recommendations.

1. Greenness of Web Engineering
Life Cycle, Criteria, Procedure Model,
and Recommendations
Eva Kern
20th of May 2014

2. Outline
 Introduction of Organization
 Role of Digital Media in the Context of Green ICT
 Green Web Engineering
 Definition
 Life Cycle
 Recommendations
 User Acceptance
 Energy & Loading Time
 Summary & Outlook
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3. Institute of Software Systems
 founded in 2003
 Research institute of the University of Applied Science
Trier, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld
 Focus on applied computer sciences
 Numerous research and development projects
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4. Institute of Software Systems
 Bioinformatics
 Environmental Informatics
 Business Informatics
Nachhaltigkeitskriterien
für Softwareprodukte
Referenzmodell „Green Software“
Vorgehensmodell
„Green Software Engineering“
Administrieren Anwenden
Allgemeine
Qualitätskriterien
Unmittelbare
Kriterien
Mittelbare
Kriterien
Handlungsempfehlungen
und Werkzeuge
Beschaffen
Entwickeln
Lebenszyklus
von Softwareprodukten
Für
Anwender
Entwicklung
Für Beschaffer
Für Entwickler
Nutzung End of Life
Für
Administratoren
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5. Sustainability
Informatics
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6. Sustainability
Informatics
Digital
Media
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7. Role of Digital Media in Green ICT
 Environmentally friendly role of media
 Communication & Transparency
 Information & Demonstration
 „Green by Media“
 Pollutive role of media
 Production & Supply
 Usage & Consumption
 „Green in Media“
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8. Role of Digital Media in Green ICT
 Environmentally friendly role of media
 Communication & Transparency
 Information & Demonstration
 „Green by Media“
 Pollutive role of media
 Production & Supply
 Usage & Consumption
 „Green in Media“
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9. Green Web Engineering Definition
Green Web Engineering describes the art of
• developing,
• designing,
• maintaining,
• administrating,
• and using
a website in such a manner, that direct and indirect
energy consumption within the complete life cycle of a
website is reduced.
(Dick et al. 2010)
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10. Green Web Engineering Life Cycle
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11. Green Web Engineering Life Cycle
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12. Green Web Engineering Life Cycle
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13. Green Web Engineering Recommendations
→ optimization of media content
 compression of photos, graphics and videos
 compression of CSS-, JS- and HTML-sources
 …
original optimised
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14. Green Web Engineering Recommendations
→ optimization of media content
 compression of photos, graphics and videos
 compression of CSS-, JS- and HTML-sources
 …
Original Optimized
File type JPEG (Quality: 100) JPEG (Quality: 65)
File size
335 KB
(343.464 Bytes)
36,0 KB
(36.864 Bytes)
Width x height 600 x 400 px 600 x 400 Pixel
Resolution 240 dpi 72 dpi
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15. Green Web Engineering Recommendations
→ attentive Internet usage
 configuration of browser caches
 usage of blocker (ads, flash, …)
 information
 general energy savings options
 …
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16. Green Web Engineering User Acceptance
 Which effects has the application of the
recommendations of Green Web Engineering on the
user's acceptance?
 Are users to be become active for Green Web?
→ How does a user-centred Green Web Engineering
look like?
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17. Survey: User Acceptance
Method online study
Basic Population
German internet users (and
adjacent countries)
Sample n = 486
Complete Questionnaires 308
Survey Period April 3rd to May 1st 2013
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18. Survey: User Acceptance
 „Typical survey participant“:
 Student
 20 - 29 years old
 Rhineland-Palantine (Germany)
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19. Survey: User Acceptance
 Acceptance for a „Green Web“
 Activities for a „Green Web“
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20. Survey: User Acceptance
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21. User-centred Green Web Engineering
 Idea: label green websites based on quality classes
 optimize & compress source code
 optimize & compress graphics
 without losses of information!
 Renunciation of colour courses
 sizes of pictures
 photos: 600 to 700px
 videos: 640 x 480px
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22. Green Web Engineering Energy Comsumption
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23. Green Web Engineering Energy Comsumption
active energy Firefox
„Best“ 0,1314 Wh
„Basis“ 0,1434 Wh
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24. Conclusion & Outlook
 Media do play a role in the context of Green ICT
 User's acceptance & activites for Green Web exist
 Optimisation wears positive effects on the energy
consumption
 Optimisation & spreading of the action recommendations
 Development of suitable tools
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25. Thank you for your attention!
Feel free to contact us:
Eva Kern
e.kern@umwelt-campus.de
Trier University of Applied Sciences
Environmental Campus Birkenfeld
Institute for Software Systems
Germany
http://www.green-software-engineering.de/
http://sustainablesoftware.blogspot.de
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