The European Union was formed after World War 2 to promote unity and prevent future wars. It has expanded from 6 original members to 27 current members. Key treaties and agreements over the years have increased integration, including establishing a common currency, the euro. The EU has a flag featuring 12 stars, and an anthem based on Beethoven's 9th Symphony. It aims to promote economic cooperation and environmental protection among its members.

1. THE EUROPEAN
UNION

2. History
•THE FLAG
The European flag is the symbol
of the European Union.
The European flag consists of
12 golden stars in a circle on a
blue background. The stars
symbolise the ideals of unity,
solidarity and harmony. The
stars in circle seems a symbol
of union.
The history of the flag goes
back to 1995.

3. • THE ANTHEM
The anthem of the European Union is the final
movement of Bethoven’s 9º symphony. In 1971
the Council of Europe Assembly of the Council
of Europe decided to propose adopting the
prelude to the Ode to Jay from Beethoven's 9th
Symphony as the European anthem, taking up a
suggestion made by Count Richard Nikalous von
Coudenhove-Kalerai in 1955. Beethoven, "the
spearhead of early Romanticism's universalist
pretentions", was generally seen as the natural
choice for a European anthem.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrexhus-8kw

4. • BEFORE THE EU
After World War II, moves towards European
integration were seen by many as an escape from
the extreme forms of nationalism which had
devastated the continent. One such attempt to
unite Europeans was the European coal and steel
Comunity, which was declared to be "a first step
in the federation of Europe", starting with the
aim of eliminating the possibility of further wars
between its member states by means of pooling
the national heavy industries.

5. • THE MEMBERS OF THE EU
Austria Latvia
Belgium Lithuania
Bulgaria Luxemburg
Cyprus Malta
Czech Republic Netherlands
Denmark Poland
Estonia Portugal
Finland Romania
France Slovakia
Germany Slovenia
Greece Spain
Hungary Sweden
Ireland United Kingdom
Italy

6. • THE TREATIE OF ROME
Was an international agreement that led to the
founding of the European Economic Comunity (EEC)
on 1 January 1958. It was signed on 25 March 1957.
•THE SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT
Was the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty
of Rome.

7. • AMSTERDAM TREATY
Meant a greater emphasis on citizenship and the
rights of individuals, an attempt to achieve more
democracy in the shape of increased powers for
the European parlament, a new title on employment, a
Community area of freedom, security and justice,
the beginnings of a common foreign and security
policy and (CFSP) and the reform of the institutions
in the run-up to enlargement.

8. • THE TREATY OF NIZA
The Treaty of Nice reformed the institutional
structure of the European Union to withstand
eastward expansion, a task which was originally
intended to have been done by the Amsterdam
Treaty, but failed to be addressed at the time.
•THE TREATY OF LISBON
It provides the EU with modern institutions and
optimised working methods to tackle both
efficiently and effectively today's challenges in
today's world.

9. • THE EUROPEAN GOVERNMENT
All Western and Central
European countries are
democracies of various kinds.
There are doubts about the
democratic credentials of some
East European and Balkan
countries (Russia, Belarus,
Ukraine, Serbia, Macedonia,
Albania - and a few others).
For many purposes the European
Union (EU) is governed by small
groups of people nominated by
the governments of the member
states.

10. EUROPEAN ECONOMY
-The euro is the official currency of the eurozone which
consists of 17 of the 27 member states of European
Union. The euro was introduced to world financial
markets as an accounting currency in 1999 but
Euro coins and banknotes entered circulation in 2002.

11. -The infrastructure, types.
Hard Infrastructures:
Transportation
infrastructure like road and
highway networks, Energy
infrastructure like electrical
power network, Water
management infrastructure
like drinking water supply,
Communications
infrastructure like
telephone networks, this
infrastructures are hard
infrastructures.
Soft Infrastructures:
Governance infrastructure like
emergency services, Economic
infrastructure like
manufacturing, Social
infrastructure like social
welfare systems, Cultural,
sports and recreational
infrastructure like museums.

12. ENVIROMENT
 The first environmental policy of the European Community
was launched in 1972.
 They worked in the acid rain, the thinning of the ozone
layer, air quality, noise pollution, waste and water
pollution.
 The European Union is the most important environmental
policies of any state in the world.
 Member states agreed that the EU is to use 20%
renewable energy in the future and that it has to reduce
carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 by at least 20%.
 In 2006, the 27 member states of the EU had an energy
consumption of 1,825 million tonnes of oil. The most of
the energy consumed was produced for us but we used
imported energy too

14.  Europa measured 10,527,345 square kms.
 In the centre and in the north are mountains of about 1,000
meters, the most important are: Scandinavian Mts, Grampian
Mts, or Massif Central.
 In the centre there is a great triangular plain from the
Atlantic to the Urals.
 In the south are young mountains that measure about 3,000
meters. The most important are: Caucasus, Alps, Carpathian
Mts, Balcans, Pirineos,and Apenines.
 The highest peak in Europe is the Elbrus, that measured 5,642
m, in the Caucasus; the second highest is the Mont Blanc, that
measured 4,808 m, in the Alps.

15. Population:
Germany 82.314.906 357.050 Austria
8.334.325 83.871 Belgium 10.392.226
30.528 Bulgaria 7.322.858 110.910 Cyprus
766.400 9.251 Croatia 4.489.409 56.594
Denmark 5.457.415 43.094 Slovakia
5.396.168 49.037 Slovenia 2.013.597
20.273 Spain 47.190.493 504.645 Estonia
1.342.409 45.226 Finland 5.289.128
338.145 France 65.821.885 674.843
11.260.401 131.990 Hungary 10.066.158
93.030 Ireland 4.239.848 70.273 Italy
60.742.397 301.318 Latvia 2.281.305
64.589 Lithuania 3.373.991 65.303
Luxemburg 476.200 2.586 Malta 404.962
316 Netherlands 16.372.715 41.526 Poland
38.116.486 312.683 Portugal 11.317.192
92.391 United kingdom 62.262.806 244.820
Czech Republic 10.306.709 78.866 Romania
22.276.056 238.391 Sweden 9.142.817
449.964 European union 499.747.211

16. Climates:
 Mediterranean climate: in the south of Spain, South of
France, Italy, San Marino, Greece and Turkey
 Atlantic climate: From Norway to the north coast of
Portugal
 Continental climate: In the center of Europe, from Poland to
Russia and in Norway and Sweden too.
 Tundra climate: In Russia and to the north of Norway,
Sweden and Finland.
 Mountain climate: in all the mountains of Europe, specially
Austria.
 Arctic climate: in the north of Sweden, Finland, and Russia.

17. The rivers:
 Some of the largest are rivers are the Rhine, Danube, Volga-
Don
 Rivers of the west are: Duero, Tajo, Ebro, Thames, Loire and
Garonne.
 Rivers in the center are: Vistula, Sena, Rhine and Danube
 The longest rivers are the Volga, that measure 3,531 km, the
Danube, that measured 2,860 km and the Ural that measured
2,428 km