These are the PowerPoint slides used by Dr TLUD (Paul S. Anderson, PhD) during his keynote address at the 2012 ETHOS conference on 28 January 2012 in Seattle-Kirkland, Washington, USA.
These are unused PowerPoint slides (but valuable nonetheless) which relate to the keynote address by Dr TLUD (Paul S. Anderson, PhD) at the 2012 ETHOS conference on 28 January 2012 in Seattle-Kirkland, Washington, USA.
Small Scale Devices for Production of Biochar - North American Biochar Symposiumbitmaxim
This is a slideshow presentation given by Dr TLUD (Paul S. Anderson, PhD) on 16 October 2013 at the North American Biochar Symposium at Amherst University.
These are unused PowerPoint slides (but valuable nonetheless) which relate to the keynote address by Dr TLUD (Paul S. Anderson, PhD) at the 2012 ETHOS conference on 28 January 2012 in Seattle-Kirkland, Washington, USA.
Small Scale Devices for Production of Biochar - North American Biochar Symposiumbitmaxim
This is a slideshow presentation given by Dr TLUD (Paul S. Anderson, PhD) on 16 October 2013 at the North American Biochar Symposium at Amherst University.
Green Energy for the Poor in Rural Mexico and Southeast Asia.Ricardo Hamdan Zuno
Case study on USAID projects that EFI has developed successfully delivering biogas to communities to power their homes and cook using biogas as opposed to wood or to live in the dark.
This Patio Heater is known in particular with the names of the Patio heater (or outdoor heater ), pyramid heater, mushroom heater, etc. by The shape, the height and the length of this unit vary according to the model: it can be mushroom-shaped, pyramid and so on.Gas or electrical.
Low Energy Buildings and Ventilation
A presentation by Jason Morosko of Ultimate Air, Athens Ohio
Presented at the Columbus Green Building Forum's 2011 Green Building EXPO
Presented at the 2013 Utah Green Conference sponsored by the Utah Nursery and Landscape Association, 28 January 2013.
This lecture was recorded and you can see it at: http://youtu.be/79oNfUG43XA
Kukel International Group Ltd; is a Hong Kong registered company in research, development of high technology products. The company product line includes Porcelain - Energy Heat Faucet, Hot shower and Water heating system.
We are the first company to invent the Porcelain - Energy into faucet products.
TLUD and TCharbon Stoves for Sustainable Haitian Developmentbitmaxim
This presentation was authored by Dr TLUD (Paul S. Anderson, PhD) and Christa Roth, and presented by Kara Grant in Haiti on 26 September 2011. The presentation is a summary of concepts of TLUD and TChar stoves, with a focus on their use in Haiti.
Green Energy for the Poor in Rural Mexico and Southeast Asia.Ricardo Hamdan Zuno
Case study on USAID projects that EFI has developed successfully delivering biogas to communities to power their homes and cook using biogas as opposed to wood or to live in the dark.
This Patio Heater is known in particular with the names of the Patio heater (or outdoor heater ), pyramid heater, mushroom heater, etc. by The shape, the height and the length of this unit vary according to the model: it can be mushroom-shaped, pyramid and so on.Gas or electrical.
Low Energy Buildings and Ventilation
A presentation by Jason Morosko of Ultimate Air, Athens Ohio
Presented at the Columbus Green Building Forum's 2011 Green Building EXPO
Presented at the 2013 Utah Green Conference sponsored by the Utah Nursery and Landscape Association, 28 January 2013.
This lecture was recorded and you can see it at: http://youtu.be/79oNfUG43XA
Kukel International Group Ltd; is a Hong Kong registered company in research, development of high technology products. The company product line includes Porcelain - Energy Heat Faucet, Hot shower and Water heating system.
We are the first company to invent the Porcelain - Energy into faucet products.
TLUD and TCharbon Stoves for Sustainable Haitian Developmentbitmaxim
This presentation was authored by Dr TLUD (Paul S. Anderson, PhD) and Christa Roth, and presented by Kara Grant in Haiti on 26 September 2011. The presentation is a summary of concepts of TLUD and TChar stoves, with a focus on their use in Haiti.
This presentation gives information about Incineration method. A waste treatment technology, which includes the combustion of waste for recovering energy, is called as “incineration”. Incineration coupled with high temperature waste treatments are recognized as thermal treatments.
Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat.
Incineration reduces the mass of the waste from 95 to 96 percent.
Types of incinerators
Advantages of Incineration
Disadvantages of Incineration
The various sources of energy can be listed as follows:
1. Fossil Fuels
2. Stored or flowing water (Hydel Energy)
3. Nuclear Fuels (Nuclear Energy)
4. Sun (Solar Energy)
5. Wind (Wind Energy)
6. Rise and fall of tides (Tidal Energy)
7. Geothermal Energy
8. Biomass and bio-fuels
Research was conducted on various stove design (wood, charcoal, bricks) that could be potentially modified in stove for desired purpose. Of the stoves gasifiers and Rocket stoves were two of the core design for design work.
Heat emitters - Expansion facilities of heating system - Energy management system - Factors affecting fuels-Oil sand properties of natural gas - Air conditioning, principles and applications - Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
Heat emitters – Expansion facilities of heating system – Energy management system – Factors affecting fuels – Oil sand properties of natural gas – Air conditioning, principles and applications – Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
Similar to ETHOS 2012 Keynote: The Future of Micro-gasifier Stoves: Meeting the Goals of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (20)
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ETHOS 2012 Keynote: The Future of Micro-gasifier Stoves: Meeting the Goals of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves
1. The Future of
Micro-gasifier Stoves:
Meeting the Goals of the Global
Alliance for Clean Cookstoves
Keynote Presentation to the
2012 ETHOS Conference
Seattle-Kirkland, WA -- 28 January 2012
Paul S. Anderson, PhD “Dr TLUD”
Chip Energy Corp. & Biomass Energy Foundation (BEF)
Email: psanders@ilstu.edu
2. Outline
• GACC goals and Micro-gasifier
contributions
• Background of Micro-gasification
• Current realities
– Emissions, efficiencies, acceptance
• Issues of convenience, fuels and costs.
• Expectations within reason.
3. Energy Issues
• Important for life:
– Water, food, health, security, and energy.
• Sustainable, appropriate renewable
energy solutions are in-hand.
• But they need implementation.
• Our specific interests here are
cookstoves and related energy issues.
4. Four Essential Components
in Any Successful Stove Project
• Fuels: Stored and available energy.
• Combustion Devices: Release of
energy.
• Applications: Uses of energy (stovetops)
• Human Factors: Cooking preferences,
sizes, social perceptions, costs, availability,
marketing, etc. Culture and Acceptance
5. GACC Goal
• GACC goal of 100 million stoves by 2020.
or “90 million stoves in the next 9 years.”
• Proposing equal thirds of total = 30
million:
– Stick-wood stoves (standard combustion of
solid biomass) (leadership by Rocket stoves)
– Micro-gasifier stoves (combustion of gases
created by gasifiers) (mainly TLUD gasifiers)
– All other technologies for making heat (solar,
biogas, electricity, LPG, alcohol, charcoal, etc)
6. A Comparison of Stoves
• Major classes of fuels –
featuring biomass
• Efficiencies of biomass stoves
• Emissions of CO and PM
• Variety of acceptable fuels
7. Major Classes of Fuels:
From Cleanest to Least Clean,
(In General)
From Most Expensive to Least Costly
• Nuclear, solar, hydro- • Not based on
electric combustion
• Gases and liquids from • Carbon positive &
fossil fuels non-renewable
• Gases from biomass • Biogas & Woodgas
• Charcoal • Wasteful production
• Stick-wood burning • Traditional combustion
– Rocket stoves with great variability
– Simple improved stoves
– 3-stone fires
8. Major Classes of Fuels:
• Nuclear, solar, • Not based on
hydro-, electric combustion
• Gases and liquids • Carbon positive &
from fossil fuels non-renewable
Those above can be too expensive and/or non-renewable.
• Gases from biomass • Biogas & Woodgas
Those below can have high emissions and low efficiency.
• Charcoal • Wasteful production
• Stick-wood burning • Traditional combustion
– Rocket stoves, simple with great variability
ICS, and 3-stone fires
9. Background of
Gasifier Stoves
• 1985 - Reed & 1990s –Wendelbo 5000
• By 2005 – Prototypes and “toys for boys”
• 2005-2009 BP Ourja Stove (w/ fan) 400,000
• Present: a few projects, but not yet 1
million TLUD cookstoves.
11. “Champion” TLUD-ND gasifier (2008)
Combustion zone
& heat application Secondary
***** air enters
“Reactor” or Gases rise &
charcoal forms
gas generation from upper
device or fuel when
pyrolysis unit, pyrolysis
progresses
including fuel downward
chamber inside. into the
raw fuel.
ND = Natural
Draft
14. TChar Variations of TLUDs
• Originated in late June 2011.
• Many refinements in recent
months.
• New variations in recent weeks.
• Daily innovations.
• This is truly the cutting edge of
micro-gasifier cookstoves!!!
15. TChar for Cooking
T-Top
T-Base
Lift off the pyrolyzer T-Top and the hot charcoal
falls down into the container for COOKING.
16. TChar for making Biochar
Have a simple,
closed box, bucket,
pot, barrel, or
hole-in-the-ground
as the T-Base to
receive the char,
and then cover Much larger T-Top,
with a good lid. greater safety, and
cleaner operations.
Lift off the pyrolyzer T-Top and the hot charcoal
falls down into the container for CAPTURE.
18. CO & PM Emissions From Cook Stoves Charcoal
(Measured by the Standard 5-liter Water Boiling Test. ) stoves
emit 110-
TLUD 135 g of
CO (more
pyrolytic than any
gasifiers of the
have wood-
burning
extremely stoves)
low and emit
emissions. 250 - 590
mg of PM
(more
than the
tested
TLUD
TLUD pyrolyzer Charcoal gasifier
(Burning Char) Stoves
stoves).
TLUD Pyrolyzer
(Saving Biochar)
19. Emissions of TLUD Stoves
• Micro-gasifier stoves have the lowest
emissions of any solid-fuel cookstoves.
• This issue is clearly resolved. See the data.
• Further testing is for refinements and is also
verification of what is already known in
quantitative terms.
• ?? Are the emissions at levels acceptable for
solving health problems of Indoor Air
Pollution (IAP) ?? Only when physicians
know for sure.
20. Discussion About Emissions
. Results will even get better. And if bad emissions are
reported, a specific stove and stover are the cause, not the
micro-gasification technology.
However,
• Low emissions do not really drive the stove efforts.
Highly important only to select specialists and
enthusiastic/believers.
• About the same importance as the ability to make
biochar, and the biochar enthusiasts are divided between soil
issues and atmospheric/climate issues.
• Important, YES. But are not true driving forces.
21. Efficiencies of Biomass Stoves
• Thermal transfer efficiency
– 20% to 40% is good.
– Much depends on the stove structure, not
on the combustion technology.
• Combustion efficiency
– High for most stoves. 95% and above
– But even 1% released as emissions can ruin
health and the environment.
Efficiencies are NOT focal issues.
22. The Real Focal Issues Are:
• Convenience for users
• Fuels (types, supply, costs)
• Stove costs (production & retail)
• Acceptance (Inertia/Marketing)
23. Convenience of TLUDs
• Minimal fire tending (almost unattended).
• Batch system favors some applications or
uses of heat, such as water boiling.
• Different sizes for different tasks.
• Portable versions are an easy option.
• Cleanliness (less soot on pots).
• Fast ignition to high heat.
• Considerable turn-down abilities.
• TChar puts charcoal into charcoal stoves.
24. The Fuel Challenge
• Fuels FUELS FUELS
• All other cookstove technologies use
processed fuels (or at least semi-
prepared fuels).
• Appropriate dry biomass fuels need
to be available to the stove users.
25. Abundant Renewable Dry Biomass
(but people only use a highly selective small fraction for energy)
Wood is the main biomass fuel. Collecting stick-wood
can lead to deforestation. If wood is plentiful, wood chips
are an excellent fuel for the gasifier stoves we will discuss.
Tree-wastes sawdust (pellets), trimmings, twigs,
seedpods, leaves, coconut shells/husks/fronds, etc.,
Agro-wastes stems, hulls, husks, roots, cobs, by-
products, dung, etc., some into biomass briquettes,
Urban wastes discarded combustibles including
paper/cardboard, some D&C, and dried sewage,
Environmental excesses bamboo, dried
aquatic invaders, reeds from wetlands, etc.
26. Thoughts on Fuels
• “Water, water everywhere, and not
a drop to drink….”
• “Biomass, biomass everywhere, and
none of it is dry.
Biomass, biomass everywhere, and
how the stovers cry.”
• Create fuel supply chains for sized
and dry biomass fuels. = Jobs !!!
27. Future of TLUD Fuels
• Supply and demand need to be balanced.
• Users will expect appropriately sized, dry
biomass fuels to be conveniently available.
• Fuel supply chains with planting,
harvesting, processing, distribution, and
sales are BIG BUSINESS.
• Gasifier fuel supply means jobs, jobs, jobs.
• More money will be made in fuel supply
than in stove production. (Chip Energy)
28. Costs of TLUD Stoves
• Champion TLUD in India costs $37.
– Stainless steel; includes tripod pot-stand.
• Mwoto TLUD in Uganda costs US$20.
– Tinsmith labor
• Tchar TLUD in Kenya costs US$22.
– Includes a charcoal-stove base. Without
advantages of quantity purchase of metal .
29. Product Life of TLUD Stoves
• Different metals for different components.
– Thin-wall stainless in fuel cylinder.
• Expect most parts to last more than 2
years, and expendable parts are easily
replaced.
• Appropriate decentralized mass
production into almost every country.
• Flat-pack for savings on distribution.
30. Carbon credit for
cookstoves:
Perhaps
US$10 to $20 value
per TLUD stove
per year.
Sufficient to finance
nationwide dissemination!
31. Expectations
• Small fans for better air control.
• Possible TEG for electrical support.
• Specialty models for specific fuels and
conditions, such as rice husk TLUDs.
32. Expectations
• Small fans for better air control.
• Possible TEG for electrical support.
• Specialty models for specific fuels and
conditions, such as rice husk TLUDs.
These are ALREADY DONE!!!!
But will be done better and widely spread
by 2020.
33. Acceptance
• Small studies show acceptance!!!
– Malawi (ask Christa Roth);
– Uganda (ask Karsten Becktel);
– Central America (ask Art
Donnelly and Paul Anderson);
– Indonesia (ask Nurhuda).
• Larger studies are needed!!!
34. And Yet to Come:
• Applications for larger systems.
– Presentation tomorrow.
• Reaching to the Developed World.
– When the affluent societies face the issues of
fossil fuels, current difficulties for renewable
dry biomass fuels and stoves will disappear.
• Culturally flexible designs.
35. “I estimate that only
20% of what can be
known about TLUD
technology is currently
known.”
Dr TLUD
January 2012
36. Predictions
• Ten dollar TLUDs that will last a year.
• The rise of “tincanium” when the stove
industry embraces the manufacturing
potential of modern metal can production.
• T-Fuels (fuels for TLUDs) widely and
inexpensively available.
• The demise of traditional charcoal stoves.
• Multiple TLUD stoves in households.
• Special purpose TLUDs.
37. Portals to TLUD information:
Paul S. Anderson, PhD “Dr TLUD”
www.drtlud.com
Biomass Energy Foundation (BEF)
www.biomassenergyfndn.org
Chip Energy Inc.
www.chipenergy.com