This document discusses ethnicity and ethnic groups in Pakistan. It defines ethnicity as shared characteristics that distinguish a group. The major ethnic groups in Pakistan are Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns, Muhajirs, and Balochis. Ethnocentrism is examined, which is the view that one's own ethnic group is superior. Ethnocentrism can have positive effects like social solidarity, but also negative effects like creating prejudice and limiting social relations between groups. In conclusion, while ethnocentrism promotes group cohesion, it can also lead to actively despising other ethnic groups.

1. Contemporary
Pakistan
Uni3:Ethnicity

2.  Ethnicity
Definition of Ethnicity, Major Ethnic
groups in Pakistan, What is
Ethnocentrism? Positive and
Negative effects of Ethnocentrism
(Sara Amin, Zainab, Rubab, Saira H,
Caroline, Kaneez, Rahila, Sumaira,
Tahira)

3. Introduction
O Pakistan is a multilingual and multiethnic nation.
Most of the people belong to one of the country’s
five major ethno linguistic groups: Punjabis,
Sindhis, Pashtuns (Pakhtuns), Mohajirs and
Baluchis. Ethnically distinct subgroups exist
within each of these five categories.

4. Introduction
OOverall, ethnic identity is multilayered
and complex and may be based on a
combination of religion, language,
ethnicity, and tribe. The ethnic groups
of Pakistan are distributed according to
their historical settlement in the region.

5. Introduction
OThe current political regions of Pakistan
roughly correspond to the settlement
patterns established long before the
partition of British India in 1947, when
Pakistan was created as a homeland for
Indian Muslims and this political culture
has strong remains of feudalism in it.

6. Ethnicity
O Ethnicity refers to a group of people who
have their own-shared common
characteristics that distinguish them from
most other people in the same society.

8. Major Ethnic Groups in Pakistan
O Along with the proliferating violence and
mass scale bombing, ethnic groups in
Pakistan continue to stroke and force
down the people of this country. This has
not been an issue that erupted a few
decades ago, but had always
encompassed this land since its
birth. After raising the curtains,

9. Punjab
O The province Punjab, also known as the land
of five rivers constitutes various ethnic groups.
Arabs, Afghani’s, Persians and Turks ruled the
land mainly. Even though all these empires
gradually disappeared from Punjab, but their
culture and language became a part of
people’s lives.
O Punjabi language has different dialects and
there are almost 63 dialects of Punjabi are
spoken throughout the province of Punjab.

10. KPK
O Pushtuns, generally referred to
as Pathans, are the natives of West Indus
River. They are the second largest ethnic
group in Pakistan. Their majority
population lives in Karachi and then in
Peshawar. Their unique code of conduct
is based on tribal structure and referred to
as Pushtunwali.

11. Sindh
O The province Sindh exists along the Indus
River and got exposure due to Indus
Valley Civilization.
O Sindhis are the inhabitants of Sindh. The
name of the land was inherited from Indus
Civilization.

12. Baluchistan
O Baluchistan is situated on the South West
side of Pakistan. It is the largest province
of Pakistan The population of Baluchistan
constitutes 6% of Pakistan’s total
population. The people belonging to the
land are referred to as Baluchis.

13. Muhajir
O The word “Muhajir” means migrating from
one place to another. These people are
migrants from Central Asia and Middle
East. The large majority of these people
are Pashtuns; others
include Bohras, Memons and Ismailis.
The one thing, which unites them, is
the Urdu language.
O

14. Seraikis
O Seraikis speak the language Seraiki and
are settled in southern part of Punjab.
This is the second largest community in
Punjab. It is one of the dialects of Punjabi.
There are almost 13.9 million Saraiki
people in Pakistan.

18. Ethnocentrism
O The term ethnocentrism then refers to the
tendency for each society to place its own
culture patterns at the centre of things.
O Ethnocentrism is the practice of comparing
other cultural practices with those of one's
own and automatically finding those other
cultural practices to be inferior.

19. Ethnocentrism
O Everyone learns ethnocentrism while growing up.
The possessiveness of the small child quickly translates
"into my toys are better than your toys" .
O History for example, is often taught to glorify the
achievements of one's own nation, and religious, civic
and other groups disparage their competitors openly.
O Ethnocentrism is a universal human reaction found in all
known societies, in all groups and in practically all
individuals.

20. Positive
Effects of
Ethnocentrism

21. Positive Effects of
Ethnocentrism
1.It encourages social solidarity in groups and in society
by which the forces of co-operation become stronger.
2. It provides protection to group members by, creating
sense of belonging among them, especially those
Members who are weak, poor, hopeless.
3. It promotes nationalism and patriotism among the
members of society.
4.Caste, Biradri and consanguine groups develop by it
in which marriage and other social relations are
facilitated.

22. Negative Effects of
Ethnocentrism

23. Negative Effects of Ethnocentrism
1.It creates tight boundaries among various social groups.
2.The inter-group relations are hampered due to prejudice
against another.
3.The process of social relations among various groups gets
slower.
4.It creates conflict and tension among many groups.
5.The social forces of cooperation face problems in their
operation.

24. 6.It limits an individual in a small social group to
which he belongs and is not influenced by the
general social changes happening around him
in the society.
7.He remains backward in a sense by this way
and adopts little changes.
8.The national development in general is slowed
down in such cultures when ethnocentrism is
emphasized in books, newspapers, radio and
television.
Negative Effects of Ethnocentrism

25. CONCLUSION
Although we typically think of ethnocentrism as
something that is very bad, it can at least
arguably have some good consequences for
group life.
Ethnocentrism is generally seen as a bad thing
because it leads to prejudice and hatred of other
groups.
Ethnocentrism is the belief that our own ethnic
group is different from, and in some way
superior to, other ethnic groups.
This can lead us to actively despise other
groups and, at times, to try to harm them.

26. CONCLUSION
Ethnocentrism can help to prevent this.
If people have the attitude that their group is
better than others,
It can give them a sense of identity that
binds them to one another.
In that way, ethnocentrism can lead to
greater cohesion within a group.