Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care Across the Lifespan In your role as a PMHNP, you will regularly encounter situations that require your ability to make sound judgments and practice decisions for the safety and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. There may not be a clear-cut answer of how to address the issue, but your ethical decision making must be based on evidence-based practice and what is good, right, and beneficial for patients. You will encounter patients who do not hold your values, but you must remain professional and unbiased in the care you provide to all patients regardless of their background or worldview. You must be prepared to critically analyze ethical situations and develop an appropriate plan of action. · Analyze salient ethical and legal issues in psychiatric-mental health practice · Analyze the impact of cultural considerations on ethical/legal decision making in advanced practice nursing · Evaluate mastery of nurse practitioner knowledge in preparation for the nurse practitioner national certification examination*Discussion: Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care Advanced practice nursing in all specialties is guided by codes of ethics that put the care, rights, duty, health, and safety of the patient first and foremost. PMHNP practice is also guided by ethical codes specifically for psychiatry. These ethical codes are  frameworks to guide clinical decision making; they are generally not prescriptive. They also represent the aspirational ideals for the profession. Laws, on the other hand, dictate the requirements that must be followed. In this way, legal codes may be thought to represent the minimum standards of care, and ethics represent the highest goals for care.  Photo Credit: [Hero Images]/[Hero Images]/Getty Images For this Discussion, you select a topic that has both legal and ethical implications for PMHNP practice and then perform a literature review on the topic. Your goal will be to identify the most salient legal and ethical facets of the issue for PMHNP practice, and also how these facets differ in the care of adult patients versus children. Keep in mind as you research your issue, that laws differ by state and your clinical practice will be dictated by the laws that govern your state.To Prepare · Select one of the following ethical/legal topics: · Autonomy · Beneficence · Justice · Fidelity · Veracity · Involuntary hospitalization and due process of civil commitment · Informed assent/consent and capacity · Duty to warn · Restraints · HIPPA · Child and elder abuse reporting · Tort law · Negligence/malpractice · locate a total of four scholarly, professional, or legal resources related to this topic. One should address ethical considerations related to this topic for adults, one should be on ethical considerations related to this topic for children/adolescents, one should be on legal considerations related to this ...

1. Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care Across the
Lifespan
In your role as a PMHNP, you will regularly encounter
situations that require your ability to make sound judgments and
practice decisions for the safety and well-being of individuals,
families, and communities. There may not be a clear-cut answer
of how to address the issue, but your ethical decision making
must be based on evidence-based practice and what is good,
right, and beneficial for patients. You will encounter patients
who do not hold your values, but you must remain professional
and unbiased in the care you provide to all patients regardless
of their background or worldview. You must be prepared to
critically analyze ethical situations and develop an appropriate
plan of action.
· Analyze salient ethical and legal issues in psychiatric-mental
health practice
· Analyze the impact of cultural considerations on ethical/legal
decision making in advanced practice nursing
· Evaluate mastery of nurse practitioner knowledge in
preparation for the nurse practitioner national certification
examination*Discussion: Ethical and Legal Foundations of
PMHNP Care
Advanced practice nursing in all specialties is guided by codes
of ethics that put the care, rights, duty, health, and safety of the
patient first and foremost. PMHNP practice is also guided by
ethical codes specifically for psychiatry. These ethical codes
are
frameworks to guide clinical decision making; they are
generally not prescriptive. They also represent the aspirational
ideals for the profession. Laws, on the other hand, dictate the
requirements that must be followed. In this way, legal codes
may be thought to represent the minimum standards of care, and
ethics represent the highest goals for care.

2. Photo Credit: [Hero Images]/[Hero Images]/Getty Images
For this Discussion, you select a topic that has both legal and
ethical implications for PMHNP practice and then perform a
literature review on the topic. Your goal will be to identify the
most salient legal and ethical facets of the issue for PMHNP
practice, and also how these facets differ in the care of adult
patients versus children.
Keep in mind as you research your issue, that laws
differ by state and your clinical practice will be dictated by the
laws that govern your state.To Prepare
·
Select one of the following ethical/legal topics:
· Autonomy
· Beneficence
· Justice
· Fidelity
· Veracity
· Involuntary hospitalization and due process of civil
commitment
· Informed assent/consent and capacity
· Duty to warn
· Restraints
· HIPPA
· Child and elder abuse reporting
· Tort law
· Negligence/malpractice
·
locate a total of four scholarly, professional, or legal
resources related to this topic. One should address ethical
considerations related to this topic for adults, one should be on
ethical considerations related to this topic for
children/adolescents, one should be on legal considerations
related to this topic for adults, and one should be on legal
considerations related to this topic for children/adolescents.

3. Briefly identify the topic you selected. Then, summarize the
articles you selected, explaining the most salient ethical and
legal issues related to the topic as they concern psychiatric-
mental health practice for children/adolescents and for adults.
Explain how this information could apply to your clinical
practice, including specific implications for practice within
your state.
Attach the PDFs of your articles.
Kendra La’Trell Bedford
Phone: (912) 856-2413 *
Email: [email protected]
Objective
Aiming to secure employment with a reputable company, where
I can utilize my skills and educational
background to the maximum.
Work Experience
SPED Paraprofessional……………...…………………….February
2022 to Current
Savannah Chatham County Public School System
• Assist the general education teacher with daily activities
• Assist special need students in all areas
• Track special need students’ progress through progress
monitoring
Medical Staff………..…...………………September 2021 to
February 2022 (TEMP)
J.C.Lewis Primary Health Care Center

4. • Clinic reporting (Provider Productivity)
• Optometry Assistant
Secretary…………………………..………………..……Januar y
2011 to March 2020
Thankful Baptist Church., Savannah, GA
• Answer and direct phone calls
• Organize and schedule appointments
• Plan meetings and take detailed minutes
• Write and distribute email, correspondence memos, letters,
faxes and forms
• Assist in the preparation of regularly scheduled reports
• Develop and maintain a filing system
• Update and maintain office policies and procedures
• Order office supplies and research new deals and suppliers
• Maintain contact lists
• Submit and reconcile expense reports
• Provide general support to visitors
• Act as the point of contact for internal and external clients
• Liaise with executive and senior administrative assistants to
handle requests
and queries from senior manage
Education
Master’s Degree – Healthcare Service Administration
September 2022
Strayer University, Washington, D.C.
Bachelor’s degree – Public Health (Minor: Sociology) May
2020
Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA

5. Associate in Science Degree May 2017
Technical College of the Lowcountry
Summary of Skills
▪ Customer Service
skills
▪ Teamwork Skills
▪ Effective
Communication
(verbal & written)
▪ Accounting
▪ Conflict
Resolution
▪ Decision Making
▪ Administration
Skills
▪ Data Entry
▪ Calendar
Management
▪ Microsoft Office
▪ Record Keeping
▪ Organizational
Skills

6. ▪ Critical Thinking
▪ Problem Solving
▪ Self-Management
▪ Self- Motivation
▪ Multitasking
▪ Time-Management
▪ Bookkeeping
▪ Typing 65+ WPM
▪ Creativity
Introduction
Locate a health administration position on a career website that
you are interested in applying for. Be aspirational! It does not
have to be a job you qualify for at the moment, but one that may
be of interest to you in the future. Take a screenshot or make a
PDF of the job posting to submit with your assignment.
Imagine you applied for this position and have been selected as
a finalist. To better get to know you, the interview panel has
asked each candidate to provide an updated cover letter, resume,
and video introduction. As a finalist, you have been instructed
to record a 60–90 second video, utilizing professional attire,
and explaining why you are the best candidate for the
promotion.
Assignment Instructions
For this assignment, you will provide the following:
· Copy of the job posting.
· 1-page cover letter.
· resume.
· 60–90 second video (use your PC or smartphone).
*** half of page explaining why im the best
candidate****
Your assignment must include the elements listed below. Note
that these instructions correspond to the grading criteria for this
assignment. You may also want to review the performance-level

7. descriptions for each criterion in the scoring guide to see how
your work will be assessed:
1. Summarize your interest in the selected job in a cover letter
to the prospective employer.
2. Present your qualifications, education, and background in a
professional resume.
3. Use proper grammar, clear language, and correct spelling in
all written communication.
4. Construct your resume using legible resume sections: contact
information, resume, summary, work experience, education, and
skills.
5. Create a professional video resume, utilizing professional
attire and communications skills.
6. Introduce yourself in the video. Summarize your
accomplishments and explain why you are the best candidate for
the position.
Respond to
two of your colleagues by sharing cultural
considerations that may impact the legal or ethical issues
present in their articles.
1.
respond
WK.2.respond
Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care
Adaeze
Mental health providers are required to consider the legal and
ethical implications to ensure patient satisfaction and improve
health outcomes. The code of ethics provides healthcare
professionals with rules and guidelines for treating patients.
The discussion will focus on the issue of informed consent.
Informed consent is one of the essential issues in mental health

8. settings and focuses on emphasizing respect for persons
(Lamont et al., 2019). The issue relates to autonomy because the
patient must accept or refuse treatment. Additionally, informed
consent involves the permission of care between the healthcare
professional and the patient. However, there are differences
involved in the case of informed consent when treating children
or adolescents and adults.
The other article by Lamont et al. (2019) focuses on ethical
considerations linked to informed consent when dealing with
children and adolescents. According to the article's most salient
ethical issue, though parents are allowed to undertake informed
consent and engage in decision-making when treating
adolescents, in case the adolescent refuses a certain tr eatment,
it is unethical for the healthcare professional to continue with
the treatment. The article by Mathai et al. (2022), it is ethical
for the adult patient to be offered the legal right to consent.
However, the healthcare provider may not offer this right if the
mental capacity and understanding of the patient are
overwhelmed.
The salient legal issue that emerges from the article by
Carnevale et al. (2021) is that adolescents and children are
incompetent when making psychotherapy decisions. According
to O'Shea et a. (2022), healthcare professionals have a legal
mandate to uphold their patient's autonomy and offer informed
consent unless the patient shows cases of limitation of their
cognitive capacity.
This information will apply to treating adults with mental
capabilities limitations in my clinical practice. Also, it will be
used to treat children and adolescents who do not require the
clinicians to continue with certain treatments contrary to their
parent's or guardians' views. In Ohio, psychiatric nurse
practitioners should not make decisions for their patients and
should offer full consent to adult patients. However, parents and
guardians make decisions for children and adolescents.
0969733016687162 (1).pdf5af2a29d-f060-4562-9f89-

9. 17bffccf40ff.pdf
References
Carnevale, F. A., Collin‐ Vézina, D., Macdonald, M. E.,
Ménard, J. F., Talwar, V., & Van Praagh, S. (2021). Childhood
ethics: An ontological advancement for childhood studies.
Children & Society,
35(1), 110-124.
Lamont, S., Stewart, C., & Chiarella, M. (2019). Capacity and
consent: knowledge and practice of legal and healthcare
standards.
Nursing Ethics,
26(1), 71-83.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733016687162
Mathai, D. S., Lee, S. M., Mora, V., O'Donnell, K. C., Garcia-
Romeu, A., & Storch, E. A. (2022). Mapping consent practices
for outpatient psychiatric use of ketamine.
Journal of Affective Disorders,
312, 113-121.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.036
O’Shea, D. U., Gabel, N., Aghjayan, S., Shmidheiser, M., &
Divers, R. (2022). Guiding Principles and Common Pitfalls of
Capacity Assessment.
A Casebook of Mental Capacity in US Legislation, 24-
37.
2.Respond
Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care
Darrin

10. As it pertains to a patient’s health, each individual has the right
to make their own decisions of medical treatment. This relates
to the patient choosing doctors, treatment, and etc. in which
they choose to receive care. This is what one can call patient
“autonomy”. Patient “autonomy” is an essential word in
healthcare that everyone in each state in American is required to
have; it’s the medical law. It’s important because it empowers
patients to feel in control and self-assured in the ability to make
educated health decisions and choices of the right doctors that
they believe that is best for themselves. Having patient
autonomy leads to positive health outcomes, however, it is
different for children and adults from legal and ethical views
which also may vary from state to state.
Autonomy in Adults
Ethical Considerations
Autonomy means an adult has the right to make informed
decisions about their medical care and what is best suited for
them. However, the individual must be a competent adult
(Georgia State University, 2021). The article highlights that
autonomy must be honored by every healthcare
providers/practitioner. Providers must provide transparency,
options, openness, and educate patients. Providers must not use
pressure or force patients in making decisions. But providers
must consider age groups, beliefs/religions, view, and most
importantly decision-making abilities on if the individual
competent to make their own healthcare decisions.
Legal Consideraations
In healthcare, it is essential to adhere to the laws in order to
prevent any actions that may be considered illegal regarding
medical treatment. In the state of Georgia regarding autonomy,
one must be the age of 18 or older to be able to make their own
choices regarding healthcare treatment. The adult must be
believed to be able to make their own sensible decisions unless
the individual is not alert and oriented or suffering from a
cognitive issue such as dementia and etc. In the event an
individual is suffering from such, then medical authority will

11. appoint a chosen person such as closest of kin in order to be in
compliance with the state of Georgia standards (Secretary of
State, 2022).
Autonomy in Children and Adolescents
Ethical Considerations
In comparisons to adults, children and adolescents concept
regarding autonomy is not the same; in fact, its limited. For
children and adolescents, parents/guardians are an essential tool
in making decisions regarding treatment or care pertaining to
their health. If the child is able to talk and is competent, then
the child can be involved in the decisions making. The parent,
child, and doctor can discuss choices; triangle sides. The
concept of autonomy controls influenced activities in the
process of getting informed permission from children and
adolescents (Thompson, 2020). This is for the state of Georgia
and many other states. Parents and healthcare providers must
consider the age and competency level of the child when
regarding the decision making. Parents and guardians of the
child have a responsibility to reassure the independence and the
child’s ability to make decisions regarding their health and that
their opinion matters.
Legal Considerations
Anyone under the age of 18 in the state of Georgia,
parents/guardians are involved in making decisions regarding
the child or adolescent autonomy. However, as children get
older, their brains develop which inhabits them to develop
better judgement and insight. Therefore, children with
substantial brain growth, increases their potential to make
choices that are in their best interests (Parsapoor et al., 2017).
But in the state of Georgia and many other states, parents and
guardians by law, have authority in making major decisions
regarding their child’s medical treatment. It is automatically
granted for parents and guardians being the power of attorney
and having the ability to make decisions regarding their child or

12. teenagers health. As stated previously, there are limitations, and
teenagers can make some choices on their own without parents.
In the state of Georgia, teenagers have the right in making
decisions as it pertains to certain healthcare services regarding
to sexual transmitted illnesses and contraceptives.
References
Georgia State University. (2021).
Nurse Practitioner Autonomy in Georgia: Exploring
Barriers to Full Practice Authority. Retrieved from
https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nursing_dnpprojects/28/
Parsapoor, A., Parsapoor, M. B., Rezaei, N., & Asghari, F.
(2017). Autonomy of children and adolescents in consent to
treatment: ethical, jurisprudential and legal considerations.
Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4276576/
Secretary of State. (2022). Rules and Regulations of the State of
Georgia. Retrieved from
https://rules.sos.ga.gov/gac/135-7
Thompson, Haley. (2020). Children’s Autonomy and Medical
Decision Making. Retrieved from
https://scholarship.depauw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=116
4&context=studentresearch
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