Estuaries are transitional areas between land and sea that experience both freshwater and saltwater. They face threats from natural disturbances like winds and tides as well as human impacts such as pollution, development, and invasive species. Estuaries provide environmental services by filtering sediments and pollutants from upland waters. They also act as protective buffers against floods and storms. Additionally, estuaries are critical habitats that support thousands of species and have economic value through activities like tourism, fishing, and transportation.