This document discusses the educational philosophy of essentialism. Essentialism believes that there is a core body of knowledge that should be transmitted to students in an organized, disciplined way in order to produce model citizens. It aims to teach basic skills and subjects as well as traditional values. The curriculum focuses on core academic subjects. Teaching strategies include lecture, recitation, homework and mastery learning. The teacher is the expert who directly instructs passive students. Prominent proponents discussed include William Bagley, E.D. Hirsch Jr., and Theodore Sizer. Essentialism has influenced the Philippine educational system through practices like standardized testing and the use of memorization.

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8. ESSENTIALISM
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9. ESSENTIALISM
• Extremely Important or Necessary.
• Very Basic
• Belief, Attitude, or style
A belief that something is necessary.

10. WHAT IS ESSENTIALISM?

11. ◦Rooted from Idealism and Realism.
◦An American philosophy of education which began in the
1930’s and 1940’s.
◦Common Core Knowledge/ Back to the basic movement.
◦Hard work and mental discipline
◦Teacher-centered
WHAT IS ESSENTIALISM?

12. ◦An educational theory which believes that in education
there is a common core knowledge that should be
transmitted to learners in an organized and disciplined
manner for them to become model citizens.
WHAT IS ESSENTIALISM?

13. AIMS OF EDUCATION

14. AIMS of ESSENTIALISM
◦Teach the basic skills/ subjects.
◦Transmit traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge to
become model citizen.
◦Conserve heritage.
◦Teach the young the essentials they need to live well
in the modern world and become productive and
contributing members of the society.

15. CURRICULUM OF
ESSENTIALISM

16. Curriculum of ESSENTIALISM
Primary Level
Reading, writing, Mathematics
Upper Elementary
◦ Reading, writing, Mathematics, history,
geography, science, languages.
Secondary Level
◦ English, Math, Sciences, Language, Social
Studies, Computer Science.

17. Curriculum of ESSENTIALISM

18. Curriculum of ESSENTIALISM
Teaching Strategies.
◦Lecture, Recitation, Written exams,
Memorization, Homework, Mastery
Learning

19. THE TEACHER

20. Role of Teacher in ESSENTIALISM
◦Teacher-centered
◦Teaches discipline and hard-work
◦The fountain/ Expert of content
knowledge
◦Direct focused tasks
◦Accountable of pupils’ learning.

21. THE LEARNERS

22. Role of Learners in ESSENTIALISM
◦Passive Learners
◦Listen and Learn
◦Trust that the teacher knows
best.

23. PROPONENTS

24. Proponents of ESSENTIALISM
◦Education Reformist.
◦Three main idea:
1. Students had to be taught by an essentialist teacher.
2. The customs of the American culture were to be promoted to
each student regardless of the school they were attending.
3. All students had to be held to a higher standard on the
“essentials”.
William C. Bagley

25. Proponents of ESSENTIALISM
◦ Founder of Core knowledge foundation.
◦ “ Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs
to Know”
◦ He believes that there was a cultural literacy or
baseline knowledge that every person should
have in order to be a productive citizen.
E. D. Hirsch Jr.

26. Proponents of ESSENTIALISM
◦ American Educator who founded (CES)
Coalition of Essential Schools.
◦ He developed the school reform
movement known as the Essential
Schools movement.
DR. THEODORE SIZER

27. 10 Principles of Theodore Sizer
1. Learning to use one’s mind well
2. Less is more: depth over coverage
3. Goals apply to all students
4. Personalization
5. Student-as-worker, teacher-as-coach
6. Demonstration of mastery
7. A tone of decency and trust
8. Commitment to the entire school
9. Resources dedicated to teaching and learning
10.Democracy and equity

28. INFLUENCE OF
ESSENTIALISM ON THE
PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM

29. INFLUENCE OF ESSENTIALISM
◦ Standardized assessment for learners.
◦ Giving of Homework
◦ Lecture/Discussion Method
◦ The use of Mother Tongue as a medium of Instruction
◦ Memorization of basic facts.
◦ Launching of Matatag Curriculum

32. Title Lorem Ipsum
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET,
CONSECTETUER ADIPISCING ELIT.
NUNC VIVERRA IMPERDIET ENIM.
FUSCE EST. VIVAMUS A TELLUS.
PELLENTESQUE HABITANT MORBI
TRISTIQUE SENECTUS ET NETUS.