Essay About Jiao Zi

Essay About Jiao Zi
When people talk about Chinese food culture, I have to mention the traditional Chinese food – Jiao
Zi. After Zhang Zhongjing create "cold–dispelling dumpling soup", it passed to Mongolia in Song
Dynasty (960 – 1279) and became as festival food named Bian Shi. With the conquest of the
Mongolia Empire, Bian Shi gradually introduced to East and North Asia, eat dumplings during
festivals customs gradually for a number of ethnic identity. In Yuan Dynasty (1271 – 1368) Bian Shi
once again returned to China, after Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1912), Bian Shi collectively known as
Jiao Zi and has been spread to today.
Why dumplings called Jiao Zi? In ancient times, people divided one day into twelve periods to
record time, the beginning of one day was called "Zi Shi", which is 11 pm. to 1 am. In New Year's
Eve, Zi Shi is not just a time period for the alternately of the old day and the new day, it is the ...
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During New Year's Eve, they borrowed some flour from their friend, based on they didn't have meat,
so they just use vegetables to make dumplings. Because the flour was borrowed, the dumplings are
very valuable, so they placed the dumplings in a beautiful circle, when the God of Kitchen saw the
dumplings been placed nice and beautiful, he was very happy. At the same time, the rich man's
family in the same village was also making dumplings, with meats and eggs in it, but because the
family eat all kinds of costly foods every day, so they didn't care about dumplings, placed them in a
mess; when they eat their dumplings, the dumpling stuffing is totally different, all of the dumpling
stuffing changed into vegetables, and the poor family's dumpling stuffing changed into meats and
eggs. The God of Kitchen was angry about the rich man's family that they placed the dumplings in a
mess, so he switched the two family's
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The Rise Of Pollution Levels
There I was in Shanghai, China, staring at the sun as if I were trying to look at a lamp behind a
curtain. The rise of pollution levels in China has intrigued the minds of people who never even cared
about the environment before. The People's Republic of China is now the largest emitter of CO2 in
the world. But of course, this a global phenomenon: a global phenomenon that in no way started
with China as Alanna Mitchell would agree to. By the end of the 19th century, the powerful duo that
was industrialization and imperialism spread industrial growth from Great Britain to Southeast Asia.
From the opium wars in the mid 19th century to the economic reforms of 1970s, China has been
incorporated into the global economy as the world's manufacturer. And as we know, modern
manufacturing is heavily reliant on fossil fuels. This has put an immense amount of international
pressure on the Chinese to improve their environmental footprint. But sustainable development
needs to start not just with China, but with all major players in the global economy. Mitchell's
statement, "the idea that the planet's future might come down to China's choices is hard for the West
to fathom"(102) is not only ironic, but a dangerous idea to accept. An historical context of China's
industrialization and urbanization will show you that Western interests in China led to its massive
carbon emission. Further, the root of the problem must be solved the way it started, with help from
the West.

Starbucks Corporation: Competing in a Global Market Essays
MAN 4764 Written Case Assignment Starbucks Corporation: Competing in a Global Market 1.
What factors in the global environment provide opportunities or threats for Starbucks? How do
Starbuck's strengths and weaknesses match up to its opportunities and threats? Factors in the global
environment provide both opportunities and strengths for Starbucks. Opportunities such as increased
revenues, further expansions, and achieving their goal of becoming the most respected brand
worldwide. Starbucks also faced threats. These threats include dealing with growing
antiglobalization overseas and their huge risk of less return on each overseas store, this deriving
from overseas operations being run by local partners instead of Starbucks ... Show more content on
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According to the case, in order to serve their customers with more than mere coffee, Starbucks
strived to create their stores with a distinct feel, yet comfortable, relating to the cultural setting of a
location. This made Starbucks fit its interior décor to the local architecture, especially in historic
buildings. Also, Starbucks was willing (flexible) enough to adapt the food it offered in–store to local
taste. For example, in Asia, Starbucks offers curry puffs and meat buns contrary to what is offered in
North America or Britain. Starbuck's global–level strategy, according to the case, is referred to as the
Starbucks way. In the case it is stated that "the company finds local business partners in most foreign
markets... It tests each country with a handful of stores in trendy districts, using experienced
Starbucks managers." The case further states that Starbucks "then sends local baristas to Seattle for
13 weeks of training. Then it starts opening stores by the dozen."

Causes Of Air Pollution In China
Air Pollution In China
Hazard Overview Air pollution in China is a growing environmental hazard that needs immediate
attention in order to save the lives of millions of citizens. Air pollution in China is known to cause
over one million premature deaths per year (Zhao et. al., 2017). The Chinese have become
accustomed to days when a large fog like cloud covers many of the large cities to a point that the
sun is no longer visible. The fog like substance is actually polluted air, and it has the ability to turn
day into night. The polluted air is not only aesthetically unappealing, it comes with many health
hazards that are detrimental. Breathing in toxic air has been repeatedly linked to higher incidence
rates of both lung cancer and heart disease (Wu, et. al.,2016). Anyone who breathes in the polluted
air is at an increased risk for developing such noncommunicable diseases, but children and the
elderly are at a heightened risk due to their often compensated respiratory and immune systems.
During an average month, China only meets the World Health Organizations target air quality index
for developed countries for six days out of the whole month (Zhao et. al., 2017). The majority of air
pollution issues take place in large cities, the majority of which are concentrated on the east coast of
the country. Wind conditions can also cause the polluted air to shift to neighboring cities. China is
facing such air quality issues due to an exponential growth in their economy in a very

Chinese Cultural Values
The cultural values of a country influence its national psychology and identity. Citizens' values and
public opinions are conveyed to state leaders through the media and other information channels,
both directly and indirectly influencing decisions on foreign policy. The Chinese is one of the
world's oldest cultures, tracing back to hundreds and thousands of years ago. There are more than
fifty ethnic groups in China who are fully diverse. Culture includes religion, food, music, language,
morals and many other things that make up how a group acts and interacts. Chinese art has arguably
the oldest continuous tradition in the world, and is marked by an unusual degree of continuity within
of classical styles. Much of the finest work was produced in large workshops or factories by
essentially unknown artists, especially in the field of Chinese porcelain. Much of the best work in
ceramics, textiles and other techniques was produced over a long period by the various factories or
workshops, which as well as being used by the court was distributed internally and abroad on a huge
scale to demonstrate the wealth and power of the Emperors. Most social values are derived from
Confucianism, Taoism, Daoism and Buddhism. Each unique cultural value can pursue a different
side of storytelling of an event or movement. The traditional cultural values that influence the
psyche of the Chinese people are benevolence/filial piety, righteousness, and harmony.
Benevolence, the fundamental value

My Experience Essay: My Trip To China
When I was on middle school, I spent my holiday vacation with my family to go to China. I went to
some part of China such as Beijing, Luoyang, Shanghai and the others, but I only remembered the
one in the Beijing mostly. I was really surprised that China got many cultures that I had not known
before. These cultures include food, history and some local tradition. In this essay, I will tell my
experience in China and some China's culture that I have gotten in my trip. My journey start from
Indonesia's airport and luckily we did not have to transit to other country since sometimes it was
required to transit due to the flight time taken from Indonesia to Beijing was approximately five and
half hours. When I arrived at Beijing I was surprised ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the time we arrived at the Great Place, I was amazed by the impressive structure and
construction of the long Great Wall. Wikipedia inform that "The Great Wall of China" is a series of
fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an
east–to–west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and
empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. I
headed straight to climb the Great Wall and we there were a lot of steep, therefore we need to be
careful. After passing through some section, I started to become tired and have a heavy breath,
afterwards gulped multiple bottle. Finished my hiking, I straightly headed to "Ming Tomb" where
some China's emperor were buried here. At night, I enjoyed myself with Chinese traditional street's
snack with a lot of food and beverages with varied characteristic and flavor. They offered a dozen of
weird stuff, such as scorpion, silkworm, larvae, seahorse and even cockroaches skewered on a stick.
In addition, they also offer some sweet snacks like pancake with bean paste, rice cake dried fruit
dish and others. I was really curious about the flavor and tried to taste many of these food, some of
them were tasty and some were odd in taste. After enjoying the street's snack, I headed to hotel and
took a

Essay about The Life of a Chinese Farmer
Contemporary World Culture Project Part I
Instructor: Sally Franco
Ashley Guioa
February 5, 2013
The year is 2006, my name is Ashley, and I am a Chinese farmer who lives in the North China Plain
with my husband and three children aged newborn, six, and eleven years old. We are located about
ninety miles from Beijing in which we commute to by means of a fast train when needed. The North
China Plain is known as "China's Breadbasket" because it contains sixty–five percent of its
farmland. My family and I have six acres of land for our farming income and livelihood. Three acres
are used for rice harvesting and the other three acres are used for the growth of vegetables for sale
including cucumbers, peppers, and cabbage. Also owned on ... Show more content on
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On a daily basis we eat a variety of foods cooked in many fashions. For our meat dishes, we
sometimes, fry, bake, braise, steam, roast, or boil them and it contains any of the following: chicken,
fish, pork, or beef. Of course we consume a lot of rice with our meals, some of which are stir fry
dishes that contain meat, vegetables, and rice. In addition our Chinese culture has several different
soups as well. We are creative with our meals based on the vegetables, meats, and rice that we
produce ourselves. Occasionally we will venture out to the local markets to purchase other types of
food for a little more variety, when we have the extra money or additional goods of our own for
trade. Local markets can be found all over the streets of China in every area and consist of items
such as vegetables, meats, fish, sweets, and even everyday items such as silk, tea, jade, porcelain,
household items, etc. Living in poverty as a Chinese farmer in the year 2006 isn't an easy life. It's
the only life that I've known, therefore, the only life that my children have known. Income isn't
always steady and part–time help on the farm isn't always available. We can only do the best that we
can. I have several fears and worries on a constant basis including not selling enough products to
make income, or even break even in a year's worth of hard work and dedication. I also fear that
major storms and/or weather conditions at any

The novel Forbidden City by William Bell
Roar of the Heart
"There is danger0from all men.0The only maxim of a free government ought to be to trust no
man0living with power to endanger the0public liberty." says Ayn Rand. The novel Forbidden City
by William Bell tells us a real story about students and civilians democracy in0Beijing, China in
1989. The government no0longer works for people when the movement0becomes violent and a
power struggle between the government and people appears. In a word, power0can take
over0freedom when a certain0group of people controls it all, but it can't control people's0thoughts
forever. Firstly, the setting shows the background0which is thousands of students were doing hunger
strike in Tian An0Men Square because of freedom. The Character Lao Xu is one of the leaders in the
activity of hunger strike Lao Xu sacrificed because saving students. Finally the conflict between
China0and citizen shows that government cannot ignore any citizens and controls their thoughts. At
that time, the government0tries to control the power tightly in0his hand, and destroys
any0possibilities that may over power it, even its0own0residents. This is the background0and
setting during0that time period. The government starts to take action, "tiny sparks of flame sparkled
at the front of each tank" and people can0clearly "hear the roar of machine–gun fire."(Bell 110)
Personification0and imagery can be founded in this quotation. It is the0beginning where the
movement really becomes violent and bloody, and

How Did The Causes Of China Lead To Economic Success
With a gross domestic product (GDP) calculated at the equivalent of $11.06 trillion and an average
growth rate of 1.84 percent, China has the potential to surpass the United States' economy by the
year 2030 (citation 1). China's rapid GDP growth is caused mainly by state investment, high
exportation, and successes with e–commerce (citation 2). However, China was not always a country
eager to open its doors to economic opportunity. Instead, the government strove to maintain self–
dependency and to limit influence from other countries. Through the decades of isolation, many
countries attempted to gain trade relations with China. These attempts usually were unsuccessful. It
wasn't until the late twentieth century until China began forming the economic ... Show more
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Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Bei Song region, obtained power by leading a sudden and violent
seizure of the former Northern Han Empire. Once the empire was nearly under Kuangyin's military's
control, he was able to persuade the opposing side to appoint him as the new emperor, under his
temple name of Taizu (citation 4). Taizu maintained rule of the Song Dynasty until his death in 976.
Taizu's younger brother, the Taizong emperor, succeeded him. Taizong continued his late brother's
work of attempting to unify China by eliminating their enemies (citation 5). The attempts were
unsuccessful and, instead, the Bei Song Dynasty solely maintained peace. The emperors following
Taizong allowed the bureaucracy to slowly disintegrate, allowing enemy forces to effortlessly take
over. In 1127, the Juchen Tribes overthrew the emperor and took over the Bei region, turning it into
the Jin Empire. The Juchens continued their merciless take over until they reached the Yangtze
River, unable to gain control over the Southern region (citation

China 's Rise Of Power
China's Rise to Power
In the past decade, China has proven their potential to be peaceful in their rise to power. The United
States was acknowledged as one of the leading world powers in the late 19th century, following the
Cold War. This power came to be as a result of significant domestic industrialization and widespread
international influence. However, China's case is a bit more complex. It's rise to power was marked
by the Communist Party's completion of its sixth 5 year plan in 1982. Despite the country's rapid
development, much corruption and violence had occurred in its beginning years. Still, China will
likely not repeat the same mistakes and will avoid international conflict in its advancement. This can
be predicted by examining the country's current economic growth, stable relationships with trading
partners, and their keen focus on keeping citizens satisfied with the government.
The Chinese Communist revolution, beginning in 1949, signified the start of the country's desire for
social, political, and economic change. Mao Zedong, founder of the People's Republic of China,
grew up in poverty and aimed to dismantle a system of inequality and oppression. His platform was
enticing and quickly supported by many. Still, this revolution was not a peaceful one. His Red Army
successfully defeated both the US Army and the Japanese. As a result, China was reunified as a
sovereign state. However, this seems to be the height of Mao Zedong's positive influence. His so–
called

Ai Weiwei Research Paper
Ai Weiwei is arguably the most iconic artist in China today, his ability to be creative and express his
mind and beliefs on a government that does not appreciate it is very unique. As an activist, he calls
attention to human rights violations on a high scale; as an artist, he expands the definition of art
through expression. His works have put him in trouble with Chinese law, but he continues to fight
for his beliefs influences the common Chinese cititzens and continues to make him a true global
icon. Ai Weiwei was born on August 28, 1958 to Gao Ying and famous poet Ai Qing, in Beijing,
China. In 1958, His father was denounced as a criminal following an anti–rightist campaign by Mao
aimed at silencing intellectuals who oppose his regime. Weiwei's ... Show more content on
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Many citizens around the world appreciate that there is a brave soul that is willing to sacrifice his
freedom and maybe even his life to express his mind. This was shown when Ai Weiwei was detained
in 2011. Ming Pao in Hong Kong reacted strongly to the state media's character attack on Ai, saying
that authorities had employed "a chain of actions outside the law, doing further damage to an already
weak system of laws, and to the overall image of the country. The United States and European
Union also protested Ai's imprisonment. The international arts community also started petitions
calling for the release of Ai Weiwei . A piece called "1001 Chairs for Ai Weiwei" was organized by
Creative Time of New York that called for artists to bring chairs to Chinese embassies and
consulates around the world on April 17, 2011, at 1 pm local time "to sit peacefully in support of the
artist's immediate release. Even through his struggles he was also able to help the Chinese
government by helping decorate the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. He collaborated with other artists to
create the birds nest design for the stadium, but soon fell out of favor with the government by
making remarks about a poorly constructed school that collapsed during a

My First Choice Program
I am applying to my first choice program because I want to take intensive Chinese at one of the best
universities in the world, and I also want to experience the culture that my dad has told me so much
about since my freshman year of high school. Attending Peking University to study Chinese will
help me meet my academic goals because currently I am a Chinese Studies intended major, and
apart from having to study abroad, going to China on an immersion track will greatly help my
Mandarin an immeasurable amount. I wish to advance my understanding, ability to speak the
language in conversations, and try to become as close to fluent as possible. Ever since my dad
signed me up for Chinese my freshman year of high school, without me knowing, it has always been
a personal goal of mine to be fluent, or as close as I could get. Going to this university on this track
will be the best way for me to reach that goal. Since my introduction to the Chinese language, a
fascination has been born with China and Beijing in particular. My dad would always go on business
trips to Beijing and bring back ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I have been outside the United States two times to go to Ireland and the Dominican Republic. The
first trip to Ireland was when I was a freshman in highschool and I had no idea what to expect
because I had not applied to this program. My brother, who was a senior at my high school, had
applied the year before, and decided to let me go to Ireland in his place. It was nothing as long as
this trip would be, but I was put in a very uncomfortable situation my first year in highschool and
had to adapt to what was going on. I ended up loving the experience and it created my interest in
traveling abroad and what eventually brought me to The University of

Week 4 Hist 276 Essay
University of Phoenix Material
Week 4 Worksheet
As you read this week's required materials, complete this worksheet. This is a multipage assignment;
double–check that you completed each page before submitting.
Part I: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences.
Ming–Dynasty China
a. The population of China approximately doubled between the start of the Ming dynasty in 1368
and its collapse and replacement by the Manchus in 1415 in North China . This population increase,
along with a reduction in government regulation, led to China's Commercial Revolution, which
lasted from 1500 and 1800. Economic advances during this ... Show more content on
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Due to lack of interest, however, the Chinese halted these voyages.
Qing–Dynasty China
a. The Qing dynasty was proclaimed by rulers of the former Chinese vassal, the celestial kingdom ,
with its first capital at Shenyang (Mukden). When the Ming dynasty fell to rebel forces in 1644, the
Qing earned the support of much of the bureaucracy and military by presenting themselves as
protectors of the manchurian order. The Qing capital was moved to beijing that same year, and the
new dynasty had reconquered all of southern China by Ming generals . b. The emperor Kangxi led
the conquest of the island of Taiwan , home to Chinese and Japanese pirates, in 1681. Struggles with
a new rival to the north and northwest, manchurians , led to constant conflict and extensive
territorial gains for China. c. The Chinese population and commerce continued to expand under the
Qing dynasty, fueled by new crops from the Tang , new silver and copper mines, and silver acquired
through trade with northern countries. d. Contact with the West increased in the 17th century, but in
the early 18th century, the Qing rulers restricted trade to land outside the walls of beijing . The 1793
British mission to expand trade did not succeed, and the emperor Qianlong explained in a letter to
George III that

The Democracy And Human Rights
For as long as it has existed, the Chinese government has been power hungry, They have limited the
freedom of citizens so that they can make the decisions themselves, such as not allowing citizens to
vote for government officials. Instead, officials are simply appointed by others in government.
Citizens want reform, protests have occurred across the country for change to a democratic system
so that citizens can finally elect the people that represent them. This would give citizens more
power, but as result, take some away from the government, which they do not want. The Chinese
government needs to listen to their citizens and change to a democratic system to give them more
freedom and make them happier. The status of democracy and human rights in China is not where it
could be. Both are limited in the following ways. According to Noah Berlatsky, "China's
government is authoritarian and undemocratic. Leaders are for the most part appointed and not
elected. Media in China are regulated, and protest against the government is strictly limited"
(Berlatsky). This means that the citizens of China do not have the ability to influence who is elected.
The already appointed government officials decide and appoint others. The Chinese government
also strictly limits protesting. There is a popular practice known as Falun Gong, which includes
exercises and the study of several books. This was founded by Li Hongzhi in 1992, and by 1998, it
had 70 million practitioners. The Chinese

Forbidden City
Chinese Culture
The Forbidden City
Introduction
The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the mid–Ming Dynasty to the end of the
Qing Dynasty. It is located in the middle of Beijing, and now houses the Palace Museum. It was
built from 1406 to 1420 by the third Ming emperor Yongle, who upon usurping the throne,
determined to move his capital north from Nanjing to Beijing. In 1911 the Qing dynasty fell to the
republican revolutionaries. The last emperor, Puyi溥儀, continued to live in the palace after his
abdication until he was expelled in 1924. Twenty–four emperors lived and ruled from this palace
during this 500–year span. "The Forbidden City" is a translation of the Chinese name Zijin Cheng紫
禁城. The name "Zijin Cheng" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These were laid out precisely in accordance with a code of architectural hierarchy, which designated
specific features to reflect the paramount authority and status of the emperor. No ordinary mortal
would have been allowed or even dared to come within close proximity of these buildings.[2]
The Last Owner – Puyi溥儀 After the republican revolution, this Palace as a whole would have been
sequestered by the Nationalist government were it not for the "Articles of Favorable Treatment of
the Qing House"清室優待條件which allowed Puyi 溥儀to live on in the Inner Court after his
abdication. Meanwhile, all of the imperial treasures from palaces in Rehe (today's Chengde承德)
and Mukden (today's Shenyang沈陽) were moved to the Forbidden City for public display in
History Museum established at the Outer Court in 1914.[3]
In 1924, during a coup launched by the warlord Feng Yuxiang馮玉祥, Puyi was expelled from the
Forbidden City and the management of the palace fell to the charge of a committee set up to deal
with the concerns of the deposed imperial family. The committee began a sorting and counting of
the imperial treasures. A year of intense preparations later, its members arranged a grand ceremony
on 10 October 1925 in front of the Palace of Heavenly Purity乾清門to mark the inception of the
Palace Museum.
My Impression Although I already travel the Forbidden City for twice time, I have not deeply
understand about its

How To Be A Chinese City Essay
Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China; Beijing is the nation's political, economic,
and cultural center. Meanwhile, as one of the six ancient cities in China, Beijing has been the heart
and soul of politics throughout its long history and consequently there is an unparalleled wealth of
discovery to delight and intrigue travelers as they explore the city's ancient past and exciting modern
development. Now it has become one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, with
about 140 million Chinese tourists and 4.4 million international visitors in a year. As a Chinese,
Beijing should be the first place where you should plan to visit. Besides, a sea of delicious food,
such as Beijing Roast Duck, Mongolian Hot Pot and so on, and remarkable and grand scenic spots,
like Badaling Great Wall and The Summer Palace. Next, I will introduce in detail.
The best Beijing attractions are Badaling Great Wall, The Forbidden City and The Summer Palace.
Badaling Great Wall, is located more than 70 kilometers northwest from the center of Beijing city,
with more than 1000 meters above sea level, occupies a commanding and strategic position.
Badaling is the best–preserved section of the Great Wall. 370 foreign leaders and very important
persons have come to climb Badaling successively.
The Forbidden City situated exactly in the heart of the municipality, was home to 24 emperors of the
Ming and Qing Dynasties. The construction of the grand palace started in the fourth

Forbidden City Research Paper
JingXuan.Gui
Professor Dumitriu
PHYS–140
2018.04.16
The Physics Problem in Ancient Forbidden City
(The planimetric Map of Forbidden City)
The Forbidden City is located at the central axis line of Beijing– the capital city of China where has
thousand years history. The Forbidden City was start building at 1406 and completed in December
1420. It is one of the most stunning palaces, the greatest wonder of China and also is the biggest
wooden structure and the largest complex of palace buildings anywhere in the world. The Forbidden
City origin was the home to China's emperors, a place fill of staggering wealth and dazzling
treasures, and a place symbol of power. The Forbidden City is a rectangular city, 961 meters long
from north to south, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Use Taimiao for example, the temple was used to store emperor family's ancestor tablets and also
used for held ancestor worshiping ceremony once a year, it was one of the most important hall in
Forbidden City. The main material that used to build Tamiao are processed Nanmu columns – the
rarest of all Chinese woods. The speciality of Nanmu tree is it is straight, have high density and
highly resistant to rot. Due to the construction speciality of Nanmu tree, it used to be the most
popular construction material in ancient China. Taimiao contains 68 giant columns in total for this
hall, these columns are 30 meters tall, 1.23 meters wide and each Nanmu logs weights tonnes, all
these giant columns supporting the whole building structure. The latest high tech–knowledge laser
scans shows not only Taimiao, but also every main building in Forbidden City contains thousands of
timbers. The roof area in Taimiao alone is revealed as forest of complex beams joints and trusses.
However, Nanmu tree – the main materials that used to construct Forbidden City can only be found
deep in forests over 1800 kilometers away from Beijing. During Forbidden City's construction, to
supply this vast building site, huge quantities of specialized materials were imported from across the
whole country. Over ten thousand Nanmu logs transfers from 1800 kilometers to the south

The Roles Of Drama In Beijing And Opera's Peking Opera
During the 17th and 18th century, drama played a huge role in impacting the urban environment of
Beijing and Edo, and its citizens. Drama, transcended through the virtuality of fictional play and
characters that come to parallel the everyday life of locals. Although Beijing and Edo are two
different cultural regions in the East, their similarity could be accounted for in their inclusiveness of
the local commoners through applying the worldview of lower rank members of society to execute
the play. However, their differences lie in the Edo culture instilling a certain sentiment within the
urban people to act on social injustice or issues. Though drama in Beijing remains to be an
instrumental tool for members of society to relay messages, and act a means to communicate their
true thoughts that could not otherwise be outspoken in a conservative and authoritarian era. In
Beijing, the two most prominent types of drama are known as Peking Opera and Chinese Shadow
Theatre. In Peking Opera, troupes are usually invited to enter the palace to perform their plays.
However, the play that gets to be staged and performed very much gets decided by the audience in
the case that it is performed in the palace. Since misconduct and outspokenness is highly frowned
upon in the palace and court, Peking drama is often used to relay implicit messages that the person
selecting the drama wants the audience to comprehend. For example, Empress Dowager "Cixi often
ordered a Peking Opera called

Society And Culture Of China Under The Ming And Qing...
1171 Society and Culture in China under the Ming and Qing Dynasties Sare Aricanli Word Count:
1938 The personal characteristics of individual emperors played little role in defining rulership in
the Ming. Discuss. Because the Ming Dynasty was founded at the fall of Mongol rule in China, Zhu
Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming China, had to be driven by harsh personal characteristics. He
fought with the Red Turbans against the existing Mongol rule, and afterwards, set out to create a
new dynasty based somewhat on the dynasty that existed before the Mongols. Once Zhu Yuanzhang
created his new government, he set the precedent for how an emperor was supposed to act. From the
time Yuanzhang passed on rulership to his son to the end of the Ming Dynasty the variance in the
actions of emperors varied just slightly. This contributed to the fact that the personal characteristics
of emperors played little role in defining rulership in the Ming. It is important to keep in mind that
the slight variance in rulership occurred after the initial actions of the founding emperor –– the first
emperor had to create the foundations of Ming rulership; however, the actions of proceeding
emperors largely maintained the status quo. Four main examples of this continuity from the end of
the founding emperors rule to the last Ming emperors rule will be discussed. These include:
recruitment for the civil service exams, the use of eunuchs, the cruelty of emperors, or the role of
confucianism in

Tiananmen Square Massacre Research Paper
In 1989, Chinese students protested because of the death of the Chinese Communist leader and
because no actions for reform were being made. During these protests, many students were being
arrested for speaking against the government and some students were even being killed for their
actions. This event became known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre because of the tremendous
amount of students killed there. The number of casualties varied between 150– 10,000 people. This
event has significance because this demonstration had a tremendous amount of casualties. After the
massacre the U.S. got involved by imposing diplomatic and economic sanctions against China.
November 9, 1989: The Berlin Wall is dismantled. The Berlin Wall was originally a source of
division in Europe for the Cold War. The East Berlin region announced that citizens would be able
to cross the border into Western Europe. The dismantling of the wall had major significance because
it reinstalled the peace between West and East Europe that wasn't there for over 40 years. Ronald
Reagan even encouraged the Soviet Union leader, Gorbachev, to bring down the wall in 1987 and
many Americans believed that his speech impacted the tearing down of wall. The dismantling
signified the reinstallation of human rights for those that were stuck in the border for years.
1991
August 2,1990 – February 28, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In response to the Iraqi invasions the U.S. and some Middle Eastern countries created the anti–Iraq
coalition to challenge them. Bush was trying to relieve Kuwait from Iraq. While America was
successful, this war set the tone that the U.S. would always be involved in Middle Eastern conflicts
and fueled antagonistic sentiment toward America. This was significant because it helped provoke
uprisings against Hussein, and when he refused to step down the Second Persian Gulf War

Wild Swans by Jun Chang
Jung Chang is a Chinese–born British writer that is known for her award–winning book, Wild
Swans. After having several jobs at a young age, Jung Chang became an English–language student,
and an assistant lecturer at Sichuan University. In 1978, Chang left China for Britain, where the
University of York awarded her a scholarship. At the university, she acquired a Ph.D. in linguistics
in 1982. Interestingly, Chang was the first person from the People's Republic of China to obtain a
doctorate from a British university. Jung Chang's husband, Jon Halliday, is the collaborating author
of the biography. He is an Irish historian that focuses on the history of modern Asia. Halliday was a
former Senior Visiting Research Fellow at King's College, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These secret assassinations led Mao Zedong to be a step closer of taking over China. Nevertheless,
Chairman Mao was never convicted for the deaths since he was the leader of People's Republic of
China. Additionally, the authors wanted to depict the way that Mao Zedong was using his power for
own personal gain. As it was written in the text, "Mao was the only millionaire created in Mao's
China." (333) Based on the statement, Chairman Mao presumably seized all the finest items away
from the people, while they suffered from the dearth of food. Also, Chang and Halliday highlighted
that the chairman immensely wanted power by contacting Soviet Union's leader, Joseph Stalin.
Gaining 'support' and approval from Soviet Union would help establishing Chairman Mao's rank
among the Chinese regime. Although, Mao was not the only individual that Joseph Stalin worked
with. Based on the information, Mao Zedong noticed a huge opportunity that could boost up his
position that the authors emphasized. Mao: The Unknown Story was a remarkable and dramatizing
biography of Mao Zedong. Jung Chang and Jon Halliday depicted China's chairman as pitiless
leader that was behind the majority of the slaughters under his rule. The effects that Mao left on
China were astonishing to learn about. Mao's philosophy was the strangest thought that did not
function properly as it should have. Cravings for absolute power made Chairman Mao to become a
vicious tyrant. Mao Zedong's impact on China was an

Tourism : An Introduction To The Chinese Tourism
Hello,everyone! I'm the head of the Beijing tourism department, it's my pleasure to introduce
Beijing to you. As we all know, Beijing is the capital of China, it has been a modern city with the
development of economy. Even now, it still has so many historic buildings to visit. Next I will
introduce you. If you want to learn China, Beijing is the first choice. Beijing is not only the Chinese
capital, but also has many places of interest. By visiting these places, you can be familiar with
Chinese history, it will be a good journey.
There are so many attractions in Beijing, you can choose several typical places to visit. Now,I will
introduce to you some places.
The first place I will introduce to you is the Imperial Palace. The Imperial Palace is located in the
center of Beijing, it has a history of over 500 years and has undergone two generations of Ming and
Qing Dynasties, twenty–four emperors. Because of its long history, the Imperial Palace deserves the
first choice.
The second place I will introduce to you is the Museum of Chinese History. If you are interested in
Chinese history, travling it is a good choice that can't be missed. The Museum of Chinese History is
the Museum of Chinese national history, it is located on the east side of Tiananmen square in
Beijing. Also, it's an important cultural relics collection institution which has more than 320
thousand pieces and 1000 kinds of rare books. I have to say, visiting the Museum of Chinese History
is a quick way to

Types Of Peking Opera
China is known for their traditional theatre art form, the Peking opera, or Beijing opera which
combines music, vocal, performance, pantomime, dance, and acrobatics. It started in the late 18th
century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid 19th century. During the Qing
Dynasty court, it became extremely popular and came to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures
of China. Beijing, Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south was where their major
performances were based in. There are four main types of Peking opera. The four main types are
Sheng, Tan, Ching, and Ch'ou. The first type is Sheng. Sheng was for heroic characters. There are 3
types of Sheng. Those types are wusheng, laosheng, and siaosheng. Wusheng were warriors and
heroes. Laosheng are scholars, officials, and advisors. Siaosheng are young scholars and lovers. The
second type of Peking opera is tan. Tan were originally for women role, but men usually played the
role. There is 5 types of tan. The five types of tan are blue cloth man, flower tan, laotian, wutan, and
ch'outan. Blue cloth women are usually middle age and wear blue sleeves. Flower tan women are
usually flirtatious. Loatan are usually older women. Ch'outan are women who are very ugly. Wutan
women are usually heroins. The third type is ching. Ching is where people would paint their face
instead of using masks. The character usually had supernatural power. There are 3 types of ching.
The three types are fuching, wuching, and

Chinese Cultural Issues
Cultural Issues/Differences – China has a very old and complex culture. Traditions vary between
towns, cities and country areas.
Chinese culture developed in isolation from the world – which means it is very different, and
interesting. The Chinese are not very religious, and have blended different religions over time. In
business, the Chinese value relationships. In architecture, symmetry and width are strong eg
Forbidden city. Chinese food is very important, and local recipes are now found all over the world.
Cultural activities, like the Temple Fair and the Lantern Festival (Chinese New Year) are special
times for locals.
Customs – Tipping is NOT part of the Chinese culture, haggling is normal. Beijing though which
has many tourists and has become somewhat used to tipping. Greeting each other in China is by
bowing or nodding. When addressing people use their title and surname. Acknowledge the oldest
person first. In China you should avoid physical contact, and especially avoid touching a woman in
public. Public displays of affection are frowned on. Dress – in most settings in China people are
expected to dress modestly, not showing too much bare skin. Public toilets often just a hole in the
floor = No privacy!. There is usually a fee to pay, and you will need your own toilet paper.
McDonalds does have western–style toilets.
Social Issues – Like any country, there are social issues and problems faced by people. Some of the
bigger concerns are:
– Corrupt

Empress Cixi: The Origins Of The Forbidden City
The Origins of the Forbidden City Also known as the Purple Forbidden City, the city that rose from
a troubled reign withstood natural disasters, corrupted emperors, and a constant enemy. It was the
third imperial palace built in Beijing, constructed during the 15th century. As it faced various
threats, the unity of the citizens seemed to grow stronger and the emperors became exceedingly
fervent. As it mimicked the original Imperial Palace created by the means of the Hongwu Emperor
in Nanjing, it held a traditional and significant purpose. Built with efforts to retain traditional and
significant Chinese culture, the Forbidden City was constructed as a result of political defense, but
later lost its' symbolism from the renovations held under ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
After the construction of the Forbidden City was completed, the buildings were prepared for
religious ceremonies, imperial weddings, and regal events for the emperor and his family. It brought
joy to the people who inhabited the Forbidden City, and with these rituals set in place, the citizens
who lived within the city were united, however the renovations that Empress Dowager Cixi began
changed the layout of the city and resulted in the initial symbol to be altered. The original
architectural layout of the city was "fundamentally changed when the empress dowager Cixi
renovated the Palace of Eternal Spring and the Palace of Gathered Elegance...", states Peng. The
initial symbol, K'un, was "transformed [from] the original layout of six palace compounds into
four," and broke the shape of the symbolic trigram (Peng). This was the first action taken by the
ruler of the Forbidden City that would result in its' destruction. The trigram represented their
strength and unification, so it quite literally eroded the wholeness of the city and its citizens.
However, during the late 19th century, rebellions were being sprung up and caused difficulty for the
Empress to manage her empire. Along with Western powers quickly becoming a threat to her, she
"decided to use the Boxers to remove the foreign powers from China." She had tremendous power
over her empire at this point, as proven by the Imperial forces that joined the Boxers in their fight
against foreigners. This fight was subsequently brought to Beijing and a neighboring city named
Tianjin. The Forbidden City was stuck in between a battle, almost a war, between countries from all
over the world. In 1901, when the conflict between the Empress Cixi

China Facts
Arts/Entertainment
The developments and introduction of Chinese Art dates back as far as 960 AD. Early forms of art in
China were made from pottery and jade in the Neolithic period. The gist of Chinese art encompasses
fine arts, folk arts, and performance arts. The most common types/forms of arts and entertainment in
the Chinese culture and China are as follows:
1. Literature
2. Chinese Folk Art
3. Visual Art
4. Film
5. Chinese Music
6. Performing Arts
7. Gardening
8. Architecture
The start era for Chinese literature was the Spring and Autumn period. Chinese culture contains
various groups of literature, including: Early Chinese poetry, Han and Northern dynasties poetry,
Golden Age of Chinese poetry, Li Bai and Du Fu, Late ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2012, the country snagged the title of being the second–largest market in the world by box office
receipts.
Magazines, journals, and internet sites are also three very common forms of entertainment in China,
as well as other countries all over the world. The Duzhe is China's most renowned magazine. It is a
semi–monthly Chinese broad–spectrum interest magazine. The magazine holds information on
various subjects such as stories, celebrity's biography, jokes, anecdotes, quotations. The Duzhe,
pictured below, is frequently recognized as the Chinese version of The New Yorker.
[pic]
Currently, 46.03% of nearly 1.4 billion of the world's largest population in China uses the internet.
(Wong, 2014) This means that almost half of 1.4 billion people (.7 million people), whether they are
using search engines, shopping, or just surfing the web use and utilize the internet everyday. The
Top 10 Websites in China by Traffic in 2014 are as follows: (Wong, 2014)

1. Baidu (Search)
2. QQ (Search)
3. TaoBao (Shopping)
4. Sina (Search)
5. Hao123 (Search)
6. Sina Weibo (Social)
7. Tmall (Shopping)
8. Sohu (Search)
9. 360.cn (Search)
10. 163.com (Social)
Tourist Attractions
With a population of over 1.35 billion, China is the most populated country in the world. So, it is not
difficult to imagine how many tourists desire to see the intriguing and fascinating country. There

Descriptive Speech About Tourism
As a member of Liao Cheng, Shandong, I'm very honored to became the head of Liao Cheng
Tourism Department. I grew up here and I love everything in here.
At first, I want to introduce my hometown–Liao Cheng–briefly for you. Liao Cheng, also known as
the Water City, is a prefecture–level city in western Shandong province, People's Republic of China.
It is a prefecture–level city. It borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the southeast, Dezhou to the
northeast, Tai'an to the south, and the province of Hebei and Henan to the west.
There are a lot of people all year round, the resident population is about 5.79 million people.
Because it has a long history and rich cultural heritage, Liao Cheng is a good tourist city in China.
Meanwhile, it belongs to the zone of the continental monsoon climate, it is suitable for people to
live for a long time, and it is China's excellent tourist city, China's hot spring city, and the national
environmental protection model city. The detail as follows.
Liao Cheng has long history, about sixty–seven thousand years ago, there has been inhabited by the
primitive people. And Liao Cheng has lots of tourist attractions, first of all, my hometown
Dongchangfu District ,that is the political, economic and cultural center of Liao Cheng, is a good
place to travel. Dongchangfu District has lots of tourist attractions that include Dongchang Lack,
Guangyue Floor, Iron Tower built in Song Dynasty, Ginger dike paradise, and so on. Among them,
Dongchang

A Visit to The People's Republic of China
Index.html
The People's Republic of China established in 1949.The flag is red and yellow,It symbolizes the
soldiers blood. Five yellow star represents the government and unity of the people. Red on flag
symbol of revolution and yellow star said the Chinese nation for the Yellow race. Five star means
we are big group. China is located in the eastern and Central Asia the west coast of Pacific
Ocean.But its shape on earth like a chicken. In fact China total land area of 9600000 square
kilometers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_flags
http://www.travelchinaguide.com/map/Place.html
place.html
BeiJing: The china holds Olympic Games in 2008. It is a great thing. The china arranged major
international sport events that took place in Beijing. So China building many new built in Beijing.
Like Bird Nest and National Aquatics center. It is a famous building. The bird nest includes 100000
seats inside. China holds opening ceremony and closing ceremony in bird ceremony. The torch wills
lignite in bird nest. China arranged performing Arts in Bird nest. For example shows our china of
brilliant civilization includes books, Drama and music etc. It is a show that china strong power and
long civilization. The 2008 Olympic slogan that one world, one dream. There are many different
countries athlete joining the sport. Beijing also organized many volunteer to help other countries
people. In the game time, Chinese athlete performance of them strong ability. They won many
medals

The Forbidden City Essay
The Hall of Supreme Harmony in The Forbidden City
Wood has been widely used in numerous applications from early ages to present. Wood is an very
important material for constructions.
Talking about wood, the first thing that comes to my mind is the Forbidden City.
The Forbidden City is a great masterpiece in the world, representing Chinese people's wisdom and
hard work. It's also the largest and the most complete existing wooden building in the world. The
Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace where include 980 buildings located in the center of
Beijing, China. In order to incarnate the supremacy of imperial power, Chinese imperial architecture
often adopt the layout of an axial symmetry, with the buildings on the central axis tall ... Show more
However, if we have to use another structural material to replace timberwork, rammed earth could
be an option. The main material is a mixture of fine laterite, fine sand from the river, and silt from
the bottom of paddy fields and even re–cycled ancient wall mud. After these materials are
thoroughly mixed together, quality brown sugar, whisked egg white and the strained liquid from
sticky rice soup are added and a new turn of mixing begins. The resultant material is then used for
the earthen buildings. In southeast China's Fujian Province, Hakkas use this metnod to build large
residences for several hundred inhabitants. (Earthen Buildings of Hakkas,

Forbidden City Research Paper
The Forbidden City was built as an imperial palace for the emperors for the Ming dynasty to the
Qing dynasty, from the years of 1420 to 1912. It is located in the center of Beijing, and has "The
Palace Museum" inside of it. It was the home of many emperors and their families, as well as being
the political and ceremonial center of the Chinese government for nearly 500 years. The Forbidden
City was built in 14 years, by a million workers, with the finest materials. They used whole logs of
the most precious wood from the jungles of a south–western part of China, as well as many blocks
of marble from the many near quarries from Beijing, also some specially baked paving blocks from
Suzhou. It stretches across 180 acres and has a 3800 meter

From the Shang Dynasty to the People's Republic of China
Culture refers to the patterns of human activity and symbols that give meaning to the culture. It
comes from art, literatures, customs, language and religion. The People's Republic of China has a
vast and rich history that dates back to 2200 BC. China is the third largest nation in the world with
the highest point on the planet Earth and the most populated country. China has vast region divest
environments from deserts to massive mountain ranges and jungles. The language is more
complexes and challenging then most languages. Symbols and history are as colorful as any nation
we have in the free world. I cannot do justice to the history of this country if I tried, I will do my
best to show you a snapshot in this history, from the Shang Dynasty to the People's Republic China.
I will cover the economy, coming from a Soviet style, more free market, and Government,
industries, and family structure. China is the third largest nation in the world it has 3,691,502 square
miles. China boarders' thirteen countries, including Russia and Mongolia to the north, Myanmar,
Laos, and Vietnam to the south and India to the southwest, The Yellow Sea, the South China Sea,
and the East China Sea to the east. The climate is extremely diverse, ranging from subarctic to the
north and tropical to the south. Hills, plains and deltas characterize the eastern regions. China also
hold the highest point in the world, the great and ever challenging Mount Everest, on the border
between

The Moving of the Lim Family Documentary Essay
Singapore experiences a land constraint and with the rising population, there are an almost desperate
calls for more housing estates as well as more facilities – even if that means calling on the dead.
It might seem like any other year – families getting ready before light of dawn to go and pay their
respects to the dead during Qing Ming festival. However, arming themselves with shovels, buckets
and other necessities, the Chew family marches solemnly into the peaceful serenity of Woodlands
Graveyard at 6 in the morning, heading towards the graves of Chew Teck Huat and Chew Xu Hui.
This year's Qing Ming festival is different and a tint of dread hangs in the air.
Teck Huat and Xu Hui migrated into growing Singapore from Fuzhou ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After safely removing the fragile bones, the process of cleaning up the area starts. The respectful
silence settles again as jackhammers slam into the said graves' tombstone, shattering them into huge
chunks of marble pieces. However, this ends in a much shorter time, to rush through the heart
breaking process of destroying something so dear to the family.
The possibility of a thunderstorm during the monsoon season, which clashes with Qing Ming
Festival, might bring up the age–old superstition of it being inauspicious to ungrave the dead. Feng
Huat, the second son, gives his emotional opinions on the exhumation as they make their hushed
journey to the columbarium. The Sun has almost set when the Lim family finally reaches Mandai
Columbarium, the unfortunate celebration almost coming to an end.
Professional cremators takes over the process and produces ashes from the bones of Teck Huat and
Xu Hui and places each into their respective urns. The family would then pick an auspicious niche
to place these two new urns as a new home for the remains of Feng Huat's parents, along with tens
and hundreds of other remains.
The moving of the Lim family is one of many exhumation projects in Singapore. This 30–minutes
documentary of unusual footages of the process of exhumation not only depicts a saddening of
period of time when traditions have to make way for nation's growth,

Not Gold
The colonization of the Americas by Spain and the beginning of extensive silver mining in Japan
greatly increased silver production. However, this increase of the supply of silver, while to some
people seemed good, overall caused problems. Although the increase in silver mining appeared to
benefit Japan and Spain– the suppliers– as well as Ming China– the receivers– overall this increase
caused worldwide problems. The effect of the increase of silver production, while being beneficial
to the middlemen that facilitated the trade, eventually weakened states empires that supplied
received silver in vast qualities. In China, though many people believed the increase of trade that
increased the amount of silver in china was beneficial, overall ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although this would not affect the economy at all, the basic reason to be frugal is one that the Ming
Empire should have used in their large transactions that would affect the economy. Furthermore, the
affect moneylenders in order to buy things, since they must use silver instead of a traditional barter
economic system ( doc5). The increase impedance to the Chinese economy would fill the pockets of
moneylenders instead of benefiting the economy. Likewise, the increase in silver production, while
benefiting Spain early on, in time hurt the Spanish empire. Tomas de Mercado, a Spanish scholar,
wrote how the high prices of luxury goods caused silver to only flow out of Spain,hurting the
economy (doc2). Mercado wrote this account in 1571, yet already Ming ships conducted extensive
silver trade with the Spanish Empire via Manila. In addition, Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa, a
Spanish priest, shows another side that the silver production affected in negative way –– the social
side: Vaquez, writing about Potosi, the largest silver mine in Spain 's colonial possessions, describes
the terrible condition that Native American dealt with in the labor in the mines ( doc6).Although the
encomienda system had already been dismantled in 1542, Vasquez shows the continuing
manipulation of the Native American population by the Spanish. Vasquez, a Spanish priest, is
obviously a priest

Vietnam Air Pollution And China 's Economic Development...
Chinese Air Pollution
History of Air Pollution in China
During the 1980s, China underwent a series of industrial changes leading to severe air pollution
(Chen, Ebenstein, Greenstone, & Li, 2013; Chen, Kan, Chen, Jiang, & Hong, 2011; Kan, London,
Chen, Zhang, Song, Zhao, & Chen, 2007; Schmidt, & Olicker, 2004). As industries in large cities
expanded, the resources required to manufacture goods produced pollution in the air (Chen,
Ebenstein, Greenstone, & Li, 2013; Chen, Kan, Chen, Jiang, & Hong, 2011; Kan, London, Chen,
Zhang, Song, Zhao, & Chen, 2007; Schmidt, & Olicker, 2004). Over the years China continues to be
one of the top manufactures in the world, making industries increase their revenue demands.
Although this change has assisted in China's economic development and growth, it has also
damaged the environment these individuals live in. Industries in China have no mandatory rules and
regulations that forces companies to control what is released into the air. Thus, greenhouse gasses
such as carbon dioxide are released freely causing severe damages in the environment (Chen,
Ebenstein, Greenstone, & Li, 2013; Chen, Kan, Chen, Jiang, & Hong, 2011; Kan, London, Chen,
Zhang, Song, Zhao, & Chen, 2007. In terms of air pollution, China even seems to be surpassing
other countries globally (World Health Organization, 2010). Data shows that the most serious cases
of air pollution in the world are located in nine cities in China and about 1/3 of the 113 cities failed
the national

History of the Temple of Heaven
History of the Temple of Heaven Temple of Heaven was built and completed in 1420 during the
reign of Emperor Yongle. All subsequent Emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties used it. (David
Leffman) The emperor was regarded as the Son of Heaven, the intermediary between Earth and
Heaven. (David Leffman) Sacrifices to heaven were extremely important, to indicates His respect
and dedication to the source of His authority. The most important ceremony occurred when the
emperor prayed for good harvest, and took place on winter solstice. (David Leffman) After three
days of fasting, the emperor and his entourage, wearing splendid robes, would make their way to the
park on the day before the solstice. (David Leffman). The commoners are prohibited to perceive the
procession. They had to bolt their windows and remain in silence indoors throughout the event.
(David Leffman) Upon arrival at Tian Tan, the emperor meditated in the Imperial Vault. (David
Leffman) The next day, he carried out animal sacrifices before the Throne of Heaven at the Round
Altar. (David Leffman) Attentions to details were required in the rituals due to numerological
theories. The ceremony had to be perfectly completed, for the smallest of mistakes would denote as
a bad omen for the whole nation in the coming year. (David Leffman) In 1889, the Hall of Prayer
was destroyed by a lightning strike. They believed that it was divine punishment for a caterpillar that
was about to crawl onto the golden ball of the hall's

My Hometown
As a native of Weifang, I sincerely welcome friends from all over the world to come to "kite capital
Weifang" in their spare time to enjoy the unique natural scenery and folk customs here. I will make
a comprehensive introduction to my hometown, Weifang, including folk culture, amusement
facilities, tourist attractions and so on. My hometown – Weifang Yuandu, located in the central
province of Shandong peninsula. Although it is a small city, but I deeply love it, because here is
changing with each passing day. The total area is 15859 square kilometers, with a total population of
8.35 million . Among them, the urban area of 1472 square kilometers, population 1.26 million.
Weifang city is located in the north temperate monsoon region, the back land surface sea, the
climate is warm temperate monsoon type, semi humid continental type. Its characteristics are: hot
summer and cold winter seasons; spring monsoon rainy; hot and rainy in summer, high temperature
and high humidity; autumn bright, more late autumn drought; cold winter, cold wind blowing
frequency. The annual average temperature is 12.3 degrees centigrade, and the average annual
precipitation is about 650 millimeters.
Weifang picturesque scenery, profound culture: a garden Shihuyuan, can let you enjoy the
characteristics of Jiangnan garden pond Pavilion, you can enjoy the "one of the eight wonders of
Yangzhou" Zheng Banqiao Park "culture; Shandong Fuhua amusement park, play many items, you
can play" torrent ", enjoy

I Define The Nature Of Judgmental Essay
As an observer from the east, Chen Cheng had many preconceived values granted by his biography.
Inevitably, these values are recognizable in his portraits of the Timurid world. In five major aspects
did Chen Cheng appear to be "judgmental." I define the nature of "judgmental" as shown by
negative, or occasionally, positive, semantic fields characterized by the usages of adjectives and
descriptive sentences. Every case of being judgmental hints at Chen Cheng 's unique background
that tells the readers both about the Confucian tradition of China and about the daily scene of the
Timurid society.
Chen Cheng was harsh in criticizing the necessary protocols performed by the ordinary inhabitants.
He wrote:
Every occasion when people meet, [they] do not display any protocol, only bowing slightly and
almost invisibly to each other.... If two haven 't met for a while, or when people get to know each
other for the first time, they perform so–called "advanced protocol," kneeling down one of the
legs.... When there is feast or gathering, ruler and his subjects, males and females, the elderly and
the young all sit in a circular podium without a sense of shame.
Chen Cheng obviously evaluated the Timurid social scene as barbarian and rustic. Even though
people greet each other by some sort of protocol, Chen Cheng naturally disdained it as if there was
nothing carried out. Under the Chinese imperial examination system, the "textbook materials" were
the Four Books and Five Classics ––

Foreign Powers Influence On China
1900s China saw a century of fluctuating development and progress, which is recognised through
various political, economic and social changes. The early division of the period encountered some
change for the country yet this was not as significant as the latter change in which China's political
landscape metamorphosed into one of total contrast to the former. Foreign intervention was of
course a reason and usually the root cause for the changes that occurred, particularly in the first half
of the century until 1962 whereby there were still some minor influences by the foreigners but other
factors seemed to have caused these later changes. It could be deduced that yes, foreign powers did
have a significant influence over the transformation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is in fact plausible that foreign intervention played a role in influencing some of the change
between 1900–1912. The introduction of such heavily influenced western reforms resulted in further
hatred of the foreign occupiers and thus sparking the launch of an anti–westerners campaign, known
as the Boxer Rebellion. Consequences of tighter western controls took place, including further
foreign presence and involvement, which was explicit in the humiliating imposition of punitive
measures. These sanctions consisted of a $450 million reparation, weaponry destroyed and the
permanent stationing of foreign troops in and around Beijing. The punishments brought about an
atmosphere of utter embarrassment and fear but also encouraged a lack of distrust in the Manchus;
the event validated the imperial government's incapability to lead China to liberation. Although the
financial cost caused some apprehension, it didn't amount to economic turmoil – the penalties
actually caused a change in the nation's perception towards the Manchu dynasty as opposed to an
economic transformation. The reparations led the Chinese to have an increasingly negative stance
towards the dynasty, diminishing any respect the imperial rulers upheld.
The greatest political change in the period actually seemed to have occurred in reaction to the
Wuhan Uprising. Much to China's disgust, the Manchus acquired a monetary loan from the West in
order to nationalise the railways, and

The Rise of Western Power: When China Ruled the Sea Essay
The rise of Western power is a relatively recent development in the modern era. Previously the
world could be seen as polycentric with overlapping spheres of influence (Marks 34). However, by
the fifteenth century, China held considerable economic and military power, leading the world in
size, population, agriculture, and commerce (Mungello 1). China also excelled in technology,
military strength, learning, and the fine arts (Mungello 2). Leading China through its glory days was
the Ming Dynasty which endured more than 250 years until its decline in 1644 (Dardess 1).
Before the Ming dynasty, China had become little more than a portion of the Mongol Empire.
Hongwu, formerly Zhu Yuanzhang, became the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty ... Show more
These treasure ships or bao chuan were built in the docks of Nanjing and the first voyage consisted
of 317 ships that were up to 400 hundred feet long (Levathes 21). The sheer size of the bao chuan
can be compared to the ships of Columbus and de Gama nearly a century later and a quarter of the
size (Levathes 22). Zheng He and his treasure fleet traveled from China to the coast of East Africa,
stopping in major ports in the Spice Islands, India, and Arabia.
For centuries the Indian Ocean had been a coveted and profitable source of commerce and trade due
to the market for spices and textiles especially after the fall of the Roman Empire and the decline of
the Mediterranean. The Silk Road served as the primary route to reach the trade cites of the East
until its decline with the fall of the Mongol Empire (Pagden 57). As the Silk Road fell into decline,
navigation techniques improved, and the Ottoman Empire rose in power, sea routes became an
increasingly important way to reach trade in the Indian Ocean.
The voyages of Zheng He had a couple of effects on world history. The primary effect of the
voyages was to opening a sea route that connected the China Seas with the Indian Ocean (Marks
48). This allowed for trade to flow from the eastern coast of Africa to Japan making the East an
extremely profitable market. In

Essay About Jiao Zi

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