Mbp

2. OVERVIEW :
 A Brief Introduction about RENESIS LIKERT .
 What LIKERT SCALE is all about ? With an
example .
 Linking Pin Model ?
 LIKERT’s FOUR SYSTEM .
 Advantages .
 Conclusion .

3. Renesis Likert
- An American Educator &
A Organizational Psychologist .
- Born on 5th of August , 1903 .
- Best known for Research on
Management Styles .

4. - Famous for developing the “ LIKERT’S SCALE “ .
LIKERT ‘s SCALE – A psychometric scale
commonly involved in research using
questionnaires & the “ linking pin model “.
- Likert scale asks people the extent to which
they agree or disagree with a statement on
a points scale. The scale ranges from
“strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”.

5. EXAMPLE OF LIKERT’S SCALE :

6. LINKING PIN MODEL :
- It presents an organization as a number of
overlapping work units in which a member of a unit is
the leader of another unit .

7. SYSTEM 1 – EXPLOTATIVE AUTHORITATIVE
- Responsibility lies in the hands of the people in
the upper ranks of the hierarchy .
- Superior has no trust and confidence in sub –
ordinates.
- Decisions are imposed on the sub – ordinates .
- Teamwork or Communication is very little .
- Motivation is based on Threats .

8. SYSTEM 2 – BENEVOLENT AUTHORITATIVE
- Responsibility lies at the managerial levels but not at
the lower levels of the organizational hierarchy .
- Superior has condescending confidence and trust in
subordinates (master-servant relationship) .
- Decisions are imposed on the sub – ordinates .
- Teamwork or Communication is very little .
- Motivation is based on Rewards .

9. SYSTEM 3 – CONSULTATIVE
- Responsibility is spread widely throughout the
organizational hierarchy .
- Superior has substantial but not complete confidence in
sub - ordinates .
- Some amount of discussion about job related issues
takes place b/w the superior and the sub – ordinates .
- Fair amount of teamwork & communication takes place
vertically & horizontally .
- Motivation is not only based on Rewards but also of
Involvement in job .

10. SYSTEM 4 - PARTICIPATIVE
- Responsibility for achieving the organizational goal is
wide spread throughout the organizational
hierarchy .
- Superior has high level of confidence on his sub -
ordinates .
- Discussion about job related issues takes place
regularly b/w the superior and the sub – ordinates .
- High level of teamwork & communication takes place
vertically & horizontally .
- Motivation is not only based on Rewards but also
based on the Involvement in job .

11. Comparison of Four systems with one another is
based on certain organizational variables , which
are :
 Leadership Processes .
 Motivational Forces .
 Communication Process .
 Interaction – Influence Process .
 Decision – Making Process .
 Goal – setting .
 Control Processes .

12.  O n t h e b a s i s o f t h i s p ro f i l e , L i ke r t
a d m i n i ste re d a q u e st i o n n a i re to s e ve ra l
e m p l o ye e s b e l o n g i n g to d i ffe re nt
o rga n i zat i o n s a n d f ro m d i ffe re nt m a n a ge r i a l
p o s i t i o n s ( b o t h l i n e a n d sta ff ) .
 Sy ste m s 1 a n d 2 w e r e t h e l e a st p r o d u c t i v e ,
a n d t h e d e p a r t m e nt s o r u n i t s e m p l o y i n g
m a n a g e m e nt p r a c t i c e s w i t h i n Sy ste m s 3 a n d
4 w e r e t h e m o st p r o d u c t i v e .

13. Advantages of Likert’s System :
 Was able to Quantify the results of the
work done in the field of Group Dynamics .
 Helped in measurement of the “ soft areas “
of management , such as TRUST &
COMMUNICATION .

14. Conclusion :
 According to Rensis Likert, the nearer the
behavioral characteristics of an organization
approach System 4 (Participative) , the more
likely this will lead to long-term improvement
in staff turnover and high productivity, low
scrap, low costs, and high earnings and the
organization will achieve optimum
effectiveness .