The document provides information about searching patents in the European Patent Office (EPO) database called espacenet. It discusses:
- A brief history of the EPO being established in 1977 by the European Patent Convention to create a centralized patent application and grant system.
- Basic search tips for espacenet including quick search, advanced search, classification search, and number search. It describes search fields, Boolean operators, truncation, and nested queries.
- Examples of different search types like quick search, advanced search, classification search, numbers search, and searching for legal status, event history and citations.
- Limitations of searching in espacenet including limitations on search terms, fields, number of results
This document discusses patent families and how they are defined at the European Patent Office (EPO). It explains that the EPO supports two concepts of patent families: the simple patent family in DOCDB and the extended patent family in INPADOC. The simple patent family covers one invention, while the extended family covers a broader technology. It also describes what constitutes a priority and how priorities differ between the two concepts.
This document discusses patent databases and how to search within them. It defines what a patent is - an exclusive right granted by a government for an invention. It also defines what a database is - a collection of organized information that can be easily accessed. The document outlines several major patent databases including PatentScope from WIPO, EKASWA from India, EPIDOS-INPADOC from Europe, and the Canadian Patents Database. It provides details on how to search within each database using basic, advanced, boolean, or other specialized search features.
This document provides an introduction to patent searching and outlines exercises to practice finding patents in various databases. It discusses choosing between Espacenet and Derwent Innovations Index as the two important databases for direct patent searching. Exercises are included to search for specific patents by number in Espacenet and to view the bibliographic information and family of related patents. The document also explains using Derwent Innovations Index to search for patents by number and view results.
Anavar is one of the most popular anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs to lose body fat and retain muscle mass and body strength. Classified as a Schedule III (non-narcotic) controlled substance under the Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990, this anabolic androgenic steroid is popular among male and female athletes as it is a mild steroid with extremely potent properties.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells which carry oxygen throughout the body. Chronic kidney disease can damage the kidneys and lower EPO production, resulting in anemia due to fewer red blood cells. Synthetic EPO has been developed to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.
EPO is a performance-enhancing drug that stimulates red blood cell creation, increasing oxygen levels in the body. It allows athletes in endurance sports like cycling and running to maintain steady breathing and not slow down or stop during long distance events. While originally developed to treat medical conditions causing anemia, athletes use EPO to enhance performance and chances of winning. However, EPO is dangerous as it raises hematocrit levels, thickening the blood and risking strokes, heart attacks, and clogged capillaries.
Recent clinical trials have raised safety concerns about erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) used to treat anemia in cancer patients. Updated guidelines recommend more restrictive use of ESAs due to increased risks of thromboembolic events and decreased survival shown in trials. ESAs are now only recommended when hemoglobin levels are low due to chemotherapy and potential risks should be considered, with close monitoring of hemoglobin levels and iron status. Ongoing research continues to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ESAs in different cancer patient populations and treatment settings.
Anemia in Chronic Kidney disease is a fascinating area of study both for the Basic scientist and Practising Nephrologist . In this talk , both areas are highlighted with emphasis on erythropoietin .
This document discusses patent families and how they are defined at the European Patent Office (EPO). It explains that the EPO supports two concepts of patent families: the simple patent family in DOCDB and the extended patent family in INPADOC. The simple patent family covers one invention, while the extended family covers a broader technology. It also describes what constitutes a priority and how priorities differ between the two concepts.
This document discusses patent databases and how to search within them. It defines what a patent is - an exclusive right granted by a government for an invention. It also defines what a database is - a collection of organized information that can be easily accessed. The document outlines several major patent databases including PatentScope from WIPO, EKASWA from India, EPIDOS-INPADOC from Europe, and the Canadian Patents Database. It provides details on how to search within each database using basic, advanced, boolean, or other specialized search features.
This document provides an introduction to patent searching and outlines exercises to practice finding patents in various databases. It discusses choosing between Espacenet and Derwent Innovations Index as the two important databases for direct patent searching. Exercises are included to search for specific patents by number in Espacenet and to view the bibliographic information and family of related patents. The document also explains using Derwent Innovations Index to search for patents by number and view results.
Anavar is one of the most popular anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs to lose body fat and retain muscle mass and body strength. Classified as a Schedule III (non-narcotic) controlled substance under the Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990, this anabolic androgenic steroid is popular among male and female athletes as it is a mild steroid with extremely potent properties.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells which carry oxygen throughout the body. Chronic kidney disease can damage the kidneys and lower EPO production, resulting in anemia due to fewer red blood cells. Synthetic EPO has been developed to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.
EPO is a performance-enhancing drug that stimulates red blood cell creation, increasing oxygen levels in the body. It allows athletes in endurance sports like cycling and running to maintain steady breathing and not slow down or stop during long distance events. While originally developed to treat medical conditions causing anemia, athletes use EPO to enhance performance and chances of winning. However, EPO is dangerous as it raises hematocrit levels, thickening the blood and risking strokes, heart attacks, and clogged capillaries.
Recent clinical trials have raised safety concerns about erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) used to treat anemia in cancer patients. Updated guidelines recommend more restrictive use of ESAs due to increased risks of thromboembolic events and decreased survival shown in trials. ESAs are now only recommended when hemoglobin levels are low due to chemotherapy and potential risks should be considered, with close monitoring of hemoglobin levels and iron status. Ongoing research continues to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ESAs in different cancer patient populations and treatment settings.
Anemia in Chronic Kidney disease is a fascinating area of study both for the Basic scientist and Practising Nephrologist . In this talk , both areas are highlighted with emphasis on erythropoietin .
Management of anemia in chronic kidney disease -Boushra Alsaoor
This document provides an overview of the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease. It defines anemia according to WHO criteria and notes that nearly 90% of CKD patients with a GFR below 30 mL/min have anemia. The main causes of anemia in CKD are decreased erythropoietin production and a shorter red blood cell lifespan. Treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or ESAs like epoetin and darbepoetin can help increase hemoglobin levels and improve outcomes. The goals of ESA therapy are to raise hemoglobin by 1-2 g/dL per month until it reaches 10-11.5 g/dL without exceeding 13 g/dL. Iron supplementation is
This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related anemia, including its definition, causes, effects, evaluation, and management. It defines the stages of CKD based on glomerular filtration rate and describes how anemia is defined for CKD patients based on hemoglobin levels. The main causes of anemia in CKD are identified as relative erythropoietin deficiency, iron deficiency, blood loss, shortened red blood cell lifespan, and inflammation. Evaluation involves testing hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and vitamins. Iron therapy is indicated based on ferritin and transferrin saturation levels, and intravenous iron is generally preferred for patients on dialysis
Blood consists of red blood cells, platelets, and various white blood cells suspended in plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. White blood cells help protect the body from infection. Platelets help the blood clot to prevent excessive bleeding from cuts or wounds. Bone marrow produces all blood cells, which have different functions and lifespans. Blood type is determined by antigens on red blood cells and compatibility must be checked before blood transfusions.
This document discusses anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its causes, prevalence, benefits of treatment, evaluation, and treatment with iron and erythropoietic stimulating agents (ESAs). It notes that anemia is common in CKD due to reduced kidney function and erythropoietin production. While untreated anemia can cause many symptoms, managing it with iron and ESAs can improve quality of life and reduce risks. The document provides guidelines on testing, supplementing iron, dosing ESAs, monitoring treatment response, and managing side effects in patients with CKD.
This document provides guidelines for managing anemia in chronic kidney disease patients at General University Teaching Hospital of Slemani. It outlines the historical background of understanding renal anemia and effects of anemia like increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. The guidelines recommend targets for hemoglobin concentration, iron status markers, and schedules for parenteral iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent administration and monitoring based on hemoglobin levels and dialysis status. Potential complications and contraindications of treatments are also discussed.
This document discusses the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It begins by defining anemia and its causes in CKD, which include reduced erythropoietin production and decreased red blood cell survival due to kidney failure. Left untreated, anemia in CKD can lead to deterioration in cardiac function, impaired cognition, and increased fatigue and mortality risk. The main therapeutic options for treating anemia in CKD are red blood cell transfusions, androgens, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). ESAs such as epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa are now the standard treatment as they reduce transfusion needs and risks while helping to mobilize
This document summarizes the regulation and production of erythropoietin (EPO) and factors involved in erythropoiesis. EPO is produced mainly in the kidney and promotes red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. Its production is stimulated by hypoxia and regulated by oxygen sensors in the kidney and liver. EPO increases red blood cell production by promoting progenitor cell production, shortening maturation time, and promoting early reticulocyte release. Other general and maturation factors involved in erythropoiesis include growth inducers, vitamins B12 and folic acid, iron, copper, and proteins for hemoglobin and heme synthesis.
Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease that can cause fatigue. While the kidneys normally produce erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production, CKD patients have relative erythropoietin deficiency. This leads to anemia which, if left untreated, can negatively impact quality of life and cardiovascular health. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and iron supplementation are used to treat anemia in CKD, though the appropriate hemoglobin target level remains an area of ongoing research and debate given risks identified with higher targets in some studies.
This document discusses erythropoiesis, the process of red blood cell formation. It covers the sites of hematopoiesis, blood cell precursors, the stages of erythropoiesis from pronormoblast to reticulocyte, and the factors that regulate and are necessary for erythropoiesis. Key factors discussed include erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production; vitamin B12 and folic acid, which are required for DNA synthesis and cell maturation; and intrinsic factor, which is needed for vitamin B12 absorption.
Erythropoiesis is the process where red blood cells are produced. It occurs in multiple stages starting with stem cells in the bone marrow that differentiate into erythroid progenitor cells and progress through normoblast stages as the cells take up hemoglobin and lose their nuclei to become reticulocytes and then mature red blood cells. Key regulators of erythropoiesis include erythropoietin, iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid which promote red blood cell production and maturation. Hypoxia is the main stimulant for increased erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys which then acts to accelerate the production of red blood cells from progenitor cells in the bone marrow.
Este documento presenta una rúbrica para evaluar el desempeño de estudiantes en la elaboración de un tríptico. La rúbrica incluye categorías como participación, preparación, uso de gráficos, escritura, contenido y precisión. Proporciona descripciones de niveles de desempeño desde "muy bueno" hasta "insuficiente" para cada categoría.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. It has legitimate medical uses but some athletes abuse it to enhance performance by injecting it and artificially increasing their red blood cell count and oxygen-carrying capacity. However, EPO abuse poses health risks like increased blood pressure and stroke risk. While difficult to detect, tests can identify abnormal EPO levels. Its use is banned by anti-doping regulations due to its performance enhancing effects and health risks.
Strengths And Limitations Research Method Latest VersionAndrewRosenthal
EPO is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. It is commonly used by endurance athletes to illegally enhance performance. An experiment found that rats injected with EPO showed a 54% increase in endurance ability over 12 weeks compared to a control group. The EPO rats had more red blood cells, lower resting heart rates, and increased cardiac muscle size. While EPO improves oxygen delivery, it also carries medical risks like blood clots and high blood pressure if overused.
This document appears to be in another language and contains repeated phrases with letters and words that do not form clear sentences in English. It ends with initials suggesting it may be a signature. The overall content and meaning is unclear from the brief text provided.
Trifid Research has provided daily and weekly market report with great accuracy in all segments such as stock, commodity and currency. This is more reliable and beneficial to all traders.
Steroids can cause serious health issues when abused, as they are often overused by athletes seeking improved sports performance. People abuse steroids through cycling, using them for periods of time and stopping before starting again. In the brain, steroids bind to androgen and estrogen receptors on cells, immediately affecting the brain. Treatment for steroid abuse generally involves supportive therapy, education on withdrawal symptoms, and sometimes medication to restore hormonal balance disrupted by steroid use.
This document discusses pharmacology in the sexual health setting. It focuses on developing knowledge to safely administer prescribed and nurse-initiated medications commonly used to treat STIs. Key points include understanding STI natural histories, assessing clients for medication administration, and ensuring quality use of medicines by selecting options wisely, choosing suitable medications, and using medications safely and effectively. Nurses must be familiar with medication actions, contraindications, and guidelines for administration.
This document summarizes information about hemolytic anemias. It discusses intrinsic hemolytic anemias, which are due to red blood cell defects, and extrinsic hemolytic anemias, which are due to factors outside the red blood cell. Radioactive chromium survival studies can be used to measure red blood cell lifespan if hemolytic processes are mild or obscure. The document then describes various types of hereditary hemolytic anemias like hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, pyropoikilocytosis, stomatocytosis, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Diagnostic tests for these conditions like osmotic fragility testing and autohemolysis are also summarized.
Anaemia of chronic kidney disease GUIDELINES TO PRACTICE 2013Ayman Seddik
1) Anaemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to reduced kidney function and erythropoietin production. It can cause lower quality of life and increased risk of cardiovascular complications.
2) Guidelines recommend diagnosing anaemia of CKD in adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 and hemoglobin ≤11 g/dL.
3) Treatment involves iron supplementation and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to increase hemoglobin levels, with a target range of 11-12 g/dL according to recent guidelines. Higher targets may increase risk without clear benefits.
Resistencia a la Eritropoyetina @DokRenalIgor Romaniuk
La anemia es una complicación común en la enfermedad renal crónica y requiere tratamiento con eritropoyetina. La causa principal es la producción inadecuada de eritropoyetina por el riñón. Se han aprobado biosimilares de epoetina para tratar la anemia. Algunos pacientes son resistentes a altas dosis de eritropoyetina, lo que puede estar relacionado con un aumento de la mortalidad. Las posibles causas de la resistencia incluyen deficiencia de hierro, inflamación, enfermedades y tratamientos
- A patent is a grant of protection rights to an inventor for an invention, excluding others from using the invention for a set period of time, usually 16-20 years.
- Patents can be granted for new and useful designs, processes, machines, manufactures or compositions of matter.
- The WIPS database provides access to patents from the US, Europe, China, Japan and Korea, and allows searching across collections. It allows viewing and downloading patent images.
Epo info resources & espacenet & search techniquesLATIPAT
The document provides an overview of the European Patent Office (EPO) including its 38 member states, 5 office locations, roles in the patent system such as processing applications and conducting appeal proceedings, and other services including online patent information and training programs. It also includes background information on the history of patents dating back to 1421 and key dates and events in patent law. Tables show leading patent applicants and patentees in 2010 and international patent classification systems.
Management of anemia in chronic kidney disease -Boushra Alsaoor
This document provides an overview of the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease. It defines anemia according to WHO criteria and notes that nearly 90% of CKD patients with a GFR below 30 mL/min have anemia. The main causes of anemia in CKD are decreased erythropoietin production and a shorter red blood cell lifespan. Treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or ESAs like epoetin and darbepoetin can help increase hemoglobin levels and improve outcomes. The goals of ESA therapy are to raise hemoglobin by 1-2 g/dL per month until it reaches 10-11.5 g/dL without exceeding 13 g/dL. Iron supplementation is
This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related anemia, including its definition, causes, effects, evaluation, and management. It defines the stages of CKD based on glomerular filtration rate and describes how anemia is defined for CKD patients based on hemoglobin levels. The main causes of anemia in CKD are identified as relative erythropoietin deficiency, iron deficiency, blood loss, shortened red blood cell lifespan, and inflammation. Evaluation involves testing hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and vitamins. Iron therapy is indicated based on ferritin and transferrin saturation levels, and intravenous iron is generally preferred for patients on dialysis
Blood consists of red blood cells, platelets, and various white blood cells suspended in plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. White blood cells help protect the body from infection. Platelets help the blood clot to prevent excessive bleeding from cuts or wounds. Bone marrow produces all blood cells, which have different functions and lifespans. Blood type is determined by antigens on red blood cells and compatibility must be checked before blood transfusions.
This document discusses anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its causes, prevalence, benefits of treatment, evaluation, and treatment with iron and erythropoietic stimulating agents (ESAs). It notes that anemia is common in CKD due to reduced kidney function and erythropoietin production. While untreated anemia can cause many symptoms, managing it with iron and ESAs can improve quality of life and reduce risks. The document provides guidelines on testing, supplementing iron, dosing ESAs, monitoring treatment response, and managing side effects in patients with CKD.
This document provides guidelines for managing anemia in chronic kidney disease patients at General University Teaching Hospital of Slemani. It outlines the historical background of understanding renal anemia and effects of anemia like increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. The guidelines recommend targets for hemoglobin concentration, iron status markers, and schedules for parenteral iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent administration and monitoring based on hemoglobin levels and dialysis status. Potential complications and contraindications of treatments are also discussed.
This document discusses the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It begins by defining anemia and its causes in CKD, which include reduced erythropoietin production and decreased red blood cell survival due to kidney failure. Left untreated, anemia in CKD can lead to deterioration in cardiac function, impaired cognition, and increased fatigue and mortality risk. The main therapeutic options for treating anemia in CKD are red blood cell transfusions, androgens, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). ESAs such as epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa are now the standard treatment as they reduce transfusion needs and risks while helping to mobilize
This document summarizes the regulation and production of erythropoietin (EPO) and factors involved in erythropoiesis. EPO is produced mainly in the kidney and promotes red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. Its production is stimulated by hypoxia and regulated by oxygen sensors in the kidney and liver. EPO increases red blood cell production by promoting progenitor cell production, shortening maturation time, and promoting early reticulocyte release. Other general and maturation factors involved in erythropoiesis include growth inducers, vitamins B12 and folic acid, iron, copper, and proteins for hemoglobin and heme synthesis.
Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease that can cause fatigue. While the kidneys normally produce erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production, CKD patients have relative erythropoietin deficiency. This leads to anemia which, if left untreated, can negatively impact quality of life and cardiovascular health. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and iron supplementation are used to treat anemia in CKD, though the appropriate hemoglobin target level remains an area of ongoing research and debate given risks identified with higher targets in some studies.
This document discusses erythropoiesis, the process of red blood cell formation. It covers the sites of hematopoiesis, blood cell precursors, the stages of erythropoiesis from pronormoblast to reticulocyte, and the factors that regulate and are necessary for erythropoiesis. Key factors discussed include erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production; vitamin B12 and folic acid, which are required for DNA synthesis and cell maturation; and intrinsic factor, which is needed for vitamin B12 absorption.
Erythropoiesis is the process where red blood cells are produced. It occurs in multiple stages starting with stem cells in the bone marrow that differentiate into erythroid progenitor cells and progress through normoblast stages as the cells take up hemoglobin and lose their nuclei to become reticulocytes and then mature red blood cells. Key regulators of erythropoiesis include erythropoietin, iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid which promote red blood cell production and maturation. Hypoxia is the main stimulant for increased erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys which then acts to accelerate the production of red blood cells from progenitor cells in the bone marrow.
Este documento presenta una rúbrica para evaluar el desempeño de estudiantes en la elaboración de un tríptico. La rúbrica incluye categorías como participación, preparación, uso de gráficos, escritura, contenido y precisión. Proporciona descripciones de niveles de desempeño desde "muy bueno" hasta "insuficiente" para cada categoría.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. It has legitimate medical uses but some athletes abuse it to enhance performance by injecting it and artificially increasing their red blood cell count and oxygen-carrying capacity. However, EPO abuse poses health risks like increased blood pressure and stroke risk. While difficult to detect, tests can identify abnormal EPO levels. Its use is banned by anti-doping regulations due to its performance enhancing effects and health risks.
Strengths And Limitations Research Method Latest VersionAndrewRosenthal
EPO is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. It is commonly used by endurance athletes to illegally enhance performance. An experiment found that rats injected with EPO showed a 54% increase in endurance ability over 12 weeks compared to a control group. The EPO rats had more red blood cells, lower resting heart rates, and increased cardiac muscle size. While EPO improves oxygen delivery, it also carries medical risks like blood clots and high blood pressure if overused.
This document appears to be in another language and contains repeated phrases with letters and words that do not form clear sentences in English. It ends with initials suggesting it may be a signature. The overall content and meaning is unclear from the brief text provided.
Trifid Research has provided daily and weekly market report with great accuracy in all segments such as stock, commodity and currency. This is more reliable and beneficial to all traders.
Steroids can cause serious health issues when abused, as they are often overused by athletes seeking improved sports performance. People abuse steroids through cycling, using them for periods of time and stopping before starting again. In the brain, steroids bind to androgen and estrogen receptors on cells, immediately affecting the brain. Treatment for steroid abuse generally involves supportive therapy, education on withdrawal symptoms, and sometimes medication to restore hormonal balance disrupted by steroid use.
This document discusses pharmacology in the sexual health setting. It focuses on developing knowledge to safely administer prescribed and nurse-initiated medications commonly used to treat STIs. Key points include understanding STI natural histories, assessing clients for medication administration, and ensuring quality use of medicines by selecting options wisely, choosing suitable medications, and using medications safely and effectively. Nurses must be familiar with medication actions, contraindications, and guidelines for administration.
This document summarizes information about hemolytic anemias. It discusses intrinsic hemolytic anemias, which are due to red blood cell defects, and extrinsic hemolytic anemias, which are due to factors outside the red blood cell. Radioactive chromium survival studies can be used to measure red blood cell lifespan if hemolytic processes are mild or obscure. The document then describes various types of hereditary hemolytic anemias like hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, pyropoikilocytosis, stomatocytosis, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Diagnostic tests for these conditions like osmotic fragility testing and autohemolysis are also summarized.
Anaemia of chronic kidney disease GUIDELINES TO PRACTICE 2013Ayman Seddik
1) Anaemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to reduced kidney function and erythropoietin production. It can cause lower quality of life and increased risk of cardiovascular complications.
2) Guidelines recommend diagnosing anaemia of CKD in adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 and hemoglobin ≤11 g/dL.
3) Treatment involves iron supplementation and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to increase hemoglobin levels, with a target range of 11-12 g/dL according to recent guidelines. Higher targets may increase risk without clear benefits.
Resistencia a la Eritropoyetina @DokRenalIgor Romaniuk
La anemia es una complicación común en la enfermedad renal crónica y requiere tratamiento con eritropoyetina. La causa principal es la producción inadecuada de eritropoyetina por el riñón. Se han aprobado biosimilares de epoetina para tratar la anemia. Algunos pacientes son resistentes a altas dosis de eritropoyetina, lo que puede estar relacionado con un aumento de la mortalidad. Las posibles causas de la resistencia incluyen deficiencia de hierro, inflamación, enfermedades y tratamientos
- A patent is a grant of protection rights to an inventor for an invention, excluding others from using the invention for a set period of time, usually 16-20 years.
- Patents can be granted for new and useful designs, processes, machines, manufactures or compositions of matter.
- The WIPS database provides access to patents from the US, Europe, China, Japan and Korea, and allows searching across collections. It allows viewing and downloading patent images.
Epo info resources & espacenet & search techniquesLATIPAT
The document provides an overview of the European Patent Office (EPO) including its 38 member states, 5 office locations, roles in the patent system such as processing applications and conducting appeal proceedings, and other services including online patent information and training programs. It also includes background information on the history of patents dating back to 1421 and key dates and events in patent law. Tables show leading patent applicants and patentees in 2010 and international patent classification systems.
Epo info resources & espacenet & search techniquesLATIPAT
The document provides an overview of the European Patent Office (EPO) including its 38 member states, 5 office locations, roles and services. It describes how European patent applications can be filed and processed at the EPO for patent protection across member states. Key services mentioned include patent searches, filing fees, and training resources available through the EPO.
This document summarizes several free international web-based patent sites:
- The USPTO and European Patent Office websites provide free access to patent information as well as other intellectual property resources. Other non-Western nations also offer free patent databases.
- Key free patent database services highlighted include DEPATISnet, the Industrial Property Digital Library (Japan), and the Intellectual Property Digital Library hosted by WIPO. Each provides search access to large collections of patent documents and bibliographic information.
The document discusses several free international web-based patent sites, including those run by the USPTO, European Patent Office, China Patent Database, DEPATISnet, and the Industrial Property Digital Library. It describes the types of patent information available on each site, such as bibliographic data, abstracts, and in some cases full-text patent documents. It also summarizes the different search interfaces provided, including basic, advanced, and Boolean searching options available to users.
This document summarizes several free international web-based patent sites:
- The USPTO and European Patent Office websites provide free access to patent information as well as other intellectual property resources. Other non-Western nations also offer free patent databases.
- Key free patent database services described include DEPATISnet, the Industrial Property Digital Library (Japan), and the Intellectual Property Digital Library hosted by WIPO. Each provides search access to large collections of patent documents and bibliographic information.
The document discusses several free international web-based patent sites, including those run by the USPTO, European Patent Office, China Patent Database, DEPATISnet, and Industrial Property Digital Library. It describes the types of patent information available on each site, such as bibliographic data, abstracts, and in some cases full-text patent documents. It also summarizes the search interfaces and capabilities of each site.
II-PIC 2017: Gain insight into technical, legal and business information thro...Dr. Haxel Consult
Feinäugle Roland (European Patent Office, Austria)
A recent study commissioned by the EPO on the involvement of (patent) information in the innovation process in industry underlines the role of patent information in the various innovation stages. This result gives further impetus to the EPO's patent information strategy, aimed at supporting the economy by providing the access to a wealth of patent-related information, be it from its own patent granting process or its collection of worldwide bibliographic, legal status, procedural and full-text data.
In the presentation we highlight some key findings of the study and give an overview of the EPO’s patent information products and services. We will discuss how they can be used for technology-specific searches, for getting insight into the legal and procedural status of an application during and after its grant procedure, and for the statistical analysis of bulk data for business intelligence purposes. The talk covers the EPO’s free-of-charge Espacenet as well as our flagship product PATSTAT, both with a worldwide coverage. It also highlights the ever-improving European Patent Register and its accompanying services as well as our RESTful Open Patent Services.
II-PIC 2017: Gain insight into technical, legal and business information thro...Dr. Haxel Consult
Feinäugle Roland (European Patent Office, Austria)
A recent study commissioned by the EPO on the involvement of (patent) information in the innovation process in industry underlines the role of patent information in the various innovation stages. This result gives further impetus to the EPO's patent information strategy, aimed at supporting the economy by providing the access to a wealth of patent-related information, be it from its own patent granting process or its collection of worldwide bibliographic, legal status, procedural and full-text data.
In the presentation we highlight some key findings of the study and give an overview of the EPO’s patent information products and services. We will discuss how they can be used for technology-specific searches, for getting insight into the legal and procedural status of an application during and after its grant procedure, and for the statistical analysis of bulk data for business intelligence purposes. The talk covers the EPO’s free-of-charge Espacenet as well as our flagship product PATSTAT, both with a worldwide coverage. It also highlights the ever-improving European Patent Register and its accompanying services as well as our RESTful Open Patent Services.
The document discusses GreyB, a patent research and analytics firm that helps companies understand emerging technologies and develop intellectual property strategies. It provides an overview of typical parts of a patent application, including an abstract, background, drawings, detailed description of the invention, and claims. It also discusses important patent application elements like assignees, inventors, patent classification systems, and drawings.
The document summarizes esp@cenet®, a free web-based patent search service provided by the European Patent Office. Esp@cenet® provides access to over 42.5 million patent documents from over 70 countries. It allows users to search for patent information via three gateways - the EPO gateway, national patent office gateways of EPO member states, or the European Commission gateway. Basic "Quick Searches" can be done on title/abstract or by patent number. Search results provide bibliographic data and English abstracts when available.
The presentation provided an overview of several major patent databases including WIPO's PatentScope, India's EKASWA and EPIDOS-INPADOC databases, and Canada's Canadian Patents Database. These databases allow users to search millions of patent documents from around the world and provide important information for researchers, innovators and those seeking to understand intellectual property rights. Effective use of the databases requires understanding how to conduct simple, advanced, equivalent and other specialized searches across different fields.
IC-SDV 2018: Martin Kracker (EPO) Linked Open EP data – a new Product from th...Dr. Haxel Consult
The EPO has recently launched a new product: Linked open EP data. This open and free data set contains bibliographic information of EP publications and the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) hierarchy. Linked data , also known as Semantic Web, facilitates combining a particular data set with other linked data sets in any domain including patents. Given its URI, data about a resource, e. g. a patent publication, can be retrieved in a variety of formats over the web. For occasional use there is a simple data browser, an API and a SPARQL query interface. For heavier use, bulk data is available for download.
In this presentation we will introduce this new EPO product and illustrate the different ways this data can be inspected and retrieved. We will explore the content and point out potential use scenarios.
The Patent Box: Introduction to PatentsJane Lambert
This was the opening presentation on a workshop on the patents box organized by Liverpool Inventors Club. The "patents box" is a tax concession to encourage R & D in the UK. This presentation discusses what is meant by a patent, why businesses apply for them, how to apply for them and how much they cost.
GaN Technology Top-100 IP profiles - SampleKnowmade
The field of III-N semiconductors has shown an intensive patenting activity since early 1990s, with a substantial increase during the past decade. Today, more than 76,200 patents and patent applications related to over 39,700 inventions on GaN technology have been published worldwide through November 2016. This fact is correlated with a rapid growth of the industrial activity related to GaN, mainly due to light-emitting diodes, but also to the emergence of lasers and high-power/high-frequency electronics. Moreover, the current diversification of GaN-related research activities is remarkable, ranging from advanced optical sources and single-electron devices to physical, chemical, and biological sensors, optical detectors, and energy converters. In this dynamic and large context, it is necessary to have a clear overview of main companies and research laboratories involved in this technology domain.
The report provides essential patent data for IP players related to GaN technology. It identifies 100 major patent holders involved in GaN technology, and its provides in a single slide the IP profile of each main patent holder including: time evolution of patent publications, geographic map of patenting activity, technical segments, highly cited patents, main IP competitors and IP collaborators.
The EPO document collection:A technical treasure chestGO opleidingen
Presentation of Georg Schiwi, Documentation Information Manager at the European Patent Office.
The EPO holds one of the largest digital repositories of public knowledge in the world. This vast store is accessed daily by thousands of users and its usage is constantly increasing. Each year about 40 Terabytes, the equivalent of 40 million books, are downloaded from the EPO search collection both by internal and external users. This figure is a perfect illustration of EPO‘s unique contribution to the knowledge economy. The presentation will give an overview on the patent and non-patent collection that is used by examiners for prior-art search. In a second part, the move from a paper documentation collection to an electronic one and the particular challenges in this process will be outlined.
Methods to improve Freedom to Operate analysisDauverC
This document discusses improving freedom to operate (FTO) analysis through comprehensive risk assessment and targeted patent searching. It provides an overview of patent filing trends, litigation statistics in key regions like the US and Europe, and a business case study on conducting an FTO analysis for a proposed fuel tank product. New semantic search technologies available in tools like PatentOptimizer can help enable more precise and recall patent searches to better inform FTO evaluations.
1. European Patent Office
Patent searching in espacenet
Scitech Patent Art Services Pvt. Ltd
Hyderabad
2. A bit of history: a European idea
• 1958 Treaty of Rome (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
and West Germany)- 1) Euratom Treaty 2) European Community
• 1960 Idea of a European Patent
• 1973 Convention signed
• 1977 European Patent Office
• Established in 1977 by the European Patent Convention (EPC) with the aim of
creating a centralized patent application and grant system on behalf of all
contracting states, the EPO's mission is to support innovation, competitiveness
and economic growth for the benefit of the citizens of Europe. As of January
2009, the EPC has effect in 37 European countries, including all European
Union member states
• Recently Albania joined in the European Patent Organization on 1 may 2010
4. Basic search tips
Searches can be performed in the worldwide, European (EP) and WIPO (PCT) databases. Each search mask
contains a number of search fields corresponding to the type of data that can be searched.
You can choose between:
Quick search, which allows you to search for keywords in the title/abstract or for a person/organization
(applicant and/or inventor)
Advanced search, which enables you to search in the bibliographic data , including the abstract when
available
Number search, which allows you to retrieve a specific publication number, application number, priority number
with or without country code prefix or NPL reference number
You can enter a maximum of four search terms per field and a total of 21 search terms per mass
Boolean operators
Operators Use Example
To increase your chances of finding a patent that matches
OR your query, you can use the OR operator in combination with Fibrin OR Biopesticide
synonyms or related terms
You can narrow down a search by combining search terms
AND Fibrin AND Biopesticide
using the AND operator
If you use a term with more than one meaning, you may
NOT generate a result list containing patents that are not relevant Fibrin NOT Biopesticide
to your search, even though they match the query term.
5. Truncation
To extend your search, you can use truncation symbols (wildcards) to include, for example, the plural form of a word, or
alternative spellings.
There are three different wildcard characters available:
* - stands for a string of characters of any length
Example: Encaps* means Encapsule or encapsulate or encapsulation or encapsulated
? - stands for zero or one character
Example: Biopesticide? Means Biopesticide or Biopesticides
# - stands for exactly one character
Example: polymeri#ation means polymerization or polymerisation
Nested queries
If you want to nest query terms within other query terms, you must use parentheses to specify the order in which search
terms and operators should be interpreted. Information within parentheses is read first, then information outside
parentheses is read next.
The following example illustrates this:
When you enter (mouse OR rat) AND trap in the title /abstract field, the search engine will retrieve patents containing the
word mouse or the word rat together with the word trap in the title or abstract.
Default operators
You can enter your search terms without having to type in the default operators AND or OR as the system automatically
uses the correct operator within the following fields:
For the title and abstract fields, the default operator is AND
For the publication number, publication date, application number and priority number fields, the default operator is OR
For the inventor and applicant fields, the default operator is AND
For the ECLA and IPC fields, the default operator is AND
The mandatory operator for combining 2 or more input fields is AND
6. Patent Searching in esp@cenet
The following searches are used to find the patents and patent
information
Quick Search
Advanced Search
Classification Search
Number Search
Legal status, Event history and Citations (Register Plus)
Smart Search
9. Advanced Search
•Maximum of 10 search terms per field
•Maximum of 21 search terms and 20
operators per mask
Gene? and Transition?
Source Link: http://ep.espacenet.com/advancedSearch?locale=en_V3
12. European Classification (ECLA)
The ECLA classification system is an extension of the International
Patent Classification (IPC). It is however more precise, having twice as
many entries (ECLA: 140 000; IPC: 70 000).
ECLA format: B65D81/20B2A
IPC format: B65D81/20
European Classification system is dynamic and updated on a weekly
basis
17. Numbers search in espacenet
Publication number: CC and 1 to 12 digits Number (Ex: US7278548, WO2007030511)
Priority number: CCYYYY and maximum seven digits: (GB19958026)
Application number: CCYYYY and maximum seven digits (Ex. GB19950008026)
NPL reference number: XP and maximum seven digits (Ex. XP1, XP000123456)
New EP applications are normally added to the EP database every
Wednesday (after 14.00 hrs)
• Maximum of 10 search terms per field
• Maximum of 21 search terms and 20 operators per mask
18. Number search
EP documents published
in the last two years
Worldwide database
containing almost 60 million
documents
WIPO documents published
in the last two years
Click on this link to
open the document
21. What can you find in Register Plus?
Register Plus is divided into a number of different sections
About this File Contains bibliographic and procedural status information, plus
the file history.
Legal Status Shows the most important legal events in the European procedure,
plus any information available to us on the fate of the European patent once it
passes in the responsibility of the designated states following grant.
Event History Lists events for the current file in chronological order.
Citations List of documents found during the patentability search for the
European patent application or cited by the applicant.
Patent Family Displays a list of patent documents from around the world that are
linked to the European patent application by a common priority number.
All Documents Shows a complete list of the contents of the file at the EPO,
together with links that open each document in the viewer.
23. Field Identifiers
The following table gives an overview of the field identifiers available in Smart Search and their
definition with an example of how to use them:
Field Field
Description Examples Description Examples
identifier identifier
in inventor in=smith ipc core and additional
cn cn=A63B49/02
information
pa applicant pa=siemens
ipc advanced and
ti title ti="mouse trap" ai ai= A63B49/08
invention information
ab abstract ab="mouse trap" ipc advanced and
an an=A63B49/08
pr priority number pr=ep20050104792 additional information
pn publication number pn=ep1000000 ia=Apple OR
ia inventor and applicant
ia="Ries klaus"
ap application number ap=jp19890234567
ta="laser
pd=20080107 OR ta title and abstract
printer"
pd publication date pd="07/01/2008"
OR pd=07/01/2008 title, abstract, inventor txt=microscope
txt
and applicant lens
ct citation/ cited document ct=ep1000000
application, publication
ec european classification ec="A61K31/13" num num=ep1000000
and priority number
international c ci and cn c=A63B49/02
ic ic=A63B49/08
classification
a ai and an a=A63B49/08
ipc core and invention
information ipc ic and c and a ipc=A63B49/08
ci ci=A63B49/02
cl ipc and ec cl=C10J3
24. Operators in Smart Search
• Boolean operators
AND, OR, NOT are allowed. The default operator is AND. Left has precedence over right. No operator has precedence by default.
• Proximity operators
Example: mouse prox/distance<3 trap
The system will find patents where the words mouse and trap are less than three words apart in the TXT identifier and in the order shown.
Example: mouse prox/unit=sentence trap
The system will find patents where the words mouse and trap happen to be in the same sentence in the TXT identifier.
Example: mouse prox/unit=paragraph trap
The system will find patents where the words mouse and trap happen to be in the same paragraph in the TXT identifier.
Example: ia=Apple prox/ordered ia=Corp
The system will retrieve documents having Apple Corp but not Corp Apple.
• Comparison operators
The terms to be searched within a specific field identifier should be surrounded by quotation marks.
•=
Equal to
This is the default relation.
e.g. pa=siemens
• all
All terms entered within quotes will be found within the field identifier, although perhaps not in the order in which they appear.
e.g. ti all "paint brush hair"
• any
Any of the terms entered within quotes will be retrieved within the field identifier.
e.g. ti any "motor engine"
• Operators which are only valid for the publication date field identifier
• within
e.g. pd within "2005 2006" OR pd within "2005, 2006".
• >=
Greater than or equal to
e.g. pd >=2005 will retrieve documents having a publication date higher than or equal to 2005.
• <=
Less than or equal to
e.g. pd <=2005 will retrieve documents having a publication date less than or equal to 2005.
25. Kind Type of Document
Country
Code
A1 APPLICATION PUBLISHED WITH SEARCH REPORT
A2 APPLICATION PUBLISHED WITHOUT SEARCH REPORT
A3 SEARCH REPORT
A4 SUPPLEMENTARY SEARCH REPORT
A8 MODIFIED FIRST PAGE
European Patent Office (EPO)
(EP) A9 MODIFIED COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
B1 PATENT
B2 PATENT AFTER MODIFICATION
B3 AFTER LIMITATION PROCEDURE
B8 MODIFIED FIRST PAGE GRANTED PATENT
B9 CORRECTED COMPLETE GRANTED PATENT
27. Limitations
esp@cenet® has the following search limitations:
Search terms in the abstract must be in English
When combining search fields the default operator is AND and cannot be changed
Truncation limitations
Apostrophes, slashes and hyphens cannot be used. Please use blanks instead
Not all documents have English abstracts, titles, European classification or International classifications
(check coverage)
Different search mask depending on the database you choose to search in
Maximum of 100000 results per query but only 500 matching documents will be listed
EP and WO documents with a maximum of 500 pages can be downloaded in one go
Other patent documents with a maximum of 250 pages can be downloaded in one go
Maximum of 100 documents stored in "my patents list" for one year
It is not possible to store XP documents in "my patents list"
It is not possible to retrieve an XP document by the name of the author or to limit a search to XP documents
only
No statistical analysis possible. Please have a look at the Annual report and at the following page.
No search history provided