Introduction to the importance of gold and silver in holding value and preserving wealth as real money in comparison to paper currency and the modern economic system.
Brief guidance to the way of investing in precious metals in general and gold and silver in particular.
1. The document discusses the history of currency systems from ancient times to present. It notes that systems have historically moved from commodity-backed currencies like gold/silver to paper currencies and now digital currencies.
2. A key point is that fiat currency systems based on a single nation's currency pose risks, as shown by the collapse of systems like the Athenian drachma and the U.S. dollar abandoning the gold standard.
3. The document advocates for linking currencies to gold to avoid issues like hyperinflation and loss of purchasing power that can occur under fiat systems. It presents the new South African gold bond as a positive development that links a bond's value directly to gold.
The document discusses leaving fiat currencies like the US dollar and instead holding gold as a hedge against inflation and government overspending. It notes that gold has historically served as a form of money and store of value. It predicts increasing problems with fiat currencies and rising gold prices, advising building a position in physical gold bars as an alternative to paper assets vulnerable to currency debasement.
This presentation deals with “History of the Banking Sector”, where in you will be introduced to the evolutionary steps of the Economic Civilization and various stages of development of the banking sector.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
The document discusses the history and mechanics of the gold standard. It describes the classical gold standard from 1815-1914 where currency was pegged to a fixed amount of gold. It then explains the gold-exchange standards from 1926-1931 and 1945-1968 where the US dollar was pegged to gold which other currencies were pegged to. The document outlines pros and cons of the gold standard, such as its role in controlling inflation but also how it favors storing value over using money and can cause deflationary crashes. It questions whether returning to the gold standard would be appropriate today.
The international monetary system refers to the set of rules and institutions that facilitate international trade and investment. Historically, there have been several international monetary systems, including bimetallism, the classic gold standard, and the Bretton Woods system. The classic gold standard from 1879-1914 tied currencies to gold, allowing for fixed exchange rates and free capital movement. However, it lacked mechanisms for stabilizing global prices and suffered from economic volatility.
The international monetary system has evolved over time from the Classic Gold Standard to the Bretton Woods system to the present system. The Classic Gold Standard tied currencies to gold, allowing free conversion of currencies into gold. The Bretton Woods system established a gold exchange standard whereby the US dollar was convertible to gold and other currencies were pegged to the dollar. It created the IMF to help manage exchange rates and payments imbalances. However, the system collapsed in the 1970s due to US spending on Vietnam and the Nixon administration ending dollar convertibility to gold.
One of the issues with implementing the gold dinar and dirham is that it may negatively impact existing banking business models that are based on interest-bearing loans. The introduction of these currencies will make money multiplier activities like loaning out depositor funds difficult, as each dinar and dirham must be backed by a certain weight of gold or silver. This is unlike fiat currencies, where money supply can be more easily increased through lending practices. While Western countries may oppose it, Malaysia has reasons for adopting the gold dinar for international trade, such as reducing dependence on the U.S. dollar and fostering stronger economic cooperation among Muslim nations.
The document provides an overview of the international monetary system, including key historical systems like the gold standard and Bretton Woods system, as well as the current floating exchange rate regime. It describes the evolution from commodity money to representative money backed by gold or silver to modern fiat currencies. The gold standard fixed currency values to gold, while Bretton Woods pegged most currencies to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold. The system broke down in the 1970s and was replaced by floating exchange rates determined by supply and demand.
1. The document discusses the history of currency systems from ancient times to present. It notes that systems have historically moved from commodity-backed currencies like gold/silver to paper currencies and now digital currencies.
2. A key point is that fiat currency systems based on a single nation's currency pose risks, as shown by the collapse of systems like the Athenian drachma and the U.S. dollar abandoning the gold standard.
3. The document advocates for linking currencies to gold to avoid issues like hyperinflation and loss of purchasing power that can occur under fiat systems. It presents the new South African gold bond as a positive development that links a bond's value directly to gold.
The document discusses leaving fiat currencies like the US dollar and instead holding gold as a hedge against inflation and government overspending. It notes that gold has historically served as a form of money and store of value. It predicts increasing problems with fiat currencies and rising gold prices, advising building a position in physical gold bars as an alternative to paper assets vulnerable to currency debasement.
This presentation deals with “History of the Banking Sector”, where in you will be introduced to the evolutionary steps of the Economic Civilization and various stages of development of the banking sector.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
The document discusses the history and mechanics of the gold standard. It describes the classical gold standard from 1815-1914 where currency was pegged to a fixed amount of gold. It then explains the gold-exchange standards from 1926-1931 and 1945-1968 where the US dollar was pegged to gold which other currencies were pegged to. The document outlines pros and cons of the gold standard, such as its role in controlling inflation but also how it favors storing value over using money and can cause deflationary crashes. It questions whether returning to the gold standard would be appropriate today.
The international monetary system refers to the set of rules and institutions that facilitate international trade and investment. Historically, there have been several international monetary systems, including bimetallism, the classic gold standard, and the Bretton Woods system. The classic gold standard from 1879-1914 tied currencies to gold, allowing for fixed exchange rates and free capital movement. However, it lacked mechanisms for stabilizing global prices and suffered from economic volatility.
The international monetary system has evolved over time from the Classic Gold Standard to the Bretton Woods system to the present system. The Classic Gold Standard tied currencies to gold, allowing free conversion of currencies into gold. The Bretton Woods system established a gold exchange standard whereby the US dollar was convertible to gold and other currencies were pegged to the dollar. It created the IMF to help manage exchange rates and payments imbalances. However, the system collapsed in the 1970s due to US spending on Vietnam and the Nixon administration ending dollar convertibility to gold.
One of the issues with implementing the gold dinar and dirham is that it may negatively impact existing banking business models that are based on interest-bearing loans. The introduction of these currencies will make money multiplier activities like loaning out depositor funds difficult, as each dinar and dirham must be backed by a certain weight of gold or silver. This is unlike fiat currencies, where money supply can be more easily increased through lending practices. While Western countries may oppose it, Malaysia has reasons for adopting the gold dinar for international trade, such as reducing dependence on the U.S. dollar and fostering stronger economic cooperation among Muslim nations.
The document provides an overview of the international monetary system, including key historical systems like the gold standard and Bretton Woods system, as well as the current floating exchange rate regime. It describes the evolution from commodity money to representative money backed by gold or silver to modern fiat currencies. The gold standard fixed currency values to gold, while Bretton Woods pegged most currencies to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold. The system broke down in the 1970s and was replaced by floating exchange rates determined by supply and demand.
This document provides a summary of the history of international monetary systems from ancient times to the present. It discusses the gold standard period, the collapse of the gold standard after World War I, the Bretton Woods system established in 1944, and the eventual collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s. The document analyzes the shortcomings of each system and the economic and political factors that led to changes in the international monetary system over time.
The document provides an overview of the gold standard system. It begins with definitions of key terms like gold standard and discusses the history of using gold as a medium of exchange dating back thousands of years. It then explains how the gold standard worked, with countries fixing the value of their currency to a specific weight of gold and making their currency redeemable for gold. The gold standard period from 1880-1914 is described as a time of economic growth and free trade. The system broke down during World War I but was briefly reinstated until 1931. The US abandoned the gold standard completely in 1971.
Chapter 8 9 international monetary system (2)Elyas Khan
(1) The document discusses different international monetary systems including the gold standard, Bretton Woods system, and floating exchange rate system.
(2) It outlines the key features and rules of each system as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The gold standard collapsed due to World War 1 while Bretton Woods ended due to the Triffin dilemma and the U.S. abandoning the gold standard in 1971.
(3) The document also debates whether countries should return to fixed exchange rates or continue with floating rates, noting there are good arguments on both sides and the appropriate system depends on a country's individual circumstances.
international monetary system are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally there allocation of capital between nation states.
The international monetary system has evolved over time from bimetallism and the classic gold standard to the current floating exchange rate system. The Bretton Woods system established fixed exchange rates pegged to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold. It collapsed in the 1970s when the US suspended dollar convertibility. Currently, the flexible exchange rate regime categorizes systems as floating, pegging, or target zones. Floating rates are determined by market forces while pegging and target zones involve varying degrees of intervention to stabilize rates. The international monetary system facilitates global trade and investment by providing exchange rate stability and liquidity.
History of international financial marketsKarun Mahajan
The document summarizes the history of international financial markets in three periods:
1) The Classical Gold Standard period before 1914 when currencies were pegged to gold at fixed rates and exchange rates were stable.
2) The Bretton Woods system from 1944-1973 established a US dollar-based system with the IMF and World Bank overseeing fixed exchange rates.
3) From 1973 onward most currencies floated freely against each other without fixed exchange rates.
Gold standard - Meaning, Principles & FailureAfzalshah Sayed
The gold standard was a monetary system where currency was backed by and freely convertible to a fixed amount of gold. It was first implemented in Great Britain in 1821 and later adopted by other countries in the late 19th century. The key principles were free movement of gold between countries, automatic expansion/contraction of currency with gold inflows/outflows, and flexible domestic prices. While it promoted trade and stability, the gold standard lacked flexibility and countries eventually abandoned it due to economic and political factors prior to World War 1.
1. This document contains 15 multiple choice questions about international finance organizations and concepts such as the balance of payments, special drawing rights, and causes of international debt crises.
2. The questions cover topics like the roles and functions of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and other multilateral development organizations as well as technical terms used in international economics.
3. The questions have a single correct multiple choice answer relating to the purpose, historical context, accounting treatments, or responsibilities of the various international financial systems, institutions, and economic events addressed.
The document discusses the history and evolution of international monetary systems. It describes the gold standard system used in the late 19th century, the interwar period without a clear system, the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 pegging currencies to gold and the US dollar, and the move to floating exchange rates after the Bretton Woods system collapsed in the early 1970s. It also discusses features of fixed and flexible exchange rate systems used today including crawling pegs, target zones, and currency baskets.
Gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard unit of currency is a fixed quantity of gold or is kept at the value of a fixed quantity of gold.
International monetary systems provide means of payment between buyers and sellers of different nationalities and facilitate international trade and investment. They have evolved over five stages: 1) Bimetallism before 1875 used both gold and silver coins but was unstable, 2) the Classical gold standard from 1875-1914 tied currencies to gold, 3) the Interwar period from 1915-1944 saw suspension of the gold standard and competitive currency depreciation, 4) the Bretton Woods system from 1945-1972 established the IMF and pegged currencies to the US dollar and gold, and 5) the Flexible exchange rate system since 1973 allows currencies to float against each other after the collapse of Bretton Woods.
This document provides a history of currencies and exchange rates. It discusses how barter systems led to the development of coins and currency to serve as a medium of exchange. Currencies were originally tied to gold through the gold standard from 1821 to 1914. However, most countries moved to a floating exchange rate system after World War II. The key factors that determine exchange rates between currencies today include differences in inflation rates, interest rates, current account balances, public debt levels, trade terms, and political/economic conditions.
The document discusses various topics related to money and banking in the United States, including the following key points:
- There is over $2 trillion in U.S. currency in circulation globally, enough to provide over $2000 for each person.
- The Federal Reserve is responsible for printing paper currency and regulating the money supply and interest rates to influence economic conditions.
- U.S. coins are minted in Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco, with over 7 billion pennies minted each year. Paper currency is printed in Washington D.C. and Fort Worth.
- The Bureau of Engraving and Printing replaces damaged bills if over 51% of the bill is received, including recovering $850 after
This document provides an overview of international monetary systems and exchange rate arrangements. It begins with a brief history, starting from bimetalism pre-1875, to the classical gold standard from 1875-1914, the interwar period, Bretton Woods system from 1945-1972, and the current flexible system. It then describes different types of exchange rate systems such as freely floating rates, managed floats, target zones, and fixed rates. Specific historical systems like the gold standard and Bretton Woods are explained in more detail. In summary, the document outlines the evolution of international monetary arrangements over time from commodity-backed systems to present-day mixed systems.
The international monetary system refers to the global network of governments and financial institutions that govern international payments, capital flows, and currency exchange rates. It aims to facilitate international trade and investment. Historically it has taken different forms, including the gold standard (1875-1914), the Bretton Woods system (1945-1972), and currently a flexible exchange rate regime. The International Monetary Fund was established in 1945 to oversee the system and provide emergency loans to countries facing balance of payments crises. It works to promote global monetary cooperation and sustainable economic growth.
The document summarizes the evolution of international monetary systems from bimetallism before 1875 to the current flexible exchange rate system. It describes five stages of evolution: 1) bimetallism before 1875, 2) the classical gold standard from 1875-1914, 3) the interwar period from 1915-1944, 4) the Bretton Woods system from 1945-1972, and 5) the flexible exchange rate regime since 1973. For each stage, it provides brief details on the rules and factors that led to changes or collapses in the monetary system.
Mgnt 4670 Ch 11 Intl Monetary System (Fall 2007)knksmart
The international monetary system describes the structure through which exchange rates are determined, trade and capital flows occur, and balance of payments adjustments are made. It includes fixed and floating exchange rate systems, as well as the roles of central banks and reasons for each type of system. Over time, the system has evolved from early forms of localized money to the post-World War 2 Bretton Woods system of fixed rates tied to the U.S. dollar and gold, and now a mixed system with major currencies floating and various arrangements for other currencies.
The document summarizes the evolution of the international monetary system from the late 19th century to present day. It describes the periods of bimetallism, the classical gold standard, the interwar period, the Bretton Woods system, and the flexible exchange rate system established in 1973. Key events discussed include the end of the gold standard in 1914 due to WWI, the establishment of the IMF and World Bank at Bretton Woods in 1944, and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
This document provides a summary of the history of international monetary systems from ancient times to the present. It discusses the gold standard period, the collapse of the gold standard after World War I, the Bretton Woods system established in 1944, and the eventual collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s. The document analyzes the shortcomings of each system and the economic and political factors that led to changes in the international monetary system over time.
The document provides an overview of the gold standard system. It begins with definitions of key terms like gold standard and discusses the history of using gold as a medium of exchange dating back thousands of years. It then explains how the gold standard worked, with countries fixing the value of their currency to a specific weight of gold and making their currency redeemable for gold. The gold standard period from 1880-1914 is described as a time of economic growth and free trade. The system broke down during World War I but was briefly reinstated until 1931. The US abandoned the gold standard completely in 1971.
Chapter 8 9 international monetary system (2)Elyas Khan
(1) The document discusses different international monetary systems including the gold standard, Bretton Woods system, and floating exchange rate system.
(2) It outlines the key features and rules of each system as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The gold standard collapsed due to World War 1 while Bretton Woods ended due to the Triffin dilemma and the U.S. abandoning the gold standard in 1971.
(3) The document also debates whether countries should return to fixed exchange rates or continue with floating rates, noting there are good arguments on both sides and the appropriate system depends on a country's individual circumstances.
international monetary system are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally there allocation of capital between nation states.
The international monetary system has evolved over time from bimetallism and the classic gold standard to the current floating exchange rate system. The Bretton Woods system established fixed exchange rates pegged to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold. It collapsed in the 1970s when the US suspended dollar convertibility. Currently, the flexible exchange rate regime categorizes systems as floating, pegging, or target zones. Floating rates are determined by market forces while pegging and target zones involve varying degrees of intervention to stabilize rates. The international monetary system facilitates global trade and investment by providing exchange rate stability and liquidity.
History of international financial marketsKarun Mahajan
The document summarizes the history of international financial markets in three periods:
1) The Classical Gold Standard period before 1914 when currencies were pegged to gold at fixed rates and exchange rates were stable.
2) The Bretton Woods system from 1944-1973 established a US dollar-based system with the IMF and World Bank overseeing fixed exchange rates.
3) From 1973 onward most currencies floated freely against each other without fixed exchange rates.
Gold standard - Meaning, Principles & FailureAfzalshah Sayed
The gold standard was a monetary system where currency was backed by and freely convertible to a fixed amount of gold. It was first implemented in Great Britain in 1821 and later adopted by other countries in the late 19th century. The key principles were free movement of gold between countries, automatic expansion/contraction of currency with gold inflows/outflows, and flexible domestic prices. While it promoted trade and stability, the gold standard lacked flexibility and countries eventually abandoned it due to economic and political factors prior to World War 1.
1. This document contains 15 multiple choice questions about international finance organizations and concepts such as the balance of payments, special drawing rights, and causes of international debt crises.
2. The questions cover topics like the roles and functions of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and other multilateral development organizations as well as technical terms used in international economics.
3. The questions have a single correct multiple choice answer relating to the purpose, historical context, accounting treatments, or responsibilities of the various international financial systems, institutions, and economic events addressed.
The document discusses the history and evolution of international monetary systems. It describes the gold standard system used in the late 19th century, the interwar period without a clear system, the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 pegging currencies to gold and the US dollar, and the move to floating exchange rates after the Bretton Woods system collapsed in the early 1970s. It also discusses features of fixed and flexible exchange rate systems used today including crawling pegs, target zones, and currency baskets.
Gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard unit of currency is a fixed quantity of gold or is kept at the value of a fixed quantity of gold.
International monetary systems provide means of payment between buyers and sellers of different nationalities and facilitate international trade and investment. They have evolved over five stages: 1) Bimetallism before 1875 used both gold and silver coins but was unstable, 2) the Classical gold standard from 1875-1914 tied currencies to gold, 3) the Interwar period from 1915-1944 saw suspension of the gold standard and competitive currency depreciation, 4) the Bretton Woods system from 1945-1972 established the IMF and pegged currencies to the US dollar and gold, and 5) the Flexible exchange rate system since 1973 allows currencies to float against each other after the collapse of Bretton Woods.
This document provides a history of currencies and exchange rates. It discusses how barter systems led to the development of coins and currency to serve as a medium of exchange. Currencies were originally tied to gold through the gold standard from 1821 to 1914. However, most countries moved to a floating exchange rate system after World War II. The key factors that determine exchange rates between currencies today include differences in inflation rates, interest rates, current account balances, public debt levels, trade terms, and political/economic conditions.
The document discusses various topics related to money and banking in the United States, including the following key points:
- There is over $2 trillion in U.S. currency in circulation globally, enough to provide over $2000 for each person.
- The Federal Reserve is responsible for printing paper currency and regulating the money supply and interest rates to influence economic conditions.
- U.S. coins are minted in Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco, with over 7 billion pennies minted each year. Paper currency is printed in Washington D.C. and Fort Worth.
- The Bureau of Engraving and Printing replaces damaged bills if over 51% of the bill is received, including recovering $850 after
This document provides an overview of international monetary systems and exchange rate arrangements. It begins with a brief history, starting from bimetalism pre-1875, to the classical gold standard from 1875-1914, the interwar period, Bretton Woods system from 1945-1972, and the current flexible system. It then describes different types of exchange rate systems such as freely floating rates, managed floats, target zones, and fixed rates. Specific historical systems like the gold standard and Bretton Woods are explained in more detail. In summary, the document outlines the evolution of international monetary arrangements over time from commodity-backed systems to present-day mixed systems.
The international monetary system refers to the global network of governments and financial institutions that govern international payments, capital flows, and currency exchange rates. It aims to facilitate international trade and investment. Historically it has taken different forms, including the gold standard (1875-1914), the Bretton Woods system (1945-1972), and currently a flexible exchange rate regime. The International Monetary Fund was established in 1945 to oversee the system and provide emergency loans to countries facing balance of payments crises. It works to promote global monetary cooperation and sustainable economic growth.
The document summarizes the evolution of international monetary systems from bimetallism before 1875 to the current flexible exchange rate system. It describes five stages of evolution: 1) bimetallism before 1875, 2) the classical gold standard from 1875-1914, 3) the interwar period from 1915-1944, 4) the Bretton Woods system from 1945-1972, and 5) the flexible exchange rate regime since 1973. For each stage, it provides brief details on the rules and factors that led to changes or collapses in the monetary system.
Mgnt 4670 Ch 11 Intl Monetary System (Fall 2007)knksmart
The international monetary system describes the structure through which exchange rates are determined, trade and capital flows occur, and balance of payments adjustments are made. It includes fixed and floating exchange rate systems, as well as the roles of central banks and reasons for each type of system. Over time, the system has evolved from early forms of localized money to the post-World War 2 Bretton Woods system of fixed rates tied to the U.S. dollar and gold, and now a mixed system with major currencies floating and various arrangements for other currencies.
The document summarizes the evolution of the international monetary system from the late 19th century to present day. It describes the periods of bimetallism, the classical gold standard, the interwar period, the Bretton Woods system, and the flexible exchange rate system established in 1973. Key events discussed include the end of the gold standard in 1914 due to WWI, the establishment of the IMF and World Bank at Bretton Woods in 1944, and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
Global gold demand in the first quarter of 2011 increased 11% year-over-year to 981.3 tons due to turmoil in global markets and gold prices reaching all-time highs. India and China accounted for 41% of total demand. Meanwhile, gold supply declined 4% to 872.2 tons from the prior year due to a 6% drop in recycled gold. Factors driving increased gold demand and higher prices included a weakening US dollar, massive government deficits fueling inflation concerns, and rising investment demand for gold as a hedge.
This document discusses customer handling and its importance for businesses. Customer handling involves understanding customer needs, fulfilling their requirements through regular interaction and excellent service. It aims to establish long-term, one-to-one relationships with customers rather than just expanding the customer base. This helps with customer retention, loyalty, repeated business and better price negotiations. The key to good customer handling is delivering excellent basic service while also building strong relationships and creating competitive differentiation to provide excellent customer experiences and achieve business goals.
Casio Industries is the world's sixth largest and India's leading manufacturer of watches, with over 25% of the domestic watch market share. It has several popular brands including G-Shock, Edifice, Sheen, Protek, Outgear, and Oceanus. Casio has showrooms across India to serve customers in every segment. The company was founded in 1957 in Tokyo, Japan and released innovative watches over the decades such as the first G-Shock in 1983 and a digital watch with camera in 2000.
The document provides information on writing letters and memos in business communications. It discusses the definitions and basic processes for writing successful letters and memos, including prewriting, writing, and revision. Some key aspects covered include determining purpose and audience, organizing information, and ensuring clarity, conciseness, and a positive tone. Sample formats are also provided for business letters and memos, along with dos and don'ts and bibliographic references for additional information.
The document discusses the role of central banks as regulatory authorities of financial markets and institutions. It provides an overview of the history and evolution of central banking. It then discusses Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), the central bank of Nepal, outlining its objectives, governance structure, and key functions. The central bank controls money supply, stabilizes markets, acts as lender of last resort, oversees payments and maintains a sound banking system. It carries out various monetary policy tools and provides public information.
Casio (Brand Strategy, NYU Stern - Gromley)Jason Rawlins
The document discusses revitalizing the CASIO brand by leveraging the successful G-Shock sub-brand. It proposes infusing CASIO's corporate brand with G-Shock's exciting, colorful image to make CASIO seem more dynamic and stylish. Key elements of the rebranding plan include launching concept stores globally, sponsoring pop-up stores at events, and using taglines that encourage consumers to capture, color and create their lives with CASIO products. The goal is to reposition CASIO as a provider of innovative, rugged electronics that enable active lifestyles.
Presentation - Marketing Analysis of Casio ( G-Shock)Min Soe Paing
We created this presentation at 2015 for our business management class. Presentation is about marketing analysis of Casio Company's famous product "G-Shock". Most of the information and data are reference from Google. I'm just 18 years old when I participant in this presentation.
We are happy to read the feed back on this.
Thanks you so much, guys!
Welcome feedback and idea - minsoepaiz.new@gmail.com
ICICI Prudential Life Insurance offers various individual and group insurance solutions including savings and investment plans, protection solutions, retirement solutions, health solutions, and flexible rider options. A SWOT analysis finds strengths in being India's number one private life player, innovative policies, large financial institution backing, and high capitalization, but weaknesses in targeting only higher income customers and having high premiums and charges. Opportunities exist in expanding distribution and adopting new technology, while threats come from competition and potential policy changes.
The document discusses gold as an investment in India. It states that gold is the most favored investment instrument in India as it provides steady returns, liquidity, and satisfaction to buyers. It also diversifies investment portfolios. The document then discusses various ways to invest in gold, including physical gold and paper gold like gold ETFs, funds, and e-gold. It provides details on the features and performance of these paper gold instruments. The document concludes by discussing historical gold import data in India and factors that could influence future gold prices.
Accounting records, classifies, and summarizes business transactions to provide financial information to both internal and external users. It aims to determine profits and financial position, facilitate management control, and assess tax liability. However, accounting has limitations as it uses monetary values and estimates, and may be manipulated. The main accounting systems are cash basis, accrual basis, and mixed basis. Stakeholders like shareholders, creditors, management, employees, and the government rely on accounting information for decision making.
Lavie is an Indian handbag brand launched in 2010 that aims to appeal to Gen Y women. It provides a wide range of colorful handbags and recently expanded into shoes. The brand's logo uses four L's in the shape of a swastika which symbolizes auspiciousness in Indian culture. Kareena Kapoor Khan is the brand ambassador. Lavie's advertising promotes the message that it has a bag for every mood through print, television, online, and public relations campaigns. The brand focuses on being fashionable, trendy and accessible at price points that satisfy consumers.
This document provides an overview of Four Metals Market and investing in precious metals. It discusses:
- Four Metals Market facilitates online commerce of precious metals in Lebanon and acts as an agent for a Dubai trading firm.
- Precious metals like gold and silver are believed to maintain value better than currencies, which can be debased through inflation.
- When investing in precious metals, it is important to understand one's goals, risk tolerance, and have a clear plan regarding what and when to purchase. Holding physical bullion provides more control than derivatives.
- Geopolitical and economic instability in nations and currencies increases motivations for individuals to invest in tangible assets like precious metals as a store
The role of money in the Macro Economyssuser8537e8
Money plays a key role in modern economies by facilitating transactions and influencing economic activity. It allows specialization and exchange to occur more efficiently than a barter system. Central banks aim to control the money supply to promote growth, employment and price stability. While money solves issues with barter, uncontrolled increases in the money supply can cause inflation and reduce its value. Financial institutions and markets help stimulate economic development by transferring funds from savers to borrowers.
This document discusses different theories of money and currency. It contrasts value subjectivism with value objectivism. Value subjectivism is the view that money only has value because people believe it does, while value objectivism is the view that money has value because of the resources and labor required to produce it. The document also discusses natural currency and how it develops through exchange, as well as trade value principles like voluntary exchange. Other topics covered include neutral money, the distinction between money and currency, coins, notes, and the value of coins and notes.
This document discusses the key concepts of money and banking. It defines money as anything generally accepted as a medium of exchange, like currency notes and coins. Money serves four main roles: as a medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value, and standard for deferred payment. Historically, money has taken the form of commodity money, backed by valuables like gold, and fiat money, which is not backed but widely accepted. Modern forms of money include currency, checkable deposits in banks, and various types of paper money not backed by commodities. For a currency to function well as money, it should have properties of portability, divisibility, durability and recognizable value.
This document provides an introduction to money and banking, including:
- Definitions of money, monetary systems, and the functions of money as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value.
- The three main types of money are commodity money, fiat money, and fiduciary money, with most modern systems using fiat.
- Banks play a key role through fiduciary money in the form of demand deposits, and their functions include facilitating loans and credit.
- Characteristics of effective money include durability, portability, divisibility, uniformity, and limited supply to maintain value.
- Advantages of paper fiat money over commodities are that it is
This document provides an introduction to money and banking, including:
- Definitions of money, monetary systems, and the functions of money as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value.
- The three main types of money are commodity money, fiat money, and fiduciary money, with most modern systems using fiat.
- Banking topics covered include the scope of bank operations, functions of banking, and monetary theories.
- Characteristics of effective money are discussed, such as durability, portability, divisibility, uniformity, and limited supply.
Gold has historically been seen as a stable store of value and safe haven asset during uncertain times. It has been used widely in trade for thousands of years. Gold remains popular amongst traders today partly due to its international recognition and use by central banks in managing currencies. Traders can gain exposure to gold price movements through futures contracts or CFDs without owning the physical asset, allowing them to profit from both rising and falling prices. Popular ways to trade gold include contracts for difference on spot prices, options CFDs, and gold exchange-traded funds.
This is an overview of CoinInfo.com. It goes over the main features of the site and explains how it can help you be a better bullion precious metals and coin trader.
This document provides an overview of money, including its definition, evolution, characteristics, types, functions, demand and supply. It defines money as anything widely used and accepted in transactions. Money has evolved from commodity money backed by precious metals to modern fiat currency not backed by any commodity. Key characteristics include durability, divisibility, transportability and limited supply. The main types discussed are commodity, fiat and bank money. Functions of money include serving as a unit of value, medium of exchange, store of value and standard for deferred payments. Demand is influenced by transactions, precautionary and speculative motives, while supply includes currency and bank deposits measured by indicators like M1, M2 and M3.
There are six main options to consider when investing in gold:
1. Gold mining stocks provide exposure to gold companies but their prices do not directly track gold. They carry company-specific risks.
2. Gold funds offer diversified exposure to gold companies without researching individual stocks, but charge fees.
3. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) represent fractional ownership in physical gold and closely track its price with low fees.
4. Closed-end trusts offer fractional gold ownership but share prices are impacted by supply and demand and may trade at premiums.
5. Physical gold allows direct ownership but has high premiums, storage costs, and authentication risks.
6. Paper assets like ETNs
This document provides information about numismatic portfolios and managed accounts offered by Classic Gold Exchange. It discusses investing in tangible assets like rare coins as a way to diversify investments and protect against inflation. Specific types of rare coins discussed include pre-1933 gold coins and high-grade investment coins, which are described as having the highest potential for price appreciation due to their limited supply and high demand. The document promotes Classic Gold Exchange's approach of focusing on these undervalued areas of the rare coin market.
Money, banking, and financial institutionssajal islam
The document discusses several key concepts related to money and banking:
1. It defines money as having three main functions: medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value.
2. It explains the different measures of money supply (M1, M2, M3) and what types of assets are included in each measure.
3. It discusses what gives money its value, including acceptability, being declared legal tender, and maintaining relative scarcity through central bank management of the supply.
This document discusses the nature and origins of money. It defines money as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. Money emerged spontaneously through indirect exchange to overcome the problem of barter's double coincidence of wants. Commodities like salt, cattle, and metals historically served as money. Banks play a role in money creation by issuing money substitutes in the form of deposits and loans. Under fiat money systems, governments have more control over money than commodity standards, which placed natural limits on their ability to influence the money supply.
This course is gathered based on following courses:
PacktPub - Cryptocurrency Investing How To Find Undervalued Altcoins
Udemy - Bitcoin Trading Strategy
Udemy - The Ultimate Cryptocurrency Investment Course 2019 Approved
The gold spot price is the price at which physical gold can be bought or sold for immediate delivery. It changes constantly based on supply and demand factors globally. The gold futures price includes costs of storage, delivery, and financing, and is determined based on the current spot price as well as interest rates and supply/demand. The London Gold Fixing establishes benchmark prices twice daily for major currencies but only for large transactions of 400 ounces or more, so it is not the same as the generally available spot price. Trading gold futures provides an alternative to physical gold ownership that allows profiting from gold price movements without taking delivery of gold.
Money has several key functions - it acts as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value. The document discusses the disadvantages of barter systems and defines money. It explains demand deposits that can be withdrawn at any time versus time deposits with fixed terms. The document also defines fiat money issued by governments, and outlines the four measures of money supply and what constitutes high powered money according to the Reserve Bank of India.
This document provides an overview and summary of the SmartMetals service, which offers an alternative to expensive and cumbersome options historically available to retail investors for buying and storing precious metals. SmartMetals provides investors with more options at potentially better prices than traditional methods, including delivery, storage, and liquidity of gold and other precious metals globally.
The document discusses various strategies for trading commodities, including arbitrage opportunities between exchanges. It provides examples of arbitrage trades involving gold contracts on different Indian exchanges. It also discusses different commodity derivative contracts like futures and options available on crude oil and their specifications. Key factors that affect stock prices like demand and supply, market capitalization, news, and earnings ratios are also summarized.
Gold can be traded in several ways, including physical bullion, certificates, futures, ETFs, stocks, and options. Physical gold allows investors to directly own the metal but comes with security and storage costs. Gold certificates were paper receipts for gold but now are collector's items. Gold futures are contracts for future delivery at a set price and offer leverage. Gold ETFs provide exposure through a basket of assets but involve fees. Gold stocks offer exposure to gold prices but their value depends on other factors. Gold options give the right to buy or sell gold at a future date and price. Overall, the document discusses various vehicles for investing and trading in gold.
Similar to Episode I: Investing in Gold and Silver (20)
ZKsync airdrop of 3.6 billion ZK tokens is scheduled by ZKsync for next week.pdfSOFTTECHHUB
The world of blockchain and decentralized technologies is about to witness a groundbreaking event. ZKsync, the pioneering Ethereum Layer 2 network, has announced the highly anticipated airdrop of its native token, ZK. This move marks a significant milestone in the protocol's journey, empowering the community to take the reins and shape the future of this revolutionary ecosystem.
Methanex is the world's largest producer and supplier of methanol. We create value through our leadership in the global production, marketing and delivery of methanol to customers. View our latest Investor Presentation for more details.
UnityNet World Environment Day Abraham Project 2024 Press ReleaseLHelferty
June 12, 2024 UnityNet International (#UNI) World Environment Day Abraham Project 2024 Press Release from Markham / Mississauga, Ontario in the, Greater Tkaronto Bioregion, Canada in the North American Great Lakes Watersheds of North America (Turtle Island).
Cleades Robinson, a respected leader in Philadelphia's police force, is known for his diplomatic and tactful approach, fostering a strong community rapport.
2. Wealth?
• Definition of Wealth “A measure of the value of all of the assets of
worth owned by a person” by Investopedia.
• Wealth is your time and freedom.
• Money is the container that stores your economic energy,
• Money is your token to trade your time for goods and services,
• But you must have freedom to choose when and for what to trade
your money.
2
Rule I: Wealth is neither created nor destroyed but transferred from crisis to opportunity.
3. Money is NOT Currency
3
Money Currency
medium of exchange
unit of account
portable
long-lasting
mutually interchangeable
stores value leaks value away
based on intrinsic value based on faith
Rule II: Stop calling Currency for Money
4. Real Money
• Gold and Silver were formed long ago by supernova blast.
• Gold and Silver are permanent, do not go away and limited in quantity
- can not be increased making it impossible to be printed.
• Gold and Silver were used for over 5,000 years as a medium of
exchange.
• Gold and Silver were used as the basis for Bimetallic system at fixed
ratio in weight.
4
5. Coinage System
• Lydia is known to be the first city to invent coins made of gold at fixed
weight and purity around the 7th century BC making them
exchangeable.
• Athen exploded the use of coinage system in their active trade with
surrounding cities.
5
7. Currency System
• Before World War I, every printed currency note - Gold or
Silver Certificate - stated clearly that it is backed and
redeemable by deposited gold or silver.
• Each printed currency note was a claim cheque on
deposited gold or silver.
• Taking the US as an example
• In 1913 the US debased its US Dollar notes to 40%
backing by gold.
• In 1933 the US devalued its paper currency to US
Dollar 35/- per one ounce of gold.
• In 1944 Bretton Woods system was born with an
obligation for each country to maintain a fixed
exchange rate of its currency to the U.S. dollar.
• In 1971 the US unilaterally brought Bretton Woods
system to an end leaving all other currencies backed
by nothing. 7
The Central Bank of China
Promised To Pay
the Bearer On Demand
At Its Office Here
Twenty Customs Gold Units
10. Currency System
• Currently there are three forms of money
• Commodity Money
• Paper Money
• Digital Money
• We are being fooled by the invention of Currency System.
• Currency System is just an illusion.
• Currency System does not really exist but it is only an idea living in
our minds, and the same dream that we are dreaming.
10
11. Financial System!
• Financial systems evolved from several incidents of Engineered
Collapse.
• The cycle of devalued paper money and financial collapse is around
38 years.
• You must know the history of financial system, and how the financial
system works in order for you to know the game you are playing.
• But if you don’t know or try to educate yourself about the game that
we are playing, then you will get dissolved and vanish.
11
Rule IV: for every crisis there is an opportunity.
14. Prices
14
Prices
Currency Pool
When currency pool expands, prices sucks them to inflate
Inflation is the
expansion in
currency supply.
Prices to rise
Deflation is the
contraction in
currency supply.
Prices to fall.
Rule V: Value derives stability whereas prices always fluctuate.
15. Determine your profile!• Saver puts aside, on regular basis, small
portions of income for long-term goal. But
when savers make regular contributions in
foreign currencies, they run the risk of
getting their savings vanished when such
fiat currencies go back to their intrinsic
value “Zero”.
• Investor makes substantial contributions in
one or more kinds of assets for medium-
term goal of redeployment in a business
idea. But when investors rely only on
financial market, they lose their freedom of
choice.
• Speculator trades - buys and sells -
particular kinds of assets for economic
benefit. They run the risk of convertibility
and market exit.
15
Rule VI: Whichever one is your profile, you must firmly believe in your
goal and stick to your chosen plan.
17. Existing Options
• Cast bars are normally produced directly by pouring the
melted metal into a mould with appropriate dimensions.
• Minted ingots are cut from cast bars with a die to create
blanks that have the required dimensions and weight at
high purity.
• Minted ingots come as bars and rounds produced to
serve as investment grade products at low premium.
• When rounds take the backing of the government of a
particular country and get the consideration as legal
tender, they become coins with face value of a
particular currency.
• Coins exist starts as investment grade products but with
time they develop into numismatic products.
17
18. Standard Weights
• Each weight available in the market of a particular product will make
your chosen ticket size.
• Kilo-bar is more used extensively for trading and investment.
• Ounce-bar (31.105 grams) is used by most individuals for saving and
investment purposes.
• Other sizes exist to match different types of budgets:
• In grams: 1, 2.50, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 grams.
• In fraction of an ounce: 1/2, 1/4, 1/10 of an ounce.
18
19. Price Calculation• The Karat system is used to reveal the pure gold found in a product.
• Mass of pure gold in a product:
• Pure gold weight of a product = product weight x (product purity /
24).
• The fineness like 0.9999, 0.995, or 0.917 replaces the (product
purity / 24) in the above equation.
• Product Value = spot price of one ounce / 31.105 x the pure gold
weight of a product.
• Product Price = Product Value + premium.
• Premium is defined as a fixed markup covering cost of production,
transportation, insurance and profit margin.
• The same working is being used for pricing Silver, Palladium and
Platinum products.
19
20. Counterfeited Products
• Rounds of british full/ half sovereign gold coins are in circulation.
• They are of 21 karat of purity counterfeited locally, while the
original british gold sovereigns are of 22 karat purity as assured
by Act of Parliament of Britain and produced by Royal Mint in
Great Britain.
• They are being bought by Retail Shops from public as scrap gold,
and, then, sold back on premium, where as original british gold
sovereigns are considered legal tender and have weight
assurance by Act of Parliament of Britain.
• Replica of foreign brand ingots/ casts are also in circulation.
• No Good Delivery Standard available in Lebanese market and
non of local minting companies was accredited such status.
20
21. Your Action Plan
• Define your profile and economic goal.
• Determine your target date/age for your economic goal, put in place a
plan that you can follow even in difficult times, and set your start date.
• Turn off your emotions/ panics and stick to your plan.
• Have firm belief in what you are doing and NOT in what others are
saying.
• Keep yourself ready to adapt to changes but don’t lose focus.
• Be flexible to adjust your plan without changing your economic goal.
• Finally, whatever happens keep going!
21
22. Way Forward
• Choose the market place.
• Learn the rules of the market that you are intended to play within.
• Determine the kind of commodity, its properties and your suitable
ticket size.
• Pick a reliable delivery channel and a trustworthy counter-party.
• Online Retail Shop - Four Metals Market
• Online Trading Account - GLD1881
22
23. What entertains me…
• Market doesn’t go into a straight line where speculation and
manipulation create opportunities to make a buy.
• Gold and Silver are on sale these days. Who doesn’t like to make a
buy during a sale season?
• Low prices of Gold and Silver is not a symptom of market collapse but
an indication of upcoming prices rebound because suppress prices
make production of Gold and Silver less profitable leading a shortage
of supply in the physical market.
• Cost of production of one ounce these days stand at US Dollar 1,250.
• A new Electronic Silver Auction process went live on 14 August 2014
and is being run by Chicago Mercantile Exchange and Thomson
Reuters.
• A new gold pricing benchmark will replace the near century-old
London Gold Fixing by end of year 2014.
23
25. Questions and Answers
• Value isn’t utility?
• Value is the ultimate result of your economic energy stored in a
particular container. This value has to be expressed in numbers -
unit of account - to ease the exchangeability and trading your
value for goods and services. Value is what makes a particular
object worth possessing. Value can not be a utility because it has
a bigger role to play in making objects worth to be held or
exchanged.
25
26. Questions and Answers
• Do you believe in technical analysis for price Gold expectation?
• Personally I don’t believe in technical analysis of gold prices
because they are perceptions not concrete fact. They are
predictions which motivate people to go into a particular direction.
Warren Buffet says be greedy when public is fearful and be fearful
when public is greedy. No body knows more than what you are
doing.
26
27. Questions and Answers
• What about Real Estate?
• It is a very good option to preserve value if based on ready made
properties not off-plan. The trick in real estate is that it is highly
regulated by each jurisdiction. In other words, the ownership law in
real estate of a particular country has to be studied and consulted
well. For examples, some of the ownership laws say that
ownership is on lease for 99 years, other laws define ownership on
everything above the land but no ownership can be transferred to
the land in case the built property gets demolished. Off-plan
transactions are the worst options in the market because it is
actually the risk of the developer.
27
28. Questions and Answers
• Why is there economic meltdown every 38 years?
• The fact of the matter is that our system is a credit system. In other words, for
every unit of money to come into existence in must be borrowed in order to be
created. The system contradicts nature where value can only be transferred not
created. The studies of events of financial collapse that happened in the past
reviled that from time of bringing one unit of money into existence by creating it
from nothing through the credit system, it takes around 38 years to go back to its
intrinsic value which is the Zero.
• What’s the target of that?
• To bring balance back into the system. Even nature or wildlife balance
themselves. Nothing will continue to go up and nothing will continue to drop.
There will be a time when balance will come to play its role.
• Who does it?
• Politicians always come to engineer an exit from a meltdown by issuing more
rules and regulations making companies to spend more economic energy on
compliance leading to less profitable business and ultimate shutdown whereas
the other few companies explode the gaps in such rules and regulations for their
own benefits to become too big to fail.
28
29. Questions and Answers
• Will the Lebanese Lira be devalued within the year?
• In my opinion, the Lebanese Pound is already devalued and its
exchange price is artificial. Because the external debt is in foreign
currencies, there are only two ways to pay back:
• Export where companies operating in Lebanon increase their
export activities. Challenges are transportation cost, and quality
of exported products.
• Incoming Remittances in foreign currencies from individuals
living outside Lebanon.
• Lebanese Government is constantly refinancing its due debt
because there is not enough foreign currencies available to pay
back the external debt.
• Lebanese Economy is running substantial deficit in spending
which is being covered by printed money. This is what we call it
internal debt or issuing Treasury Bills
29