Lysozyme as Enzyme+ Antibiotic

1. Enzybiotics
Lysozymes
PAGE 1
Shashika Janith,夏亮
Bio engineering
TUST

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Applications
of enzymes

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4. What is a enzybiotic
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Solution
Bacterial
resistance

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A class of antibiotics.
 Derived from endolysins.
 Bacteriophage-encoded enzymes.
Degrade the bacterial cell wall of
the infected cell at the end of the
lytic replication cycle.
Enzybiotics is a promising way of fighting bacterial or
fungal infectious diseases by using viruses or viral
derived lysins.
 Enzybiotics are protein molecules that provide high specificity in killing
their target pathogens with a low probability of bacterial resistance.
 Endolysins can show a detrimental effect on both Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria.

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 A new approach to controlling infections
using Gram-negative/positive bacteria
 Bacteriophage holins and their
membrane-disrupting activity
 Anti-staphylococcal lytic enzymes
 Membrane-targeted enzybiotics
 Design of phage cocktails for therapy
from a host-range point of view
 Novel methods to identify new
enzybiotics
 Genetically modified phages that deliver
suicidal genes to target bacteria

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 Food industry: Bacteriocin plays an important role in the
food industry.
 Medical/Pharmaceutical industry: They act as potent
antibacterial and antifungal agents.
 Farm industry: It has also found application in the Farm
industry. They have been used in treating septicemia and
meningitis in chickens and calves.
It refers to all enzymes that are able to cause microbial cell
death (endolysins, bacteriocins, autolysins and lysozymes) and
regardless of their origin (including antifungal enzymes,
antimicrobial peptides and enzymes that block peptidoglycan
layer synthesis)
Industrial applications of enzybiotics

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Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, is an antimicrobial
enzyme/enzybiotic produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system. This natural
polypeptide with a molecular weight of 14,3kDa is found in the organs and bodily fluids of humans,
animals, and plants
Lysozymes

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 The primary structure of lysozyme -single
polypeptide containing 129 amino acids.
 Physiological conditions-lysozyme is folded into a
compact, globular structure with a long cleft in
the protein surface.
 This cleft is the active site involved in binding to
the bacterial carbohydrate chain and
subsequently cleaving it.

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 A remarkable natural antimicrobial and antiviral enzyme.
 It was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1921 .
 That same year he named this protein lysozyme because of its lysing action and its
ability to inhibit the growth of a wide range of gram-positive bacteria by effectively
rupturing the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall.
 Fleming went on to studying lysozyme’s various characteristics and in 1922. he
isolated the enzyme from the hen egg white.
 Some years later, the bactericidal activity of lysozyme was widely confirmed.
 in 1930 several scientific studies reported that lysozyme could be found in biological
fluids and tissues of many living organisms.
 it naturally inhibits the growth of many spoilage organisms, increases healthy shelf
life and ensures food safety. It also boosts the immunity system.
 The perfect natural alternative to synthetic preservatives for organic, artisanal and
minimally processed foods, lysozyme ultimately helps stop multi-drug resistance in
microbes due to overuse of antibiotics.

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Lysozyme is naturally present in (and can be
isolated from) mother's milk, tears, saliva,
and even cauliflower juice
Hen egg white (albumin) has a very high
content of lysozyme . This is why albumin is
the raw material of choice for the industrial-
scale production of lysozyme. Lysozyme can
be extracted on an industrial scale is chicken
albumen.
Production

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Lysozyme Applications
Functions
in human
body

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Lysozyme Applications
 bactericidal activity and total a-toxicity.
 has been used as an excellent preservative
against many food spoiling microorganisms.
 has been added to baby formula (to aid
digestibility) and gastrointestinal
treatments for the elderly.
 is used in skincare, to cure and prevent
acne and bedsores, as well as in optical,
dental and oral conditions.
 In many industrial fermentation processes
where Lysozyme is used to obtain a higher
yield or a more clear solution e.g. Lysozyme
is used to obtain food-grade quality
Xanthan Gum.

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In Japan lysozyme is highly valued
as a prescription and OTC remedy,
to treat headaches, colds and throat
infections. Today it remains one of
Japan's most reliable and trusted
preservatives for fruits &
vegetables, tofu & bean curd,
seafood & meats, wines & sakes, to
naturally inhibit the growth of many
spoilage organisms, increase
healthy shelf life and augment food
safety.
Lysozyme can often replace
chemicals altogether. Organic wines
use it to reduce sulfites and, most
recently, it is used in non-
pasteurized beer.

16. Quiz
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Can you give another name for lysozyme ?

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