This document summarizes a study analyzing the environmental aspects of housing developments in Pune, India. It describes the methodology used, which involved surveying selected housing sites, analyzing sun and wind patterns, and developing guidelines for energy efficient design. The study examines the Blue Ridge housing development in Pune as a case study. Solar and wind analyses of the site were conducted using software to evaluate building orientations. The results found some orientations did not follow design principles, with some areas receiving too much sun in summer or not enough in winter. Guidelines were proposed for housing developments to better account for environmental factors like sun and wind patterns.
Thermal comfort conditions of urban spaces in a hot-humid climate of Chiangma...Manat Srivanit
Thermal comfort conditions of urban spaces in a hot-humid climate of Chiangmai city, Thailand
Manat Srivanit 1, Sudarat Auttarat 2
1 Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University, Thailand
2 Social Research Institute (SRI), Chiangmai University, Thailand
source: http://www.meteo.fr/icuc9/
This document discusses bioclimatic design strategies for residential buildings in warm humid climates like Enugu, Nigeria. It begins by defining bioclimatic architecture as design that considers climate and environmental conditions to optimize thermal comfort and energy efficiency. It then outlines the study's objectives of reviewing bioclimatic principles, analyzing their application, and proposing a framework for residential buildings in Enugu. Key bioclimatic strategies discussed include natural lighting, cooling through shading and ventilation, and heating through passive solar gain and heat storage and distribution. The document also provides climatic data for Enugu to establish it as a warm humid tropical location.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document discusses the impact of climate on architectural design. It begins by explaining that all living creatures depend on suitable climate conditions and that humans have long sought to control their interior environments. Climate is one of the most important factors influencing both architecture and urban planning. The document then examines how architectural design should be based on climatic data and conditions. It discusses how design is affected by macro, mezzo, and micro climates as well as factors like sun, wind, and precipitation. The paper also analyzes how urban planning and building design should respond to different climate regions like cold, mild, and hot-humid areas. Overall, the document stresses the importance of considering climate in architectural design to provide comfortable indoor environments while efficiently using
Remote sensing involves obtaining information about objects or areas without direct contact using sensors to measure electromagnetic energy. It has applications in agriculture such as crop monitoring and yield assessment. GIS integrates geographic data by creating, managing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data on maps. It helps analyze factors influencing agriculture and can be used for applications like crop mapping, soil analysis, and weather forecasting to improve agricultural management and sustainability.
This document is a presentation about climate and building design given by Dr. Mark Jentsch at a workshop in Oman. It discusses how climate impacts building design and how vernacular architecture has traditionally adapted to local climates. However, modern architecture often ignores climatic considerations. It also addresses how the climate is changing globally due to factors like greenhouse gas emissions, and the need to adapt building design to future climate conditions.
Climate Modeling and Future Climate Change ProjectionsJesbin Baidya
Climate models are mathematical representations of the physical processes that control the climate system. The most sophisticated climate models are called General Circulation Models (GCMs) which attempt to simulate all relevant atmospheric and oceanic processes. GCMs are based on fundamental laws of physics and solve complex equations using computers. They allow scientists to project potential future climate changes from increasing greenhouse gases by assessing how the climate system may respond to restore equilibrium. While climate models have uncertainties, they provide valuable insights when evaluated against historical climate data.
An agro-meteorological observatory is an area where weather instruments are installed to collect data representative of the surrounding crop-soil-climate conditions. Key requirements include essential instruments like thermometers and rain gauges, as well as a site that is representative and accessible, but away from tall structures, water logging, and extreme topography. The recommended layout is a fenced area measuring 55m by 36m with the longer side running south to north, and tall instruments installed on the northern side to avoid shade effects.
Thermal comfort conditions of urban spaces in a hot-humid climate of Chiangma...Manat Srivanit
Thermal comfort conditions of urban spaces in a hot-humid climate of Chiangmai city, Thailand
Manat Srivanit 1, Sudarat Auttarat 2
1 Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University, Thailand
2 Social Research Institute (SRI), Chiangmai University, Thailand
source: http://www.meteo.fr/icuc9/
This document discusses bioclimatic design strategies for residential buildings in warm humid climates like Enugu, Nigeria. It begins by defining bioclimatic architecture as design that considers climate and environmental conditions to optimize thermal comfort and energy efficiency. It then outlines the study's objectives of reviewing bioclimatic principles, analyzing their application, and proposing a framework for residential buildings in Enugu. Key bioclimatic strategies discussed include natural lighting, cooling through shading and ventilation, and heating through passive solar gain and heat storage and distribution. The document also provides climatic data for Enugu to establish it as a warm humid tropical location.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document discusses the impact of climate on architectural design. It begins by explaining that all living creatures depend on suitable climate conditions and that humans have long sought to control their interior environments. Climate is one of the most important factors influencing both architecture and urban planning. The document then examines how architectural design should be based on climatic data and conditions. It discusses how design is affected by macro, mezzo, and micro climates as well as factors like sun, wind, and precipitation. The paper also analyzes how urban planning and building design should respond to different climate regions like cold, mild, and hot-humid areas. Overall, the document stresses the importance of considering climate in architectural design to provide comfortable indoor environments while efficiently using
Remote sensing involves obtaining information about objects or areas without direct contact using sensors to measure electromagnetic energy. It has applications in agriculture such as crop monitoring and yield assessment. GIS integrates geographic data by creating, managing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data on maps. It helps analyze factors influencing agriculture and can be used for applications like crop mapping, soil analysis, and weather forecasting to improve agricultural management and sustainability.
This document is a presentation about climate and building design given by Dr. Mark Jentsch at a workshop in Oman. It discusses how climate impacts building design and how vernacular architecture has traditionally adapted to local climates. However, modern architecture often ignores climatic considerations. It also addresses how the climate is changing globally due to factors like greenhouse gas emissions, and the need to adapt building design to future climate conditions.
Climate Modeling and Future Climate Change ProjectionsJesbin Baidya
Climate models are mathematical representations of the physical processes that control the climate system. The most sophisticated climate models are called General Circulation Models (GCMs) which attempt to simulate all relevant atmospheric and oceanic processes. GCMs are based on fundamental laws of physics and solve complex equations using computers. They allow scientists to project potential future climate changes from increasing greenhouse gases by assessing how the climate system may respond to restore equilibrium. While climate models have uncertainties, they provide valuable insights when evaluated against historical climate data.
An agro-meteorological observatory is an area where weather instruments are installed to collect data representative of the surrounding crop-soil-climate conditions. Key requirements include essential instruments like thermometers and rain gauges, as well as a site that is representative and accessible, but away from tall structures, water logging, and extreme topography. The recommended layout is a fenced area measuring 55m by 36m with the longer side running south to north, and tall instruments installed on the northern side to avoid shade effects.
Planning and Techniques Process and Methods for Survey and Research in Relati...ijtsrd
Believe that climate has a pronounced impact on human psychology and temperament. The four days of modern sociology and evaluation suggested that proper climatic conditions were the main requirement it and main stimulus for the development of civilization. In recent years, human has struggled to become independent it off climate Western human has established permanent research statics in Antarctica and Greenland and has built cities on the equator. Through the use of this technology, he has separated the climate within buildings from that outside even factories are air conditioned. Planning and techniques process and methods for survey and research in in relation to climatic impact of natural element on human and calling system, add lite and a habitable building anywhere. Primitive human left according to Sun. Has fuel was wood, the product of photosynthesis in this on time. His food he gathered himself during daylight, is ford was the product daylight. Is shelter in whatever Design resided was belt to use the desired natural elements and sailed out the excess. He lived in balance and with the natural processes and elements. The consideration man may best use the natural processes and element in in housing and insight design. To the extent that the natural elements considered in modern landscape architecture by contrast, positive approach to natural processes elements and factors are able to how natural processes elements and factors are to be utilized and emphasized to a greater extent by site planning and site design and manipulation of site element. The decision is made the greater will be that saving in energy and greater the possibility of utilization of natural energy sources such as solar radiation for natural heating and utilization of natural wind flow patterns for less energy expensive cooling and heating. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Planning and Techniques Process and Methods for Survey and Research in Relation to Climatic Impact of Natural Element on Human" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45246.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/45246/planning-and-techniques-process-and-methods-for-survey-and-research-in-relation-to-climatic-impact-of-natural-element-on-human/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
Study on 100% energy efficient sustainable buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper addresses the approach to minimize the Energy consumption and the cost of house and it givesthe comfort to the
people living within. This can be achieved by proper design of the structure and use of renewable resources. Energy can be
harnessed on site by use of solar for energy production which can be further stored for consumption in absence of daylight.
For achieving zero energy houses first we need to conserve energy at the time of construction and the execution then create
energy by renewable resources. Hence the amount of energy required for proper working in created on site hence there is no need
for any external source of energy. A zero energy home guarantees long term energy and cost stability for the homeowner. The aim
of the present study is to develop an open-access, consistent database of both personified energy and carbon for construction
materials.
Keywords: Energy, Energy saving, Cost saving, Emission reduction
IRJET- House Price Escalation by Hedonic Regression MethodIRJET Journal
This document discusses using hedonic regression analysis to evaluate the impact of open spaces and environmental services on residential property values. It begins with an abstract that outlines using hedonic regression to measure the implicit prices of non-market goods like open spaces by considering their influence on property prices. The introduction provides background on how open spaces can benefit communities and the environment. It describes hedonic regression's ability to measure the value of environmental services by their direct influence on market prices. The document then outlines the study's objectives, scope, data collection methods, sample size determination, analytical approach using regression analysis, and expected conclusion that proximity to open spaces increases property values.
A MODEL DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO DETERMINE TILT ANGLE OF SOLAR COLLECT...IAEME Publication
The solar systems are an intense need to full fill the energy requirement of developing countries like India. Where, thermal and photovoltaic are the two methods to utilize the solar energy directly from sun. In these methods solar equipments (e.g. flat plat collector and Photovoltaic panel) are kept in tilted position for absorbing maximum solar flux. Hence, finding the optimum tilt angle is the problem of optimization. Therefore, in this paper model driven optimization approach such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) estimator has been proposed to find optimum tilt angle and its results are compared with analytical results. A novel cost function has been applied to determine periodical optimum tilt angle. To validate the performance of PSO estimator results, statistical analysis study is carried out. Where, three statistical approaches such as descriptive method, direct method and Altman-Bland methods are adopted. The PSO estimator results are found satisfactory to ANA results at 95% confidence interval under statistical study.
A MODEL DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO DETERMINE TILT ANGLE OF SOLAR COLLECT...IAEME Publication
The solar systems are an intense need to full fill the energy requirement of developing countries like India. Where, thermal and photovoltaic are the two methods to utilize the solar energy directly from sun. In these methods solar equipments (e.g. flat plat collector and Photovoltaic panel) are kept in tilted position for absorbing maximum solar flux. Hence, finding the optimum tilt angle is the problem of optimization. Therefore, in this paper model driven optimization approach such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) estimator has been proposed to find optimum tilt angle and its results are compared with analytical results. A novel cost function has been applied to determine periodical optimum tilt angle. To validate the performance of PSO estimator results, statistical analysis study is carried out. Where, three statistical approaches such as descriptive method, direct method and Altman-Bland methods are adopted. The PSO estimator results are found satisfactory to ANA results at 95% confidence interval under statistical study.
This document summarizes a journal article about the design of a 250-room hotel in Hyderabad, India. It describes how the design team used climate analysis and building simulations to create a passive design that reduces energy usage. The analysis showed high solar radiation in winter and monsoons bringing rain and wind in summer. The design oriented the building and placed outdoor spaces to protect from wind and rain. It balanced light and thermal environments by prioritizing passive strategies like solar control before mechanical systems. This iterative process resulted in a 20% reduction in energy loads while providing a comfortable, sustainable design.
Visual impact evaluation of wind farms a case study of choshi city, japanAlexander Decker
This document proposes and tests a methodology for evaluating the visual impact of wind farms at both the city and community level. At the city level, it uses GIS viewshed analysis to quantify the visible area of wind turbines over time as the number increases. At the community level, it applies the Spanish method for visual impact evaluation, combined with a questionnaire survey. It tests this methodology on Choshi City, Japan as a case study, examining the practicality and accuracy of the Spanish method in an Asian country. The results show that the visible area of wind turbines in Choshi City increased as more turbines were added from 2001 to 2009.
Comments on the Best Design Strategies Using Psychrometric Chart with Referen...inventionjournals
With the evolution of Climate based technologies, it has proved to be helpful for professionals of construction field to not only predict the impact of climate but also act accordingly. The present paper is an attempt to suggest plans, orientation and to provide meaningful cause for incorporation of a particular style of design. The output of Climate Consultant 6.0 developed by UCLA Energy Design Tools Group has been taken to predict best design strategies ,in general, for Indore city of Madhya Pradesh State and comments are made accordingly.
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS: A MODEL...IAEME Publication
Objective: The objective of this study is baseline status of air, water, noise, land, biological and socio-economic environments. Environmental Impact Assessment study is key for any Project with out this study its not possible to get the approval keeping this in view this study has exist.
Methods: Methodology has been followed for Environmental Impact Assessment study has been conducted within an area of around 10 km radius around the project site as per ISO Standard Air Quality, Water Quality, Soil Quality, and Noise Quality.
Findings: Socio economic and Biological conditions under this flora and fauna available in the study area and solid waste management, Occupational safety and health management strategies has been recommended.
Applications: This type of studies very much useful for preparation of EIA Reports.
Seasonal impact of gaseous and particulate pollutants of Agra city over the 2...mahesh515545
Seasonal analysis of the gaseous pollutants over the year 2023
Final year project of civil engineering
Air pollution
Aktu
Rajkiya Engineering college Azamgarh
So2, No2 ,Pm10,pm2.5, pm100
Comparative Study on Day Lighting & Energy Modeling For Conventional and Gree...inventionjournals
A green building is a building which consumes less energy, less water and it includes proper waste management system in such a way that it utilizes maximum natural resources without .affecting the future needs. The energy consumption in a conventional building varies based on the person’s metabolic condition, the circulation of fresh air and the intensity of light entering to the building. The absence of fresh air circulation and lack of natural light will lead to intense power consumption in the building. The methodology used here is basically on the working of the three software viz., velux, design builder, and equest. The velux software is used to understand the building day light factor, how the ventilations are provided and to what extent the building is consuming the natural light through these ventilations. A simulation shall be drawn to check colors the lux values inside the building and it shall be done on the basis d considering different colors and designing the building as per latitude and longitude of the building so the results are based on the weather and climatic conditions of the building topography, thermal comfort in the building, metabolic conditions and materials used . Equest software is the software used for the final analysis of the modeled energy building to determine the consumption of the energy and also the annual savings based on the model prepared in the software. The main area is on how to reduce the energy consumption in the building using the natural day light. A study on the modeled building by its appropriate orientation and a cost wise comparison between green and a conventional building are done here. The study is conducted in one of the site located at Mangalore island site for conventional building.
Analysis Of Solar Radiation Towards Optimization and Location Of The Urban Bl...IEREK Press
This document discusses solar radiation modeling methods at different urban scales. At the macro scale (city level), tools like cellular automata models and parametric modeling can be used to optimize solar energy potential. At the mesoscale (neighborhood level), 3D modeling with remote sensing data and parametric techniques allow for solar radiation analysis of urban forms and blocks. At the microscale (building level), building energy modeling is important to evaluate energy strategies and optimize building-level solar energy use. Overall, the document explores how solar radiation modeling at different scales can help improve urban energy efficiency and renewable energy integration.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Gardening and landscaping @Rajeev Ranjan.pptRajeev Verma
This document discusses weather patterns in crop seasons and weather forecasting. It describes the three main cropping seasons in India: Kharif crops (monsoon season), Rabi crops (winter season), and Zaid crops (spring season). It then explains what weather forecasting is, its importance, types including short range, medium range and long range forecasts. It outlines methods used like synoptic, statistical and numerical prediction techniques. Finally, it details the weather forecasting process of observation and analysis, extrapolation, and estimation.
This document describes the design and implementation of a low cost mini weather monitoring system. The system uses an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller along with sensors to measure temperature, humidity, pressure, and light intensity. It also approximates dew point temperature and calculates altitude. Measurements taken with the system over a period of 8 days were analyzed and found to have less than 2% error when compared to data from official weather sources, validating the accuracy of the low cost system. The system provides an affordable option for weather monitoring that could help address the lack of weather data availability in many rural areas.
ESTABLISHING PROCESS FOR DESIGNING OF ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS IAEME Publication
The building designers are presently going through a transition phase. As due to the known energy implications of poorly designed buildings and related environmental issues, Government is imposing a number of controlling measures. These include building energy codes, green rating systems, and environmental clearance norms. At present very few guideline or support is available to the architects to incorporate all the above additional requirements during the design process. Standard architectural practice does not cover the energy/environmental considerations in common projects unless otherwise specified under scope of services. This paper is about formulating the design process for energy efficient buildings. The necessary data for which has been gathered through the survey conducted by the author from the architects working in various capacities. The paper starts with discussion on process and related aspects of designing energy efficient buildings. The sub topics define the methodology for establishing design process, including description of the participants and their selection criteria and, finally present the outcome of the survey in the form of a matrix.
Impacts of Climate Change in sustainability of hydropower in NepalQust04
- Climate change is having major impacts on hydropower infrastructure in Nepal by worsening extreme weather events like floods and landslides.
- Nepal has significant untapped hydropower potential but existing plants are being damaged or closed down due to climate impacts.
- To protect hydropower investments and ensure reliable energy access, climate risks must be integrated into planning, design, and operations. Factors driving infrastructure impacts under climate change must be identified to guide more resilient development.
Vibgyor a sustainability assessment tool for residential buildingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The Evaluation of Land Use Evolution and Ecological Sensitivity of Guangzhou ...AI Publications
The dynamic stability of the local ecological environment is related to changes in land use patterns and ecological sensitivity. The study aims to identify the land use characteristics and dynamic change features in Guangzhou City using RS and GIS technology. We choose six ecological sensitivity factors, such as land use type, elevation, watershed buffer, vegetation cover, slope, and slope direction, and use the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to obtain the results of single-factor and comprehensive ecological sensitivity. The findings indicate that, in terms of land use, the area of four types—forest land, grassland, arable land, and unused land—decreased from 2000 to 2020, while the area of water bodies and construction land rose, with a minimal overall change. According to total ecological sensitivity, very sensitive areas make up the majority of the total area and are primarily found along the northern township boundary; very low-sensitive and mildly sensitive areas are mostly found in the south and center. In order to encourage the development of an ecological civilization in the city, Guangzhou City must establish the idea of harmony between people and the land and increase the ecological conservation function.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
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Planning and Techniques Process and Methods for Survey and Research in Relati...ijtsrd
Believe that climate has a pronounced impact on human psychology and temperament. The four days of modern sociology and evaluation suggested that proper climatic conditions were the main requirement it and main stimulus for the development of civilization. In recent years, human has struggled to become independent it off climate Western human has established permanent research statics in Antarctica and Greenland and has built cities on the equator. Through the use of this technology, he has separated the climate within buildings from that outside even factories are air conditioned. Planning and techniques process and methods for survey and research in in relation to climatic impact of natural element on human and calling system, add lite and a habitable building anywhere. Primitive human left according to Sun. Has fuel was wood, the product of photosynthesis in this on time. His food he gathered himself during daylight, is ford was the product daylight. Is shelter in whatever Design resided was belt to use the desired natural elements and sailed out the excess. He lived in balance and with the natural processes and elements. The consideration man may best use the natural processes and element in in housing and insight design. To the extent that the natural elements considered in modern landscape architecture by contrast, positive approach to natural processes elements and factors are able to how natural processes elements and factors are to be utilized and emphasized to a greater extent by site planning and site design and manipulation of site element. The decision is made the greater will be that saving in energy and greater the possibility of utilization of natural energy sources such as solar radiation for natural heating and utilization of natural wind flow patterns for less energy expensive cooling and heating. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Planning and Techniques Process and Methods for Survey and Research in Relation to Climatic Impact of Natural Element on Human" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45246.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/45246/planning-and-techniques-process-and-methods-for-survey-and-research-in-relation-to-climatic-impact-of-natural-element-on-human/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
Study on 100% energy efficient sustainable buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper addresses the approach to minimize the Energy consumption and the cost of house and it givesthe comfort to the
people living within. This can be achieved by proper design of the structure and use of renewable resources. Energy can be
harnessed on site by use of solar for energy production which can be further stored for consumption in absence of daylight.
For achieving zero energy houses first we need to conserve energy at the time of construction and the execution then create
energy by renewable resources. Hence the amount of energy required for proper working in created on site hence there is no need
for any external source of energy. A zero energy home guarantees long term energy and cost stability for the homeowner. The aim
of the present study is to develop an open-access, consistent database of both personified energy and carbon for construction
materials.
Keywords: Energy, Energy saving, Cost saving, Emission reduction
IRJET- House Price Escalation by Hedonic Regression MethodIRJET Journal
This document discusses using hedonic regression analysis to evaluate the impact of open spaces and environmental services on residential property values. It begins with an abstract that outlines using hedonic regression to measure the implicit prices of non-market goods like open spaces by considering their influence on property prices. The introduction provides background on how open spaces can benefit communities and the environment. It describes hedonic regression's ability to measure the value of environmental services by their direct influence on market prices. The document then outlines the study's objectives, scope, data collection methods, sample size determination, analytical approach using regression analysis, and expected conclusion that proximity to open spaces increases property values.
A MODEL DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO DETERMINE TILT ANGLE OF SOLAR COLLECT...IAEME Publication
The solar systems are an intense need to full fill the energy requirement of developing countries like India. Where, thermal and photovoltaic are the two methods to utilize the solar energy directly from sun. In these methods solar equipments (e.g. flat plat collector and Photovoltaic panel) are kept in tilted position for absorbing maximum solar flux. Hence, finding the optimum tilt angle is the problem of optimization. Therefore, in this paper model driven optimization approach such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) estimator has been proposed to find optimum tilt angle and its results are compared with analytical results. A novel cost function has been applied to determine periodical optimum tilt angle. To validate the performance of PSO estimator results, statistical analysis study is carried out. Where, three statistical approaches such as descriptive method, direct method and Altman-Bland methods are adopted. The PSO estimator results are found satisfactory to ANA results at 95% confidence interval under statistical study.
A MODEL DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO DETERMINE TILT ANGLE OF SOLAR COLLECT...IAEME Publication
The solar systems are an intense need to full fill the energy requirement of developing countries like India. Where, thermal and photovoltaic are the two methods to utilize the solar energy directly from sun. In these methods solar equipments (e.g. flat plat collector and Photovoltaic panel) are kept in tilted position for absorbing maximum solar flux. Hence, finding the optimum tilt angle is the problem of optimization. Therefore, in this paper model driven optimization approach such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) estimator has been proposed to find optimum tilt angle and its results are compared with analytical results. A novel cost function has been applied to determine periodical optimum tilt angle. To validate the performance of PSO estimator results, statistical analysis study is carried out. Where, three statistical approaches such as descriptive method, direct method and Altman-Bland methods are adopted. The PSO estimator results are found satisfactory to ANA results at 95% confidence interval under statistical study.
This document summarizes a journal article about the design of a 250-room hotel in Hyderabad, India. It describes how the design team used climate analysis and building simulations to create a passive design that reduces energy usage. The analysis showed high solar radiation in winter and monsoons bringing rain and wind in summer. The design oriented the building and placed outdoor spaces to protect from wind and rain. It balanced light and thermal environments by prioritizing passive strategies like solar control before mechanical systems. This iterative process resulted in a 20% reduction in energy loads while providing a comfortable, sustainable design.
Visual impact evaluation of wind farms a case study of choshi city, japanAlexander Decker
This document proposes and tests a methodology for evaluating the visual impact of wind farms at both the city and community level. At the city level, it uses GIS viewshed analysis to quantify the visible area of wind turbines over time as the number increases. At the community level, it applies the Spanish method for visual impact evaluation, combined with a questionnaire survey. It tests this methodology on Choshi City, Japan as a case study, examining the practicality and accuracy of the Spanish method in an Asian country. The results show that the visible area of wind turbines in Choshi City increased as more turbines were added from 2001 to 2009.
Comments on the Best Design Strategies Using Psychrometric Chart with Referen...inventionjournals
With the evolution of Climate based technologies, it has proved to be helpful for professionals of construction field to not only predict the impact of climate but also act accordingly. The present paper is an attempt to suggest plans, orientation and to provide meaningful cause for incorporation of a particular style of design. The output of Climate Consultant 6.0 developed by UCLA Energy Design Tools Group has been taken to predict best design strategies ,in general, for Indore city of Madhya Pradesh State and comments are made accordingly.
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS: A MODEL...IAEME Publication
Objective: The objective of this study is baseline status of air, water, noise, land, biological and socio-economic environments. Environmental Impact Assessment study is key for any Project with out this study its not possible to get the approval keeping this in view this study has exist.
Methods: Methodology has been followed for Environmental Impact Assessment study has been conducted within an area of around 10 km radius around the project site as per ISO Standard Air Quality, Water Quality, Soil Quality, and Noise Quality.
Findings: Socio economic and Biological conditions under this flora and fauna available in the study area and solid waste management, Occupational safety and health management strategies has been recommended.
Applications: This type of studies very much useful for preparation of EIA Reports.
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Comparative Study on Day Lighting & Energy Modeling For Conventional and Gree...inventionjournals
A green building is a building which consumes less energy, less water and it includes proper waste management system in such a way that it utilizes maximum natural resources without .affecting the future needs. The energy consumption in a conventional building varies based on the person’s metabolic condition, the circulation of fresh air and the intensity of light entering to the building. The absence of fresh air circulation and lack of natural light will lead to intense power consumption in the building. The methodology used here is basically on the working of the three software viz., velux, design builder, and equest. The velux software is used to understand the building day light factor, how the ventilations are provided and to what extent the building is consuming the natural light through these ventilations. A simulation shall be drawn to check colors the lux values inside the building and it shall be done on the basis d considering different colors and designing the building as per latitude and longitude of the building so the results are based on the weather and climatic conditions of the building topography, thermal comfort in the building, metabolic conditions and materials used . Equest software is the software used for the final analysis of the modeled energy building to determine the consumption of the energy and also the annual savings based on the model prepared in the software. The main area is on how to reduce the energy consumption in the building using the natural day light. A study on the modeled building by its appropriate orientation and a cost wise comparison between green and a conventional building are done here. The study is conducted in one of the site located at Mangalore island site for conventional building.
Analysis Of Solar Radiation Towards Optimization and Location Of The Urban Bl...IEREK Press
This document discusses solar radiation modeling methods at different urban scales. At the macro scale (city level), tools like cellular automata models and parametric modeling can be used to optimize solar energy potential. At the mesoscale (neighborhood level), 3D modeling with remote sensing data and parametric techniques allow for solar radiation analysis of urban forms and blocks. At the microscale (building level), building energy modeling is important to evaluate energy strategies and optimize building-level solar energy use. Overall, the document explores how solar radiation modeling at different scales can help improve urban energy efficiency and renewable energy integration.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Gardening and landscaping @Rajeev Ranjan.pptRajeev Verma
This document discusses weather patterns in crop seasons and weather forecasting. It describes the three main cropping seasons in India: Kharif crops (monsoon season), Rabi crops (winter season), and Zaid crops (spring season). It then explains what weather forecasting is, its importance, types including short range, medium range and long range forecasts. It outlines methods used like synoptic, statistical and numerical prediction techniques. Finally, it details the weather forecasting process of observation and analysis, extrapolation, and estimation.
This document describes the design and implementation of a low cost mini weather monitoring system. The system uses an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller along with sensors to measure temperature, humidity, pressure, and light intensity. It also approximates dew point temperature and calculates altitude. Measurements taken with the system over a period of 8 days were analyzed and found to have less than 2% error when compared to data from official weather sources, validating the accuracy of the low cost system. The system provides an affordable option for weather monitoring that could help address the lack of weather data availability in many rural areas.
ESTABLISHING PROCESS FOR DESIGNING OF ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS IAEME Publication
The building designers are presently going through a transition phase. As due to the known energy implications of poorly designed buildings and related environmental issues, Government is imposing a number of controlling measures. These include building energy codes, green rating systems, and environmental clearance norms. At present very few guideline or support is available to the architects to incorporate all the above additional requirements during the design process. Standard architectural practice does not cover the energy/environmental considerations in common projects unless otherwise specified under scope of services. This paper is about formulating the design process for energy efficient buildings. The necessary data for which has been gathered through the survey conducted by the author from the architects working in various capacities. The paper starts with discussion on process and related aspects of designing energy efficient buildings. The sub topics define the methodology for establishing design process, including description of the participants and their selection criteria and, finally present the outcome of the survey in the form of a matrix.
Impacts of Climate Change in sustainability of hydropower in NepalQust04
- Climate change is having major impacts on hydropower infrastructure in Nepal by worsening extreme weather events like floods and landslides.
- Nepal has significant untapped hydropower potential but existing plants are being damaged or closed down due to climate impacts.
- To protect hydropower investments and ensure reliable energy access, climate risks must be integrated into planning, design, and operations. Factors driving infrastructure impacts under climate change must be identified to guide more resilient development.
Vibgyor a sustainability assessment tool for residential buildingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The Evaluation of Land Use Evolution and Ecological Sensitivity of Guangzhou ...AI Publications
The dynamic stability of the local ecological environment is related to changes in land use patterns and ecological sensitivity. The study aims to identify the land use characteristics and dynamic change features in Guangzhou City using RS and GIS technology. We choose six ecological sensitivity factors, such as land use type, elevation, watershed buffer, vegetation cover, slope, and slope direction, and use the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to obtain the results of single-factor and comprehensive ecological sensitivity. The findings indicate that, in terms of land use, the area of four types—forest land, grassland, arable land, and unused land—decreased from 2000 to 2020, while the area of water bodies and construction land rose, with a minimal overall change. According to total ecological sensitivity, very sensitive areas make up the majority of the total area and are primarily found along the northern township boundary; very low-sensitive and mildly sensitive areas are mostly found in the south and center. In order to encourage the development of an ecological civilization in the city, Guangzhou City must establish the idea of harmony between people and the land and increase the ecological conservation function.
Similar to ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF HOUSING : A CASE OF PUNE, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA (20)
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
The document describes the multi-step process for preparing a Town Planning Scheme (TPS) in Ahmedabad, India. It involves detailed surveying, establishing land ownership details, reconciling maps and records, publicizing the plan, allocating land for roads and amenities, determining plot sizes and values, consulting landowners, and obtaining governmental approvals. The long process aims to systematically plan infrastructure, compensate landowners, and capture increases in land value to fund development.
The document provides an overview of topics to be covered in a Professional Practice lecture plan, including valuation, types of leases, dilapidation, repairs, easements, land acquisition, rent control, and fire insurance. Key points include:
1) Easements are rights over another's land that allow the use or enjoyment of one's own land, such as rights of way. They have dominant and servient lands.
2) They can be acquired by grant, necessity, or prescription of continuous use for 20 years. Ancient lights protect long-standing windows from new obstructions.
3) The Land Acquisition Act allows compulsory land acquisition for public purposes, with compensation at market rate plus 30
Here are the key points about easements:
- An easement is a non-possessory right to use and/or enter onto the real property of another without possessing it. It allows access to property or resources.
- Examples of easements include rights of way, access to fishing ponds or beaches across private land.
- An easement is considered a property right at common law and treated as such in most jurisdictions.
- An easement can be imposed by anyone who can transfer their interest in the land, such as a leaseholder or life tenant.
- An easement can be acquired by the owner of the land benefited by the easement, or someone in possession of that land.
The document summarizes the legal responsibilities and obligations of a promoter who constructs or intends to construct apartment buildings to sell individual flats. It outlines that the promoter must:
1. Make full disclosure about the title and any encumbrances on the land, and allow inspection of approved building plans.
2. Disclose the nature of fixtures, fittings, amenities and construction details. Specify possession dates and prepare a list of flats sold.
3. Disclose the organization that will govern flat owners and not allow possession until required certificates. Make full disclosure of outgoings and other prescribed information.
The document discusses the Indian Easement Act of 1882 and provides definitions and examples of easements. It also discusses different types of easements, how they can be acquired or imposed, and factors that can lead to the suspension of an easement. Some key points include:
- An easement is a non-possessory right to use or enter onto another's land for beneficial use and enjoyment without possessing it, such as for access.
- Easements can be acquired through grant, necessity, or prescription over many years of open and continuous use.
- Types of easements include utility, private, prescriptive, and public easements.
- An easement can be suspended if both parties
Depreciation is the process of allocating the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life rather than deducting the full cost in the year it was acquired. A sinking fund is a fund created by regular member contributions to pay for future repairs or reconstruction of a building. Key aspects of a sinking fund include mandatory member contributions of at least 0.25% of construction costs annually, long-term investment of the funds, and use of the money for major repairs approved by members. Societies must properly track and manage sinking funds according to regulations.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document discusses dilapidation reports, which record the condition of a property before and after nearby construction work to identify any damage caused by the work. Dilapidation reports are conducted by experienced consultants and include notes, measurements, photos and diagrams providing an accurate record of the property's state. The document also provides details on what a dilapidation report should include when inspecting different areas of a building, such as the roof, floors, staircase, walls and drainage.
Fair market value is the estimated price a property would sell for on the open market. It is not the same as the value to an individual owner. Depreciation refers to both the decrease in an asset's value over time and the allocation of an asset's cost over its useful life. Factors that can affect a property's valuation include location, geographical stability, age and condition, size and improvements, population movement, and legal/tax factors. For the student's own flat valued at Rs. 100,000, the estimated fair market value is Rs. 85,000, reserve sale value is Rs. 80,000, and distress sale value is Rs. 90,000 based on its age and the structure's expected life.
The document discusses several key factors for consideration in developing India:
1) Population and employment - India faces overpopulation which leads to unemployment as generating jobs is difficult and infrastructure cannot keep pace with population growth.
2) Resources are overexploited as land, water, and forests face scarcity issues due to the large population.
3) Infrastructure development has not kept up with rapid population growth, creating issues like lack of transportation, housing, and other facilities.
As an architect, one can advise flat owners in MHADA buildings on the redevelopment process and benefits under DCR 33(5). This includes increased permissible floor space index (FSI) and amenities. In the initial stages of redevelopment, the architect would survey the existing building, obtain land conveyance information, consider applicable policies and regulations, and get details on available FSI and TDR. They would also take member recommendations and prepare a project report within two months.
The document discusses Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) and Fungible Floor Space Index (FSI) in Mumbai.
TDR allows land owners to transfer unused construction rights to other land owners in exchange for money. Fungible FSI was introduced to curb overbuilding by developers. It allows for a 35% increase in permissible FSI with a cap on total construction area and charges developers for previously exempted areas like balconies.
As an architect's role is to educate members of society on how to utilize TDR and Fungible FSI rights. This includes advising societies on selling unused FSI and educating tenants that fungible FSI costs are partially passed to them by developers as
The document discusses legislation related to the sale of ownership flats in Maharashtra, India and the process for forming a cooperative society for a block of flats. It notes that the Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act was passed in 1963 to regulate promotion, construction, sale, management and transfer of flats and protect buyers from exploitation. It outlines the process for registering a cooperative society, including requirements for membership and submitting an application. It also discusses how the rights of individual flat owners are assessed in terms of future development potential like transferable development rights and additional floor space index in a cooperative housing society.
Explain the various factors that influence a structure?Anupama Krishnan
The document discusses six factors that influence architectural structures: geographical, geological, climate, religion, social/political, and historical. It provides examples of how each factor shapes architecture. Geography influences architecture based on the lay of the land. Geology influences the materials used based on natural resources available. Climate influences construction methods and protection needs. Religion shapes architecture through powerful priesthoods and traditions. Social/political structures enable large public works through available labor. Architecture reflects surrounding culture over time through historical influences.
The document discusses the legislative structure and development of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) in Maharashtra, India. The MMR consists of Mumbai and surrounding satellite towns covering an area of 4,355 km2 and population of over 20 million people. It is overseen by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) which is responsible for planning, development, transportation and housing. The region has experienced problems with unorganized and illegal development due to rapid urbanization. Coastal Regulation Zones (CRZ) are notified areas along India's coastline classified into four types - CRZ-1 to CRZ-4 - based on their ecological sensitivity and the activities permitted within each. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
This document discusses strategies for optimizing building services to enhance energy efficiency and environmental performance. It covers passive design techniques like building orientation, shading, and thermal mass to reduce loads. It also discusses natural and mechanical ventilation, passive and low-energy cooling/heating, lighting, electrical systems, HVAC, commissioning and renewable energy options. The goal is to minimize artificial energy usage through integrated and climate-responsive building design.
International Upcycling Research Network advisory board meeting 4Kyungeun Sung
Slides used for the International Upcycling Research Network advisory board 4 (last one). The project is based at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
Rethinking Kållered │ From Big Box to a Reuse Hub: A Transformation Journey ...SirmaDuztepeliler
"Rethinking Kållered │ From Big Box to a Reuse Hub: A Transformation Journey Toward Sustainability"
The booklet of my master’s thesis at the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at Chalmers University of Technology. (Gothenburg, Sweden)
This thesis explores the transformation of the vacated (2023) IKEA store in Kållered, Sweden, into a "Reuse Hub" addressing various user types. The project aims to create a model for circular and sustainable economic practices that promote resource efficiency, waste reduction, and a shift in societal overconsumption patterns.
Reuse, though crucial in the circular economy, is one of the least studied areas. Most materials with reuse potential, especially in the construction sector, are recycled (downcycled), causing a greater loss of resources and energy. My project addresses barriers to reuse, such as difficult access to materials, storage, and logistics issues.
Aims:
• Enhancing Access to Reclaimed Materials: Creating a hub for reclaimed construction materials for both institutional and individual needs.
• Promoting Circular Economy: Showcasing the potential and variety of reusable materials and how they can drive a circular economy.
• Fostering Community Engagement: Developing spaces for social interaction around reuse-focused stores and workshops.
• Raising Awareness: Transforming a former consumerist symbol into a center for circular practices.
Highlights:
• The project emphasizes cross-sector collaboration with producers and wholesalers to repurpose surplus materials before they enter the recycling phase.
• This project can serve as a prototype for reusing many idle commercial buildings in different scales and sizes.
• The findings indicate that transforming large vacant properties can support sustainable practices and present an economically attractive business model with high social returns at the same time.
• It highlights the potential of how sustainable practices in the construction sector can drive societal change.
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Fig. 1: A typical method adopted in environmental issues in housing
Pune's climatic zone
Pune city falls under moderate climatic zone.2
Pune (Latitude: 18.53° N, Longitude: 73.85° E,
Elevation: 559 MASL).The climatic conditions
in Pune are mostly warm (Table 1 to Table 3).
The day temperatures are relatively high during
March, April and May, the corresponding night
temperatures are within comfort level (Table. 4).
Table 1 : Climatic zones of Pune
Place
Climatic zones Comfort conditions
Jan May Aug Nov Jan May Aug Nov
Pune M-D M-D M-HU M-HU 1-4 3-5 2-4 1-4
Table 2 : Classification of temperature in Pune
Temperature
Symbol Meaning
Average mean daily temp. for the
month (in deg.cel.)
V.H. Very hot >35
H Hot 30 to 35
M Moderate 20 to 30
C Cool 15 to 20
Table 3 : Relative humidity in Pune
Relative humidity
Symbol Meaning Relative humidity (in %)
V.D. Very dry 0 to 25
D. Dry 25 to 50
Hu Humid 50 to 75
V.Hu Very humid 75 to 100
April is the hottest month with average daily
maximum temperature of 37.4 °C and a
corresponding relative humidity of
19%. Evaporative cooling is indicated in
these months during daytime. In monsoon
months (June to October), ventilation is
required to provide comfort throughout the
day. Winter months (January, February,
November and December) are generally
comfortable during the day and cool at night.
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Table 4 : Comfort values for Pune
Comfort values
Key no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Condition
Very
Cold
Cold Cool
Comfor-
table
Warm Hot
Very
hot
Effective temp.
range(in deg.cel.)
<15 15 to 18 18 to 21 21 to 24 24 to 27 27 to 30 >30
Survey and analysis
Study approach
Mostly approaches used for the design at site
level are generally water conservation design,
energy efficient lighting, solar water heaters,
Solid waste management, etc. But while
designing at site level we need to consider two
basic approaches i.e. sun and wind. After
studying these two criteria, apply the analysis
for the designing of guidelines.
Analysis techniques for site
The goal of these analysis techniques is to
determine what potential benefits or problems
may arise from the sun and wind on the site.
People tend to be comfortable within a fairly
narrow range of temperature and relative
humidity called the comfort zone. It is possible,
by analyzing the site’s seasonal sun and wind
pattern to place the building and outdoor spaces
to take advantage of the prevailing climate.So
technique will be of three types :
1. Sun
a) Sun dial
b) Sun path diagram
2. Wind
a) Wind rose
b) Adjustment
3. Overlap of Sun and wind :
Micro-climate analysis
Sun
The goal in the preliminary solar study is to
figure out where solar heat gain is most
extreme and the best way to mitigate it.3
The
assessment is used to determine shadows
resulting from the project. Because the sun
rises in the east and travels across the southern
part of the sky to set in the west, a project's
earliest shadows would be cast almost directly
westward. Throughout the day, they would
shift clockwise (moving northwest, then north,
then northeast) until sunset, when they would
fall east.The graphic material depicts shadow
conditions during an instant in time. Because
shadows are in constant movement, there may
be cases when the graphic material is
not sufficient to clearly illustrate
how incremental shadows occur on a
site (Fig. 2 to Fig. 4).
Fig. 2 : Sun dial Fig. 3 : Use of sun dial at site level
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Fig. 4 : Sun path diagram for Pune, Maharashtra, India
Determining impact significance
The goal of the assessment is to determine
whether there are significant effects of
shadows on a site. Shadow impact occurs
when the shadows from a project falls on a site
element and reduces direct sunlight exposure.
Determining whether this impact is significant
or not depends on the extent and duration of
the shadow and the specific context in which
the impact occurs.
Performing the detailed analysis
Once the three-dimensional computer model
has been set up, shadow analyses should be
performed within the timeframe window of
analysis only for each of the representative
months of interest. The solar shadow is
generated with ecotect analysis (software),
with its shadow system, utilizing the longitude
and latitude of the area, along with the
particular date and times needed and then
together rendered a frame a minute for the full
daylight period. The models for the project
were based on the building design plans. Full
shadow analyses for the project were prepared
for four representative months as follows :
January, May, August and November.
Timeframe window of analysis
The shadow assessment considers those
shadows occurring between 3.0 hours after
sunrise and 1.5 hours before sunset.4
Shadows
occurring earlier and later are long, move fast.
At times outside the timeframe window of
analysis, the sun is located near the horizon
and the sun’s rays reach the earth at close to
tangential angles diminishing the amount of
energy delivered by the sun’s rays and
producing shadows that grow in length
exponentially until the sun reaches the horizon
and sets. Because of these conditions, the
shadows occur-ring between 3.0 hours after
sunrise and 1.5 hours before sunset are not
considered, and their assessment is not
required. For the assessment, standard not
daylight savings, time is used.
Design principle
For analyzing the survey findings, it should be
compare with the design principles.The design
principles states that, to have better living
conditions.
Any place during the winter season should be
exposed to sun to gain heat. During summer
the buildings should be in shade to provide
protection from excess heat.
The analysis will be derived from the
comparison of survey findings with the design
principles.
Wind
The goal of study is to understand the prevailing
wind patterns of project sitecan be useful when it
comes to designing ways to take advantage of
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natural ventilation or to screen occupants from
uncomfortable windy conditions. The wind in
Pune is beaufort no. 3 which is known for
gentle breeze5,6
(i.e. hair disturbed and clothing
flaps). In this land condition is wind extending
flags (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5 : Wind rose
Performing the detailed analysis
Once the three-dimensional computer model
has been set up, wind analysis should be
performed within the timeframe window of
analysis only for each of the representative
months of interest.The wind survey is
generated with Autodesk Vasari Beta 2
(Software), with its wind tunnel analysis
system, utilizing the longitude and latitude of
the area, along with the particular month and
time needed. The models for the project were
based on the building design plans (Fig. 6).
Full analysis for the project was prepared for
four representative months, for morning and
evening time as follows : 1) January 2) May
3) August 4) November.
Fig. 6 : Airflow around objects
Wind
speed
(m/s)
Pune
Feb-07
Mar-07
Apr-07
0
45
90
135
180
225
270
315
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
8
6
4
2
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Design principle
After the survey is conducted on case study
area, the survey findings need to be
analyzed. For analyzing the survey findings,
it should be compare with the design
principles.Which states that, to have better
living conditions. During summer season
free wind movement is expected, to relief
from heat and for achieving better
comfortable living condition. During winter
season on contrary wind movement is
restricted, to protect from harsh cold and dry
wind roses.
Sun and wind
The technique helps to determine micro-climate
on a site, using the weightings for climatic
elements by climate and season.7
Determine
shadow patterns using sun-dial and site model to
plot the shaded areas of the site for the time
periods and critical months of the seasons, under
consideration. Determine wind flow patterns for
the site with summer and winter directions.
Convert the site shadow and wind pattern
drawing to grid-cell system. Give each climatic
condition a different graphic representation and
analysis in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 : Analysis procedure
Few principles need to be ignored
Air movement is driven by density. Cool air
flows downhill because it is denser than warm
air. At night, a cool layer forms near the
ground, setting into low areas and depressions
and behind anything that will form a “dam.”
Convex, higher elevation land forms shed cool
air, while low elevation, concave forms collect
it. Temperature varies with elevation. Solar
radiation varies with terrain aspect. Larger
water bodies moderate the daily and annual
temperature range. High mountains create wet
windward slopes, while low hills create wet
leeward slopes.
Case study area : Blue Ridge, Pune
Blue Ridge is located in Hinjewadi.8-13
The
total site area is 138 acre. The apartments have
range of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 BHK apartments and
duplexes set in 25-storey high towers. There
are total 31 buildings of apartments. Phase-I
have six buildings with height of 30.0 m. while
Phase-II have three buildings with height of
35.0 m and 39.0 m. The multiplex and mall is
in one building and height of building is 24.0
m. The school is an international school with
height of 18.0 m. It has the 9-hole golf course.
The river side is developed as an entertainment
zone. It contain garden, play area, restaurant,
etc. (Fig. 8 and Fig. 9)
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Solar survey analysis
The solar analysis involves comparison of the
survey finding and design principles, to under-
stand the design implication on solar pattern. The
Project involves the construction of 31 buildings
in height 90.5 m above ground level (Fig. 10).
Fig. 8 : Site plan showing height development
Fig. 9 : Blue ridge solar shading plan
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The result of survey conveys that the
orientation of apartment T9 to T17 buildings
is N-S and NE-SW (90o
, 145o
and 175o
respectively to North), building height is
90.5 m. Therefore the road side i.e. NE side,
which is a paved area, will be in shade
throughout the year. While the other side
i.e. SW side, will be exposed to heat of sun
throughout the year. Due to this situation one
side (SW side) of building will always get
sunlight, but the other side (NE side) won’t get
direct sunlight. It is observed that the present
layout of these buildings contradicts the design
principles. The result of survey conveys that
the orientation of IT buildings is NW-SE (70
deg to North), building height is 30.0 m. and
spacing between the building is 14.5 m.
Therefore, the spaces between the IT buildings
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are mostly in shade. This means that due to
mutual shading, these spaces between
buildings are in shade. But this are IT
buildings, which are always air-conditioned
and with artificial lighting. So the shade of sun
is not a problem for IT buildings.
Fig. 10 : Blue ridge solar shading- elevation and rear elevation
The result of survey conveys that the
orientation of studio apartment buildings is
NW-SE (70o
to North), building height is 90.7
m. and spacing between the buildings is 19.0
m. Therefore, the spaces between the studio
apartment buildings are in shade in the month
of January and November, while they are
exposed to sun in May and August. This means
that the studio apartment buildings will be in
shade during winter season and exposed to
heat of sun during summer season. It is
observed that, the present layout of studio
apartment buildings contradicts the design
principles.
The result of survey conveys that the
orientation of apartment T18 to T23 buildings
is NW-NE (70 deg to North), building height is
90.5 m. and spacing between the buildings is
28.0 m. Therefore, the spaces between
apartment T18 to T23 buildings are in shade in
the month of May and August, while they are
exposed to sun for little time in January and
November. This means that the spaces between
T18 to T23 buildings will be in shade during
summer season and exposed to heat of sun
during winter season. It is observed that, the
present layout of these buildings complies with
the design principles.
The result of survey conveys that the
orientation of apartment T18 to T23 buildings
is NW-NE (70 deg to North), building height is
90.5 m. and spacing between the buildings is
28.0 m. Therefore, the spaces behind i.e. NW
side, of apartment T18 to T23 buildings are in
shade in the month of January and November
while they are exposed to sun for little time in
May and August. This means that the spaces
behind apartment buildings will be in shade
during winter season, but partially exposed to
heat of sun during summer season. It is
observed that, the present layout of these
buildings fulfill the some design principles.
The result of survey conveys that the south
side of studio apartment building will always
exposed to heat of sun. But South side of
studio apartment buildings is protected with
the vegetation. This means that the spaces over
here will be protected till the vegetation height.
The result of survey conveys that river side
spaces will always exposed to heat of sun. But
this side is well protected with the help of
vegetation (Fig. 11 and Fig. 12).
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Fig. 11 : Wind survey
Fig. 12 : Blue ridge wind shading plan
Wind survey analysis
The wind survey analysis involves comparison
of the survey finding and design principles, to
understand the design implication on wind
rose. The wind survey analysis results are as
following
Following areas will always face wind shadow,
so these areas won’t get air. The result of
survey conveys that the orientation of IT
building, studio apartment buildings,
apartment T3 to T6 buildings, apartment T18
to T23 buildings is 70o
., 70o
., 160o
., 90o
. to
North, building height is 30.0 m., 90.7 m., 90.5
m., 90.5 m. respectively and spacing between
the buildings is 14.5 m., 19.0 m., 40.0 m., 28.0
m. respectively. Therefore, the spaces over
here are facing wind shadow throughout the
year. It is observed that, the present layout of
buildings contradicts the design principles
(Table 5).
The result of survey conveys that the
orientation of apartment T9 to T11 buildings is
90 deg to North, building height is 90.5 m. and
spacing between buildings is 3.0 m. Therefore,
the spaces from road side i.e. North side are
facing wind shadow in the month of January
(morning), August (morning-evening),
November (morning). This means that, the one
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side of buildings i.e. North side will be in
shade during rainy season and winter season,
while free wind movement is expected in
summer season. While the other side of
buildings i.e. South side will be in free wind
movement during rainy season and winter
season, while in wind shade during summer
season. It is observed that, the present layout
of buildings contradicts the design principles.
(Table 6) While few areas like river side and
few area of golf course won’t face high
pressure or low pressure throughout the year.
Table 5 : Blue ridge- wind shadow
S/N Area Time period
Building
(ht. meter)
Spacing
between
building
(meter)
1 Area between IT buildings Throughout the year 30.0 14.5
2
Areas between studio
apartment
Throughout the year 90.7 19.0
3
Area between apartment T3
to T6
Throughout the year 90.5 40.0
4
Area between apartment T18
to T23
Throughout the year 90.5 28.0
5
Few area from road side area
of apartment T9 to T11
Jan morn, Aug morn-
eve, Nov morn
90.5 -
6
Areas between studio
apartment and IT buildings
i.e. road
Jan eve, May morn-eve,
Aug morn-eve, Nov
morn-eve
90.7 and
30.0
-
Table 6 : Blue ridge- high pressure wind area
High pressure areas will be created in
S/N Space Month
Building
(ht.meter)
Spacing
between
building
(meter)
1 Theme square
Jan morn-eve, Aug morn-eve, Nov
morn-eve
- -
2
Area
between
T2 & T3 Jan eve, Aug morn-eve, Nov morn-eve
90.5
40.0
3 T6 & T7
Jan eve, May morn-eve, Aug morn-eve,
Nov morn-eve
54.0
4 T8 & T9 Jan morn, May morn-eve 79.0
5 T11 & T12 Jan morn, Aug morn-eve, Nov morn 66.0
6 T14 & T15 Jan eve, Aug morn-eve, Nov morn-eve 59.0
7 T17 & T18
Jan eve, May morn-eve, Aug morn-eve,
Nov morn-eve
61.0
The result of survey analysis (solar survey and
wind survey) conveys that the orientation of
studio apartment buildings is NW-SE (70o
to
North), building height is 90.7 m. and spacing
between the buildings is 19.0 m. Therefore, the
buildings are exposed to heat of sun and
shadow of wind, throughout the year (Fig. 13).
While it creates high pressure zone of
wind for some period of time. The result of
survey analysis (solar survey and wind survey)
conveys. The orientation of apartment T18 to
T23 buildings is NW-NE (70 deg to North),
building height is 90.5 m. and spacing between
the buildings is 28.0 m. Therefore, the
buildings are in partial solar shadow in
summer season and wind shadow throughout
the year. It is observed that, the present layout
of buildings fulfills some design principles.
11. J. Environ. Res. Develop.
Journal of Environmental Research And Development Vol. 8 No. 3A, January-March 2014
826
The orientation of apartment T9 to T17
buildings N-S and NE-SW (90o
, 145o
and
175o
respectively to North), building height
is 90.5 m. and spacing between the buildings
is 3.0 m. and 60.0 m. Therefore, the
buildings are in solar shadow throughout the
year and partial wind shadow. The present
layout of buildings contradicts the design
principles. The orientation of apartment T1
to T6 buildings 160o
to North, building
height is 90.5 m. and spacing between the
buildings is 40.0 m. Therefore, the buildings
are exposed to heat of sun and wind shadow
throughout the year. While it creates of high
pressure zone of wind for some period of
time. It is observed that, the present layout
of buildings contradicts the design
principles.
Fig. 13 : Blue ridge : Wind, solar and overlap of wind and solar shading plan
CONCLUSION
Site layout has a big impact on daylight,
sunlight and ventilation of buildings and the
spaces around them. The main objective of this
study is to understand environmental aspects
for housing in urban planning to ensure good
access to solar gain, daylight and ventilation.
Its aim is to enable to produce comfortable,
energy-efficient building surrounded by
pleasant outdoor spaces, within an urban
context that minimizes energy consumption
through orientation of building.In urban
planning this is the important factor affecting
the sunlight, solar heat and ventilation due to
wind. When planning a new development, its
impact on existing buildings nearby should be
considered.
The role that can be played by orientation of
building in the efforts to achieve development,
without causing lasting environmental damage
is the theme of this project. This project will
concentrate on the practical steps that can be
taken to achieve a more eco environment and
in particular, it will outline those concepts
useful in the process of urban design. One
aspect of airflow and its link with urban form
12. J. Environ. Res. Develop.
Journal of Environmental Research And Development Vol. 8 No. 3A, January-March 2014
827
is the way in which built form can be used to
reduce the heat loss caused by wind blowing
against building.
Analysis of the simulation results confirms the
current understanding that an environment
sensitive layout has a distinct influence on
thermal comfort in open spaces (as well as
indoors). Street orientation and spacing
between buildings were found to be important
factors influencing temperature and urban
microclimatic changes.
Corridors following the prevailing wind
direction would support ventilation at a local
scale (not noticeably affecting adjacent
streets). Even when wind speeds are low, a
cooling effect would increase thermal comfort
in open spaces.
Proper orientation and use of non-conventional
energy can reduce environmental impacts on
building. Good urban planning will also
provide an attractive exterior environment,
Pleasantly sunlight, cool and shaded in summer.
In general, exploration of and improvement to,
climate comfort can effectively increase the
urban quality of life in light of future climate
conditions. Conducting urban climate simulation
studies in collaboration with urban planners and
architects to test effects of block layout
alternatives, would improve climate sensitive
block design.
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