The document discusses the environment and its various components. It defines the natural environment as consisting of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It then discusses various natural resources like water and air that are essential for survival. It describes ecosystems as interactions between living and non-living components. It also discusses different types of pollution like air, water, soil, noise pollution and their causes and prevention methods. Overall, the document provides an overview of the environment and its protection.

1. environment

2. ENVIRONMENT
• The place, people, things and nature that surround any
living organism is called environment.
• It is combination of natural and human-made phenomena.
• While the natural environment refers to both biotic and
abiotic conditions existing on the earth, human environment
reveals the activities, creations and interactions among
human beings.

4. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
• Natural environment consists of four spheres:-
1. Lithosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Atmosphere
4. Biosphere

5. WATER
• Water is the most wonderful
gift from nature.
• Water is known as the first
type or primary resources.
• Water is required for the
survival of all living beings.

6. AIR
• Air is an important
inexhaustible natural resource.
• It is essential for the survival
of human beings and also for
microbes, plants and animals
existing on the earth.
• Air is a mixture of various
gases in different proportions.

7. ECOSYSTEM
• All organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms and human
beings as well as the physical surroundings interact with each
other and maintain a balance in nature.
• All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-
living constituents of the environment of the environment form an
ecosystem.
• Thus, an ecosystem consists of biotic components comprising
physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals.

8. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
• Environmental pollution is defined as any undesirable change in
physical, chemical and biological characteristics of air, land and
water. Pollution can be natural as well as man-made.
• The four major types of pollution are:-
1. Air pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Soil pollution
4. Noise pollution

9. AIR POLLUTION
• Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of
chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm
or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damage the
environment .
• Examples of air pollution :
1. Smog
2. Acid rain
3. Indoor air pollution
4. Dust particle

10. PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION
1. We should share vehicles for going
to office.
2. We should get a regular pollution
check of our vehicle.
3. We should use a bicycle for going
to near by places.
4. Chimneys of factories should be
fitted with proper filters to prevent
smokes from coming out and
effect atmosphere.

11. WATER POLLUTION
• Water pollution is the introduction into fresh or ocean
waters of chemical, physical, or biological material that
degrades the quality of the water and affects the organisms
living in it.
• Examples of Water pollution :
1. Industrial affluents
2. Mining and Agricultural Waste
3. Sewage Disposal and Domestic Wastes

12. PREVENTION OF WATER
POLLUTION
1. Factories should not throw
there waste in water bodies
2. People should not bath and
wash clothes in rivers or
lakes.
3. People should not take
there animals to take bath
in rivers or lakes.

13. NOISE POLLUTION
• Noise pollution is unwanted
human-created sound that disrupts
the environment. The dominant
form of noise pollution is from
transportation sources, principally
motor vehicles, referred to as
environmental noise.
• Examples of Noise Pollution:
1. Loudspeakers
2. Aircrafts

14. PREVENTION OF NOISE POLLUTION
1. We should not use loud
speakers.
2. Factories should be
made out of the city.
3. There should be not
more noise making
vehicles on the roads.

15. LAND POLLUTION
• Land pollution is the degradation
of the Earth's land surface through
misuse of the soil by poor
agricultural practices, mineral
exploitation, industrial waste
dumping, and indiscriminate
disposal of urban wastes .
• Examples of Land pollution :
1. Soil Pollution
2. Waste Disposal

16. PREVENTION OF LAND POLLUTION
1. People should not cut trees for
making furniture.
2. People should not throw garbage
on land.
3. Plastic bags should be avoided
for prevention of land pollution.
4. Industries should not throw
there waste on land.

17. • SOME EFFECTS OF
• Help!! Ozone layer DEFORESTATON ON
is being destroyed ENVIRONMENT
• The ozone layer on the earth’s
• Soil erosion
atmosphere acts like a protective
• Land slides
umbrella. It blocks harmful rays
of the sun and protects living • Land degradation
things on the earth, it protects • Flooding
from asteroids and meteoroids • Destroys vulnerable spices of plants
which fall on the earth surface. and animals
• Reduces levels of underground water
tables
• Affects the water table

18. SAVE ENVIRONMENT
• We can make some promises to save the
environment:-
1. I promise to take a five minute shower
not a bath.
2. I promise to put a water saving device
in my toilet cistern
3. I promise to turn the tap off when I
brush my teeth.
4. I promise to use rechargeable batteries.
5. I promise to use a 'bag for life' when I
go shopping instead of plastic carriers.

19. SAVE ENVIRONMENT
5. I promise to air my washing in public - not in the tumble
dryer.
6. I promise to boil only the water I need, rather than filling
the kettle every time.
7. I promise to share my car journeys to work with a
colleague, cycle or replace car.
8. I promise to journeys with public transport at least once
a week.
9. I promise to use a climate payback scheme to reduce the
impact of my air travel.
10. I promise to organise or volunteer for an environmental
project in my local community.
11. I promise that one day we will make a pollution free
environment.