The document discusses various types of environmental pollution, their sources, and their harmful effects on human health and the environment. It outlines regulations and acts aimed at preventing and controlling pollution, including the Environment Protection Act and other relevant laws. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of water conservation and management due to the scarcity of freshwater resources.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Prepared By:- RAJEEV SAHAI
B.Sc, M. PHARM (PHARMACOLOGY)

2. POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENT
DEFINITION
 Undesirable elements in environment that can affect
life and property adversely
SOURCE
 Naturally occurring and Fabricate
TYPES
 Air, Water, Soil, Noise, Radioactive
EXAMPLES
 Various Pollutants

3. POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENT
 Suspended particulate: Chokes lung, carrier for several other
pollutant
 SO2 : Irritant, aggravates heart & lung disease, supports
Cancer
 Nox : Morphological changes in lung, irritant
 CO : Generates CO-Hb impairing release of oxygen from Hb
 Benzene: Damages bone marrow, may cause cancer,
Anemia/leukemia, affects peripheral nerves/spinal chord
 PAHs : Responsible for tumor, destroys genetic cells of DNA
 Ozone : reduces immune system, aggravated pulmonary
diseases

4. POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENT
 Lead : Brain, kidney and reproductive system, convulsions in later
life
 Barium : Muscular and Cardiovascular disorder, kidney damage
 Chromium : Skin disorder, liver damage, known to be carcinogenic
 Mercury : Heart, brain, CNS, kidney
 Copper : Toxic to aquatic life and microorganisms
 Nickel/cobalt : Carcinogenic
 Cadmium : Kidney, flu like disorder, high BP, sterility among males
 Silver: Darkening of the skin and eyes
 Solvents : Mostly Carcinogenic
 Cyanide : Highly toxic
 Pesticides : Mostly carcinogenic

5. POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENT
Why is it essential to minimize pollutants:
 Pollutants have long lasting effects on human body
 Difficult to separate once mixed with environment
 Raw materials depleting fast
 Huge loss to economy
Thus there is need of Environment management: By
enforcement or incentives

6. POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENT ACT &
RULES (GENERAL)
 1986 - The Environment (Protection) Act
 1986 - The Environment (Protection) Rules
 1989 - The objective of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules
 1989 - The Manufacture, Storage, and Import of Hazardous Rules
 1989 - The Manufacture, Use, Import, Export, and Storage of hazardous Micro-
organisms/ Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells Rules
 1991 - The Public Liability Insurance Act and Rules and Amendment, 1992
 1995 - The National Environmental Tribunal Act
 1997 - The National Environment Appellate Authority Act
 1998 - The Biomedical waste (Management and Handling) Rules
 1999 - The Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects) Rules, 1999
 2000 - The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules
 2000 -The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control)
2001 - The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001
 2002 - The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) (Amendment)
 2002 - The Biological Diversity Act

7. POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENT ACT &
RULES (WATER & AIR)
 1882 - The Easement Act
 1897 - The Indian Fisheries Act
 1956 - The River Boards Act
 1970 - The Merchant Shipping Act
 1974 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
 1977 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act
 1978 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules
 1991 - The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification
 1948 – The Factories Act and Amendment in 1987
 1981 - The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
 1982 - The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules
 1982 - The Atomic Energy Act
 1987 - The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Act
 1988 - The Motor Vehicles Act

8. An Act to provide for the protection and improvement of environment and for matters
connected therewith
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June,
1972
Protection and improvement of environment and the prevention of hazards to human
beings, other living creatures, plants and property

9. CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1.SHORT TITLE, EXTEND AND COMMENCEMENT
2.DEFINITIONS
CHAPTER II
GENERAL POWERS OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
1.POWER OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO TAKE MEASURES TO PROTECT AND IMPROVE
ENVIRONMENT
 purpose of protecting and improving the quality of the environment and preventing
controlling and abating environmental pollution
 measures may include:
 co-ordination of actions by the State Governments
 planning and execution of a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control and
abatement of environmental pollution
 laying down standards for the quality of environment
 laying down standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants
 restriction of areas in which any industries subject to certain safeguards
 laying down procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents which may cause
and remedial measures
 Handling of hazardous substances
 examination of such manufacturing processes, materials and substances likely to cause
environmental pollution

10.  carrying out and sponsoring investigations and research relating to problems...
 inspection of any premises, plant, equipment necessary to take steps for the
prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution
 collection and dissemination of information
 preparation of manuals, codes or guides relating to the prevention, control and
abatement.
2. APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS AND THEIR POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
 the Central Government may appoint officers and may entrust to them such of the
powers and functions
3. POWER TO GIVE DIRECTIONS
 issue directions in writing to any person, officer or any authority and such person,
officer or authority shall be bound to comply with such directions:
 closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, operation or process
 stoppage or regulation of the supply of electricity or water or any other facility
4. RULES TO REGULATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 Central Government make rules of the following matters:
o the standards of quality of air, water or soil for various areas and purposes
o the maximum allowable limits of concentration
o procedures and safeguards
o prohibition and restrictions

11. CHAPTER III
1. PERSONS CARRYING ON INDUSTRY OPERATION, ETC., NOT TO ALLOW
EMISSION OR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS IN EXCESS OF
THE STANDARDS
2. PERSONS HANDLING HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES TO COMPLY WITH
PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS
3. FURNISHING OF INFORMATION TO AUTHORITIES AND AGENCIES IN CERTAIN
CASES
 Where the discharge of any environmental pollutant in excess of the
prescribed standards occurs or is apprehended to occur due to the person in
charge of the place
o Shall intimate the fact of such occurrence
o be bound, if called upon, to render all assistance
o Expenses incurred with respect to the remedial measures recovered from the
person concerned
4. POWERS OF ENTRY AND INSPECTION
 Any person empowered by the Central Government have a right to enter, at all
reasonable times with such assistance as he considers necessary, any place
 For the purpose of performing any of the functions, determining, examining
and testing

12.  Person in charge of the place shall be bound to render all assistance to the
person empowered by the Central Government for carrying out the functions
and if he fails to do so without any reasonable cause or excuse, he shall be
guilty of an offence under this Act.
 Wilfully delays or obstructs any persons. he shall be guilty of an offence
 any search or seizures under this section apply to any search or seizure made
under the authority of a warrant issued under section 94 of Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973 or any corresponding law in force in that State
5. POWER TO TAKE SAMPLE AND PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN
CONNECTION THEREWITH
 For the purpose of analysis, samples of air, water, soil or other substance
from any factory, premises
 The result of any analysis of a sample taken shall not be admissible in
evidence in any legal proceeding unless
a) serve on the occupier or his agent a notice, then and there
b) presence of the occupier during collection of sample
c) Sample’s container shall be marked and sealed and signed both by the
persons
 If the occupier refuses to either sign or willfully absents himself after
being served the notice, then too collect, sealed, send to lab without
delay

13. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORIES
By notification in the Official Gazette, make rules specifying
 Establishment
 Recognize
 Functions
 Procedure for the submission of the samples for testing, form, fee
7. GOVERNMENT ANALYSTS
8. REPORTS OF GOVERNMENT ANALYSTS
 Any document purporting to be a report signed by a Government analyst may
be used as evidence of the facts.. in any proceeding..
9. PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT AND THE
RULES, ORDERS AND DIRECTIONS
 imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years with fine which may
extend to one lakh rupees, or with both,
 in case the failure or contravention continues, there is additional fine which
may extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which such failure
or contravention continues after the conviction for the first such failure or
contravention,
 continues beyond a period of one year after the date of
conviction...imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years.

14. 10. OFFENCES BY COMPANIES
 Person directly in charge of company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the
offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
 if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he
exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.
 it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or
connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part

15. CHAPTER IV
MISCELLANEOUS
1. PROTECTION OF ACTION TAKEN IN GOOD FAITH
 No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Government officer or
such authority in respect of anything which is done or intended to be done in good faith in
pursuance of this Act.
2. COGNIZANCE OF OFFENCES
No court shall take cognizance of any offence under this Act except on a complaint made by-
 Any authority or officer
 Any person who has given notice of not less than sixty days, in the manner prescribed, of the
alleged offence to the Central Government or the authority or officer authorised as
aforesaid.
3. INFORMATION, REPORTS OR RETURNS
4. MEMBERS, OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES OF THE AUTHORITY CONSTITUTED UNDER SECTION
3 TO BE PUBLIC SERVANTS
 shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Penal
Code (45 of 1860)
5. BAR OF JURISDICTION
 No civil court shall have jurisdiction to entertain any suit or proceeding in respect of
anything done, action taken or order or direction issued by the Central Government or any
other authority or officer in pursuance of any power conferred by or in relation to its or his
functions under this Act.
6. POWERS TO DELEGATE
7. EFFECT OF OTHER LAWS
8. POWER TO MAKE RULES

16. 9. RULES MADE UNDER THIS ACT TO BE LAID BEFORE PARLIAMENT
 Every rule made under this Act shall be laid, as soon as it is made, before
each House of Parliament, while it is in session, before the expiry of the
session That both Houses agree in
 Making any modification in the rule
 The rule should not be made
 Effective only in such modified form
 Shall be of no effect.

17. Notifications under EPA
o Restriction of certain activities on Antop Hills, Dahanu, Murad-Janjira, Doon
Valley, Mahabaleshwar Panchgani, Kaziranga, Aravali Hills, Matheran (draft).
o Prohibiting handling azodyes & benzidine based dyes
o Prohibiting Open burning of waste oil
o Formation of CGWB & Aquaculture Authority
o Environmental Impact Assessment 1994
o Public Hearing for EIA projects 1997
o Taj Trapezium Zone Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority
o Laboratories permitted to use pathogens or GM organisms in 2000
o Exemption for certain power projects from MoEF clearance 1997
o Exemption of EIA for pipeline, EPH compulsory in each district for P/L &
highway, raising investment ceiling for EIA in certain cases, exemption from
MoEF clearance for certain irrigation project etc. in June 2002

18. o EC for new construction/ industrial projects Aug 2004
o Relaxation from EC for widening of irrigation canals in
May 2003
o Public Liability Insurance Act 1991
o National Environmental Tribunal Act 1995
o National Environment Appellate Authority Act 1997
o Biodiversity Act 2002
o Forest Conservation Rules 2003
o Wildlife Protection Act 2002

19.  Water is an essential thing for life, without which life is impossible.
 Minimum water requirement estimates and daily utility per day-------

20. Author Estimat
e
(l/c/d)
Basis of estimate
WHO / UNCEF (2000) 20 Basic domestic health and hygiene needs
Gleick (1996) 50 Basic domestic health and hygiene needs
Howard and Batram
(2003)
100 All domestic health and hygiene needs
Shuval (1992) 342 Non-agricultural requirements plus water for
essential fresh food production
Falkenmark (1986) 1,369 Requirement to run a modern society
World Water Assessment
Programme (2003)
4,654 Drinking water for active and healthy human life

21.  Water covers 71% of the Earth's area, making it one of the most abundant natural
resources by volume.
 However, over 97% of the Earth's water can be found in the oceans.
 Ocean water is brackish, meaning it contains many minerals such as salt and is
hence known as “saltwater”.
 A mere 2.78% of the world's water exists as freshwater, which can be used by
humans, animals, and for agriculture.
 Freshwater is often in high demand as a water resource for human and animal
consumption, industrial operations and as irrigation for agriculture.
 The abundance of saltwater versus the scarcity of freshwater is a global water
resource problem that humans are working to solve.
 Thus, arises the need to preserve and maintain the goodness of this water.
SOURCES OF FRESHWATER
 Three-quarters of freshwater can be found in ice and glaciers, rivers, freshwater
lakes viz. North America's Great Lakes, and
 In Earth's atmosphere as water vapour.
 The rest of Earth's freshwater can be found deep inside the ground in aquifers.
 All of Earth's water circulates in various forms depending on its place within the
hydrologic cycle.

22. SOLUTION
 Efforts by private agencies to deposit and store excess groundwater during
wetter times allowed for distribution to farmers during the drought years.
 This type of water lending program, known as a drought bank, brought much
needed relief to concerned farmers.
 Another solution for water resource shortages is desalination, which turns
saltwater into freshwater.
 Additionally, reverse osmosis can be used to create freshwater.
 One of the most effective methods to manage existing water supplies
is conservation.
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
There had been various agreements in this regard
 Water Resources and Conservation Management
 Sea Water quality and Pollution
 Marine resources conservation and management
 Fishing management and the use of harvestable fish

23. WATER (PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT,
1974
 An Act to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and
the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water,
 for the establishment of Boards for the prevention and control of water
pollution,
 conferring on and assigning to such Boards Powers and functions relating
to it.

24. CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
CHAPTER II
THE CENTRAL & STATE BOARDS FOR PREVENTION & CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION
CHAPTER III
JOINT BOARDS
CHAPTER IV
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF BOARDS

25. CHAPTER V
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION
1. POWER OF STATE GOVERNMENT TO RESTRICT THE APPLICATION OF THE ACT TO
CERTAIN AREAS
 Government may be declared therein as water pollution, prevention and control areas
shall apply only to such area or areas.
 Each water pollution, prevention and control area may be declared either by reference
to a map or by reference to the line of any watershed or the boundary of any district or
partly by one method and partly by another.
2. POWER TO OBTAIN INFORMATION
 State Board make surveys of any area and gauge and keep records of the flow or volume
and other characteristics of an stream or well in such area, and may take steps for the
measurement and recording of the rainfall in such area.
 May give directions to give such information
 May with a view to preventing or controlling pollution of water, give directions to person
in charge of any establishment to furnish to it information regarding the construction,
installation or operation of such establishment or of any disposal system

26. 3. POWER TO TAKE SAMPLES OF EFFLUENTS AND PROCEDURE TO BE
FOLLOWED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
 sample of any sewage or trade effluent
 the person in charge of is served with notice
 in the presence of the occupier or his agent, the sample is divided into two parts
and placed in two containers;
 which shall be marked and sealed and shall also be signed both by the person;
 one container to be send to:
 Laboratory established or recognised by the Central Board (union territory)
 laboratory established or recognised by the State Board (others)
 The other container to be send to the same laboratory but on request of the
occupier or his agent.
4. REPORTS OF RESULTS OF ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES TAKEN UNDER SECTION 21
 the concerned Board analyst shall analyse the sample and submit a report in the
prescribed form of the result in triplicate to the Board
 On receipt of the report, one copy of the report shall be sent to the occupier or
his agent, another copy shall be preserved for production before the court in case
any legal proceedings are taken against him and the other copy shall be kept by
the concerned Board.

27. 5. POWER OF ENTRY AND INSPECTION
6. PROHIBITION ON USE OF STREAM OR WELL FOR DISPOSAL OF POLLUTING MATTER,
ETC.
 No person shall knowingly cause or permit any poisonous, noxious or polluting matter to
enter (whether directly or indirectly) into any stream or well or sewer or on land;
 A person shall not be guilty of an offence under above section by reason only of having
done any of the following acts, namely;-
 Constructing, improving a maintaining in or across or on the bank or bed of any stream
 Depositing any materials on the bank or in the bed of any stream for the purpose of
reclaiming land or for supporting, repairing or protecting the bank or bed
 Putting into an stream any sand or gravel or other natural deposit
 causing or permitting, with the consent of the State Board, the deposit accumulated in
a well, pond or reservoir to enter into any stream.
7. RESTRICTIONS ON NEW OUTLETS AND NEW DISCHARGES
 Without consent of the State Board, made in form, containing particulars and
accompanied by the prescribed fees can an operation establish a disposal system or any
extension of it.
8. PROVISION REGARDING EXISTING DISCHARGE OF SEWAGE OR TRADE EFFLUENT
 If immediately before the commencement of this Act any person was discharging any
sewage or trade effluent into a stream or well or sewer or on land, then that has to
undergo modification and an application for consent is to be made.

28. 9. REFUSAL OR WITHDRAWAL OF CONSENT BY STATE BOARD
10. APPEALS
 Any person aggrieved by an order made by the State Board under Section 25, section 26
or section 27 ,may, within thirty days from the date on which the order is
communicated to him, prefer an appeal to such authority in a prescribed form and
manner and the fees payable for such appeal and the procedure.
 The appellate authority shall, after giving the appellant and the State Board an
opportunity of being heard, dispose of the appeal as expeditiously as possible.
11. REVISION
12. POWER OF STATE BOARD TO CARRY OUT CERTAIN WORKS
 To execute any work in connection therewith, the State Board may serve on the person
concerned a notice requiring him within such time (not being less than thirty days)
 If the person concerned fails to execute the work as required in the notice, then, after
the expiration of the time specified in the said notice, the State Board may itself
execute such work and the cost incurred be recovered by that Board from the person
concerned.
13. FURNISHING OF INFORMATION TO STATE BOARD AND OTHER AGENCIES IN CERTAIN
CASES
 If as a result of accident or other unforeseen act or event, any poisonous, noxious or
polluting matter is being discharged, or is likely to be discharged into a stream or well
or sewer or on land and as a result of such discharge, the water in any stream or well is
being polluted, or is likely to be polluted, then the person concerned shall forthwith
intimate the occurrence of such accident, act or event to the State Board, authorities
or agencies.

29. 14. EMERGENCY MEASURES IN CASE OF POLLUTION OF STREAM OR WELL
If Board is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient to take immediate action
regarding
 Removing that matter from the stream or well or on land and disposing it of in such
manner as the Board considers appropriate;
 Remedying or mitigating any pollution caused by its presence in the stream or well;
 Issuing orders immediately restraining or prohibiting the persons concerned from
discharging any poisonous, noxious or polluting matter into the steam or well or on
land or from making insanitary use of the stream or well.
15. POWER OF BOARD TO MAKE APPLICATION TO COURTS FOR RESTRAINING
APPREHENDED POLLUTION OF WATER IN STREAMS OF WELLS.
 The Board may make an application to a court, not inferior to that of a
Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class, for restraining
the person who is likely to cause such pollution from so causing.
 On receipt of an application, the court make such order as it deems fit, as:
 Restraining the person from polluting the water in any stream or well.
 Reauthorise the Board to undertake the removal and disposal of the matter, if the
person does comply.

30.  All expenses incurred by the Board in removing any matter in pursuance of the
authorisation under above clause in the disposal of any such matter, shall be
recoverable from the person concerned.
15(a). POWER TO GIVE DIRECTIONS
 subject to the provisions of this Act, and to any directions that the Central
Government, a Board may, in the exercise of its powers and performance of its
functions, issue any directions in writing to any person, officer or authority, and
such person, officer or authority shall be bound to comply with such directions.
This includes the power to direct:
 The closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, operation or process
 The stoppage or regulation of supply of electricity, water or any other service.

31. CHAPTER VI
FUNDS, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT
CHAPTER VII
PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE
 Imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or with fine which may
extend to ten thousand rupees or with both,
 In case the continued failure, an additional fine which may extend to five thousand
rupees per day during which such failure continues after the conviction for the first
such failure. imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year and six
months but which may extend to six years and with fine, and case the failure
continues, with an additional fine which may extend to five thousand rupees for
every day during which such failure continues after the conviction for the first such
failure.
 PENALTY FOR CERTAIN ACTS
o Destroys, pulls down, removes, injures or defaces any pillar, post or stake fixed in
the ground.
o Obstructs any person acting under the orders or directions of the Board.
o Damages any works or property belonging to the Board.
o Fails to furnish to any officer or other employees of the Board any information
required by him.

32.  imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or with fine which may
extend to ten thousand rupees or with both.
 PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF PROVISIONS OF SECTION 24
 imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than 18 months but which may
extend to six years and with fine.
 PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF SECTION 25 OR SECTION 26
 not be less than two years but which may extend to six years and with fine.
 ENHANCED PENALTY AFTER PREVIOUS CONVICTION
 PUBLICATION OF NAMES OF OFFENDERS
OFFENCES BY COMPANIES
 OFFENCES BY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
COGNIZANCE OF OFFENCES
 No court shall take cognizance of any offence under this Act except on a complaint
made by:
 a Board or any officer authorised in this behalf
 any person who has given notice of not less than sixty days, in the manner
prescribed, of the alleged offence and of his intention to make a complaint, to the
Board or officer authorized

33. The environment can be categorized into three:
 Lithosphere:
o Here the environment exists in solid form.
o Consists of the outermost shell of the earth.
o It is rigid and identified by the landscapes.
 Hydrosphere:
o It is in the liquid component of earth.
o It describes the combined mass of water found on, under and over the surface of
earth.

34.  Atmosphere:
o The layer of gases that surround the planet.
o It mostly contains nitrogen, also has oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Other than this it has traces of:
 Hydrogen
 Helium
 Noble gases
 Water vapour,
Average of 1%.
GAS PERCENTAGE
Nitrogen 78.08
Oxygen 20.95
Argon 0.93
Carbon dioxide 0.038

35. CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
 Vehicular discharge
 Industrial discharges:
Tall chimneys of industries and Thermal power stations pollute air at high levels. They
act as “carrier” of pollution to other distant regions.
 Wastes / Hazardous Wastes
 Excessive use of air conditioning systems
 Loss of vegetation
RESULT OF AIR POLLUTION
 Asthma, health hazards to children, animals, plants
 Imbalance in Biological Oxygen demand
 Imbalance in COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
 Various health problems
 Asthma, bronchial Tuberculosis, Cancer
 Air impurities-SPM (suspended particulate matter)
 Responsible for weather changes and temperature inversion.
 Green House effect
 Global warming
 Acid rain
 Corrosion and deterioration of metals, synthetic materials.

36. International perspective
Ozone layer depletion.
Ozone layer plays an important role in protecting live organism on the earth from
the sun’s harmful ultra violet (UV) radiation. The UV rays are absorbed by Ozone
molecules and are then converted into heat energy. The ozone layer thus acts as a
protective filter.

37. THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL
OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981
A United Nations Conference was held on the Human Environment in Stockholm in
June, 1972 in which India too participated.
In this, decisions were taken to take appropriate steps for the preservation of the
natural resources of the earth.
Thus, a bill was passed in the Parliament for the above consideration.
An Act to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution, for the
establishment, with a view to carrying out the aforesaid purposes, of Boards, for
conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto
and for matters connecting therewith.

38. CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
CHAPTER II
CENTRAL AND STATE BOARDS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
 Central Pollution Control Board
 State Pollution Control Boards constituted under section 4 of Act 6 of 1974 to
be State Boards under this Act
 Terms and conditions of service of members
 Constitution of State Boards
 Central Board to exercise the powers and perform the functions of a State
Board in the Union Territories
 Vacation of seats by members
CHAPTER III
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF BOARDS
Functions of Central Board
 To advise the Central Government on any matter concerning the improvement
of the quality of air and the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution.
 To plan and cause to be executed a nation -wide program for the prevention,
control or abatement of air pollution.
 To co-ordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve disputes among
them.

39.  To provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carry out and
sponsor investigations and research relating to problems of air pollution and
prevention, control or abatement of air pollution.
 To plan and organize the training of persons .
 To organize through mass media a comprehensive program.
 To lay down standards for the quality of air.
 To collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to air
pollution and the measures devised for its effective prevention, control.
Functions of State Boards
 To advise the State Government on any matter concerning the prevention, control
or abatement of air pollution.
 To inspect, at all reasonable times, any control equipment, industrial plant or
manufacturing process.
 To inspect air pollution control areas at such intervals as it may think necessary,
assess the quality of air therein.

40. CHAPTER IV
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
 Power to declare air pollution control areas.
 Power to give instructions for ensuring standards for emission from automobiles.
 Restrictions on use of certain industrial plants.
 Person carrying on industry, etc. not to allow emission of air pollutants in excess of
the standards laid down by State Board.
 Power of entry and inspection.
 Power to obtain information.
 Power to take samples of air or emission and procedure to be followed in
connection therewith.
 Reports of the result of analysis on samples taken under section 26.
 State Air Laboratory.
 Reports of analysts.

41. CHAPTER V
FUND, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT
CHAPTER VI
PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE
 A term which shall not be less than one year and six months, may extend to six years
and with fine,
 In case the failure continues, with an additional fine which may extend to five thousand
rupees for every day during which such failure continues after the conviction for the
first such failure.
 Beyond a period of one year imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than two
years, may extend to sever years and with fine.
 Offences by government departments.
 Protection of action taken in good faith.
CHAPTER VII
MISCELLANEOUS
 Power of State Government to supersede State Board.
 Dissolution of State Boards constituted under the Act.
 Maintenance of register.
 Power of Central Government to make rules.
 Power of State Government to make rules.