The Environment Protection Act was introduced in 1986 after the Bhopal gas tragedy. The Act provides for the protection and improvement of the environment by establishing authorities to regulate environmental pollution. It defines environment pollution and hazardous substances. The Act establishes Central and State Pollution Control Boards to regulate pollution. It empowers the Central Government to establish environmental laboratories and enforce standards and rules regarding pollution. Offences under the Act are punishable with fines and imprisonment, and special provisions are included to assign liability to companies and government departments for offences committed.

1. Environment Protection Act
1986
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RAVI KUMAR
M PHARMACY(PHARMACOLOGY)
G H G KHALSA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

2.  INTODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES
DEFINATIONS
SOURCES AND CAUSES FOR THEPOLLUTION
 STATE BOARD
CENTRAL BOARD
OFFICERS
 POWERS OF THE CENTRALGOVERNMENT
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3.  RULES TO REGULATE ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
 PREVENTION, CONTROL, AND ABATEMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORIES
 QUALIFICATIONS OF GOVERNMENT ANALYST
 FUNCTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORIES
 PENALTY
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4. An Act to provide for the protection and improvement of
environment and formatters connected therewith.
Whereas the decisions were taken at the United Nations Conference
on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June, 1972, in
which India participated, to take appropriate steps for the protection
and improvement of human environment.
The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 was introduced after the
Bhopal gas tragedy during Rajiv Gandhi was the Prime Minister of
our country.
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5.  To protect the forests and wildlife in the country.
 To improve the quality of life by protection of environment.
 To co-ordinate the activities of the various regulatory agencies
already in existence.
 To appoint environment officers to check environmental pollution.
 Establishing environmental laboratories.
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6.  Environment-
Environment it includes water, air and land and the
inter relationship which exists between water, air and land and
human being, other living creatures, plants, micro organisms and
property.
 Environment pollutant-
It means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance
present in such concentration as may be injurious to environment
pollutant.
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7.  Hazardous substance -
It means any substance or preparation which, by
reason of its chemical or physico-chemical properties or handling, is
liable to cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plant,
micro-organism, property or the environment.
 Environment pollution -
It means the presence of any environmental
pollutant in the environment. It includes all extraneous materials that
are harmful to human being ,animals and plants life.
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8. SOURCES AND CAUSES FOR THE
POLLUTION
• Combustion
• Construction
• Mining
• Agriculture
• Chemical plants
• Coal-fired power plants
• Oil refineries
• Petrochemical plants, Nuclear waste
• Large livestock farms (dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.)
• PVC factories
• Plastics factories and other heavy industry are
increasingly significant in the pollution equation.
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9. Chairman
Representative of the State Govt. (not exceeding five)
Representative of local bodies (not exceeding five)
Representative of companies or corporations owned, controlled or
managed by the State Govt. (two)
Representative have interests of agriculture, fishery or industry or
trade etc. (not exceeding three)
Member Secretary:
(Full time possessing qualifications, knowledge and experience of
scientific, engineering or management aspects of pollution
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control.)

10.  Chairman
Representative of the Central Govt. (not exceeding five)
Representative of State Govt. (not exceeding five)
Representative of companies or corporations owned, controlled or
managed by the Central Govt. (two)
Representative have interests of agriculture, fishery or industry or
trade etc. (not exceeding three)
Member Secretary
(Full time possessing qualifications, knowledge and experience of
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scientific, engineering or management aspects of pollution

11. Central Government may appoint officers with such designation
as it thinks fit for the purposes of this Act and may entrust to
them such of the powers and functions under this Act as it may
deem fit.
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12. 1. Laying down standards for the quality of environment in its
various aspects.
2. Planning and execution of a nation-wide programme for the
prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution.
3. Laying down standards for emission or discharge of environmental
pollutants from various sources.
4. Restriction of areas.
5. Laying down procedures and safeguards for the handling of
hazardous substances.
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13. 7. Examination of such manufacturing processes, materials and
substances which are likely to cause environmental pollution.
8. Inspection of any premises, plant, equipment, machinery,
manufacturing or other processes, materials or substances.
9. Establishment or recognition of environmental laboratories and
institutes.
10. Collection and dissemination of information in respect of matters
relating to environmental pollution.
11. Preparation of manuals or guides relating to the prevention, control
and abatement of environmental pollution.
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14. The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
make rules in respect of all or any of the matters referred to in
section 3.
a) The standards of quality of air, water or soil for various areas and
purposes.
b) The maximum allowable limits of concentration of various
environmental pollutants (including noise) for different areas.
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15. c) The procedures and safeguards for the handling of hazardous
substances.
d) The prohibition and restrictions on the handling of hazardous
substances in different areas.
e) The prohibition and restriction on the location of industries and the
carrying on process and operations in different areas.
f) The procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents which
may cause environmental pollution and for providing for remedial
measures for such accidents
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16.  Persons carrying on industry operation, etc., not to allow emission or
discharge of environmental pollutants in excess of the standards.
 Persons handling hazardous substances to comply with procedural
safeguards
 Furnishing of information to authorities and agencies in certain cases
 Powers of entry and inspection
 Power to take sample and procedure to be followed in connection
therewith
 Environmental laboratories 16

17.  Central Laboratory, Maharashtra Pollution Control Broad, CIDCO
Bhawan, 5thFloor, South Wing, Belapur -C.B.D. Navi Mumbai - 400
614.
 Central Laboratory, Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, Army &
Navy Building, Ground Floor, 148, M.G.Road, Fort, Mumbai - 400
023.
 Environmental Survey Laboratory, Nuclear Power Corporation,
Tarapur Atomic Power Station, P.O. TAPP. District Thane - 401 504
 Environmental Survey Laboratory, Health Physics Division, Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai - 400 085.
 Chemical Laboratory, Indian Beauro of Mines, Ore Dressing Division,
New Secretariat Building, Civil Lines, Nagpur - 440 001
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18. a) Graduate in science from a recognized university with five year’s
experience in a laboratory engaged in environmental investigations,
testing or analysis; or
b) Post-graduate in science or a graduate in engineering or a graduate in
medicine or equivalent with two year’s experience in a laboratory
engaged in environmental investigations, testing or analysis; or
c) Post-graduate in environmental science from a recognized university
with two year’s experience in a laboratory engaged in environmental
investigations, testing or analysis.
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19.  To evolve standardized methods for sampling and analysis of
various types of environmental pollutants.
 To analyze samples sent by the Central Government or the officers
empowered under sub-section (1) of section 11.
 To carry out such investigations as may be directed by the Central
Government to lay down standards for the quality of environment
and discharge of environmental pollutants, to monitor and to enforce
the standards laid down.
 To send periodical reports regarding its activities to the Central
Government.
 To carry out such other functions as may be entrusted to it by the
Central Government from time to time.
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20. a) Whoever fails to comply with or contravenes any of the provisions
of this Act, or the rules made or orders or directions issued
thereunder, shall, in respect of each such failure or contravention,
be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to
five years with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees, or with
both, and in case the failure or contravention continues, with
additional fine which may extend to five thousand rupees for every
day during which such failure or contravention continues after the
conviction for the first such failure or contravention.
b) If the failure or contravention referred to in sub-section (1)
continues beyond a period of one year after the date of conviction,
the offender shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term
which may extend to seven years.
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21. 2. Offences by companies
(1)Where any offence under this Act has been committed by a
company, every person who, at the time the offence was committed,
was directly in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for
the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company,
shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be
proceeded against and punished accordingly
(2)Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an
offence under this Act has been committed by a company and it is
proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or
connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any
director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such
director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also deemed to be
guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and
punished accordingly.
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22. 3. Offences by Government Departments
1)(1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by any
Department of Government, the Head of the Department shall be
deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded
against and punished accordingly.
2)(2) Notw ithstanding anything contai ned in sub-section (1), where an
offence under this Act has been committed by a Department of
Government and it is proved that the offence has been committed with
the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part
of, any officer, other than the Head of the Department, such officer shall
also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be
proceeded against and punished accordingly.
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