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Week 1 Readings and
Authors Lecture
Keiser University eCampus
ENL1000
Week 1 -
Camelot
Characters in
Camelot
In this genealogical chart, you can
see the relationships between the
characters.
Of particular interest to our studies
this week are Arthur; Guinevere;
Lancelot; and the brothers Gawain,
Aggravain, Gaheris, Gareth, and
Mordred.
Note the differences in spelling of
some of the characters.
Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight
Very little is known about the Gawain poet except that he is probably also the
author of the poems Pearl, Patience, and Purity.
This epic poem is about the adventures of Gawain, one of King Arthur’s nephews.
In the beginning of FIIT i, the reader is introduced to the origins of Britain after the
fall of Troy and the founding of Camelot.
Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight
The setting of FIIT i is King Arthur’s court during a
Christmastime celebration. The celebration is
interrupted by the unexpected arrival of the
Green Knight, who makes a strange challenge:
the Green Knight will allow someone to behead
him, but if the Green Knight survives, that person
must allow the Green Knight to behead him a
year and a day later.
Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight
At first, no one accepts the challenge, leaving
Arthur somewhat embarrassed. It’s only after
Arthur accepts the challenge himself that Gawain
steps in.
What does this say about Arthur? About Gawain?
The rest of the story (FIIT ii and beyond) is about
what happens to Gawain in the year and a day
after this incident.
Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight
Important notes on the poetic form:
Alliteration – There is a strong focus on alliteration in the poem. This is in keeping
with the strong oral tradition of storytelling. Here’s an example from the first two
lines of the poem:
Once the siege and assault of Troy had ceased,
with the city a smoke-heap of cinders and ash,
Take note of all the –s sounds in these lines!
Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight
Bob and wheel – You’ll note that although the stanzas vary in length, they all end
with a five-line pattern called a bob and wheel. The rhyme scheme is ababa as
marked below in the end of the second stanza:
and I’ll tell it as it’s told in the town where it trips from
the tongue; [a]
and as it has been inked [b]
in stories bold and strong, [a]
where loyal letters linked [b]
have lasted loud and long. [a]
Note the reference to alliteration: “loyal letters linked”
Sir Thomas Malory and Morte
Darthur
Sir Thomas Malory (c.a. 1405-1471): There is some discussion on which Thomas
Malory wrote and translated the Round Table stories. Most sources agree that he was a
criminal, a soldier, and, according to William Caxton (the English printer), "a
knight." Politically a fair weather supporter, Malory changed sides many times during
the War of the Roses. Malory moved though the countryside quite a bit and obviously
had some learning, as he was able to translate the romances of King Arthur and his
knights from the French into English. There were many well-known versions of the
story, probably due to their popularity with traveling troubadours, but they all followed
the courtly love tradition. This chivalrous ideal can be seen in the early relationship of
Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere in Morte Darthur, but when their relationship
becomes adulterous, it signals the beginning of trouble for Camelot.
Sir Thomas Malory and Morte
Darthur
Sir Thomas Malory (1405-1471) is believed to be the author of Morte Darthur.
In the sections you’re reading, “The Conspiracy Against Lancelot and Guinevere” and
“War Breaks Out Between Arthur and Lancelot,” you’ll read about the beginning of the
end of Arthur’s Camelot.
Important characters in Morte Darthur aside from Arthur, Guinevere, and Lancelot:
Sir Gawain, Sir Agravain, Sir Gareth, and Sir Gaheris – sons of Margawse (Arthur’s
sister) and her husband, Lot
Sir Mordred – son of Margawse and Arthur (yuck, right? That’s another story for
another day!)
Sir Bors – Lancelot’s nephew and trusted confidant
Sir Thomas Malory and
Morte Darthur
In “The Conspiracy Against Lancelot and Guinevere,” some of
the knights of the Round Table suspect Lancelot and Guinevere
of having an affair and want to reveal this to Arthur. Not all the
knights agree, however.
Arthur is informed of the treasonous affair, and a plan is put
into place to catch the lovers.
Sir Thomas Malory and
Morte Darthur
The trap works, and Lancelot is caught with Guinevere.
However, Lancelot escapes. He leaves Camelot for Joyous
Garde, his castle in England, pledging to return to rescue
Guinevere.
Sir Thomas Malory and Morte
Darthur
In “War Breaks Out Between Arthur and Lancelot,” Arthur plans to execute
Guinevere for her treachery. Arthur asks Gawain to take his brothers Gaheris and
Gareth and deliver Guineveve for execution.
Gawain declines and notes that although Gaheris and Gareth won’t want to, they
will obey the king if he orders them.
As promised, Lancelot returns to rescue Guinevere. Many knights are killed in the
rescue attempt, including Gaheris and Gareth. This is too much for Gawain, and he
vows revenge. This creates an unstoppable chain of events that eventually results
in the deaths of Gawain, Arthur, Mordred, and many others. Camelot eventually
crumbles, and Constantine is named king.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson and
“Guinevere”
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892) was the Poet
Laureate for much of Queen Victoria’s reign.
He was a popular poet in his lifetime and is
known for “The Charge of the Light Brigade” and
Idylls of the King, Tennyson’s description of the
legend of King Arthur. Idylls of the King is
comprised of 12 poems.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
and “Guinevere”
Tennyson’s version has some differences from Malory’s:
– Mordred alone is responsible for the downfall of Lancelot
and Guinevere.
– Instead of fleeing with Lancelot to Joyous Garde, Guinevere
goes to Almesbury, where she lives as a nun.
– Arthur (not Lancelot as in Malory’s version) finds Guinevere
in Almesbury and forgives her.
Modern Retellings and
References to Camelot
Interest in Camelot is alive and well, as you can see from this small sample of modern
works:
- Merlin, a 2008 television show from the BBC
- Cursed, a 2020 television series from Netflix
- Monty Python and the Holy Grail, a 1975 film
- The Sorcerer's Apprentice, a 2010 film
- The Kid Who Would be King, a 2019 film
- Quest for Camelot, Warner Brothers’ 1998 animated film
- The Sword in the Stone, Disney’s 1963 animated film

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ENL1000 Week 1 Readings and Authors Lecture

  • 1. Week 1 Readings and Authors Lecture Keiser University eCampus ENL1000
  • 3. Characters in Camelot In this genealogical chart, you can see the relationships between the characters. Of particular interest to our studies this week are Arthur; Guinevere; Lancelot; and the brothers Gawain, Aggravain, Gaheris, Gareth, and Mordred. Note the differences in spelling of some of the characters.
  • 4. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Very little is known about the Gawain poet except that he is probably also the author of the poems Pearl, Patience, and Purity. This epic poem is about the adventures of Gawain, one of King Arthur’s nephews. In the beginning of FIIT i, the reader is introduced to the origins of Britain after the fall of Troy and the founding of Camelot.
  • 5. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The setting of FIIT i is King Arthur’s court during a Christmastime celebration. The celebration is interrupted by the unexpected arrival of the Green Knight, who makes a strange challenge: the Green Knight will allow someone to behead him, but if the Green Knight survives, that person must allow the Green Knight to behead him a year and a day later.
  • 6. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight At first, no one accepts the challenge, leaving Arthur somewhat embarrassed. It’s only after Arthur accepts the challenge himself that Gawain steps in. What does this say about Arthur? About Gawain? The rest of the story (FIIT ii and beyond) is about what happens to Gawain in the year and a day after this incident.
  • 7. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Important notes on the poetic form: Alliteration – There is a strong focus on alliteration in the poem. This is in keeping with the strong oral tradition of storytelling. Here’s an example from the first two lines of the poem: Once the siege and assault of Troy had ceased, with the city a smoke-heap of cinders and ash, Take note of all the –s sounds in these lines!
  • 8. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Bob and wheel – You’ll note that although the stanzas vary in length, they all end with a five-line pattern called a bob and wheel. The rhyme scheme is ababa as marked below in the end of the second stanza: and I’ll tell it as it’s told in the town where it trips from the tongue; [a] and as it has been inked [b] in stories bold and strong, [a] where loyal letters linked [b] have lasted loud and long. [a] Note the reference to alliteration: “loyal letters linked”
  • 9. Sir Thomas Malory and Morte Darthur Sir Thomas Malory (c.a. 1405-1471): There is some discussion on which Thomas Malory wrote and translated the Round Table stories. Most sources agree that he was a criminal, a soldier, and, according to William Caxton (the English printer), "a knight." Politically a fair weather supporter, Malory changed sides many times during the War of the Roses. Malory moved though the countryside quite a bit and obviously had some learning, as he was able to translate the romances of King Arthur and his knights from the French into English. There were many well-known versions of the story, probably due to their popularity with traveling troubadours, but they all followed the courtly love tradition. This chivalrous ideal can be seen in the early relationship of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere in Morte Darthur, but when their relationship becomes adulterous, it signals the beginning of trouble for Camelot.
  • 10. Sir Thomas Malory and Morte Darthur Sir Thomas Malory (1405-1471) is believed to be the author of Morte Darthur. In the sections you’re reading, “The Conspiracy Against Lancelot and Guinevere” and “War Breaks Out Between Arthur and Lancelot,” you’ll read about the beginning of the end of Arthur’s Camelot. Important characters in Morte Darthur aside from Arthur, Guinevere, and Lancelot: Sir Gawain, Sir Agravain, Sir Gareth, and Sir Gaheris – sons of Margawse (Arthur’s sister) and her husband, Lot Sir Mordred – son of Margawse and Arthur (yuck, right? That’s another story for another day!) Sir Bors – Lancelot’s nephew and trusted confidant
  • 11. Sir Thomas Malory and Morte Darthur In “The Conspiracy Against Lancelot and Guinevere,” some of the knights of the Round Table suspect Lancelot and Guinevere of having an affair and want to reveal this to Arthur. Not all the knights agree, however. Arthur is informed of the treasonous affair, and a plan is put into place to catch the lovers.
  • 12. Sir Thomas Malory and Morte Darthur The trap works, and Lancelot is caught with Guinevere. However, Lancelot escapes. He leaves Camelot for Joyous Garde, his castle in England, pledging to return to rescue Guinevere.
  • 13. Sir Thomas Malory and Morte Darthur In “War Breaks Out Between Arthur and Lancelot,” Arthur plans to execute Guinevere for her treachery. Arthur asks Gawain to take his brothers Gaheris and Gareth and deliver Guineveve for execution. Gawain declines and notes that although Gaheris and Gareth won’t want to, they will obey the king if he orders them. As promised, Lancelot returns to rescue Guinevere. Many knights are killed in the rescue attempt, including Gaheris and Gareth. This is too much for Gawain, and he vows revenge. This creates an unstoppable chain of events that eventually results in the deaths of Gawain, Arthur, Mordred, and many others. Camelot eventually crumbles, and Constantine is named king.
  • 14. Alfred, Lord Tennyson and “Guinevere” Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892) was the Poet Laureate for much of Queen Victoria’s reign. He was a popular poet in his lifetime and is known for “The Charge of the Light Brigade” and Idylls of the King, Tennyson’s description of the legend of King Arthur. Idylls of the King is comprised of 12 poems.
  • 15. Alfred, Lord Tennyson and “Guinevere” Tennyson’s version has some differences from Malory’s: – Mordred alone is responsible for the downfall of Lancelot and Guinevere. – Instead of fleeing with Lancelot to Joyous Garde, Guinevere goes to Almesbury, where she lives as a nun. – Arthur (not Lancelot as in Malory’s version) finds Guinevere in Almesbury and forgives her.
  • 16. Modern Retellings and References to Camelot Interest in Camelot is alive and well, as you can see from this small sample of modern works: - Merlin, a 2008 television show from the BBC - Cursed, a 2020 television series from Netflix - Monty Python and the Holy Grail, a 1975 film - The Sorcerer's Apprentice, a 2010 film - The Kid Who Would be King, a 2019 film - Quest for Camelot, Warner Brothers’ 1998 animated film - The Sword in the Stone, Disney’s 1963 animated film