Outcome based education OBE is being carried out in university education in Myanmar. It involves assessments and evaluation practice to reflect certain specific outcomes. And there is also paradigm shift to learner centred learning in teaching learning situations. So in EFL classrooms in Myanmar, the effective use of interactive activities is essential for students being exposed to voluntary learning in a given time limit. To fulfil this gap, the author tried to ingest suitable interactive activities and structured activities in her lesson planning to save time and to meet expectations for the outcomes. The target students were 30 of fourth year students at Technological University Kyaukse . A case study using a carefully prepared lesson plan was done to find out effectiveness achieved. The results show that the involvement of students was raised up not only by the intrinsic nature of interactive activities but also by the assessment plans. So it is hoped that this paper would be able to point out that lesson planning ahead of time is necessarily needed so that adaptations and required activities can be made well and required assessment plans can be set as roadmaps for students and teachers alike. Thida Kyaw | San San Lwin "Enhancing an Effective EFL Classroom through Lesson Planning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26576.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/26576/enhancing-an-effective-efl-classroom-through-lesson-planning/thida-kyaw
Teachers' perspectives on their involvement in selecting learning experiences and implementing curriculum in Kenyan secondary schools was examined. The study found that while teachers play an important role in curriculum implementation, the centralized curriculum development process in Kenya means teachers are not adequately involved in curriculum development. As a result, teachers' expertise is underutilized and they have less ownership over the curriculum. The study recommends giving teachers a greater role in curriculum planning and development to improve implementation.
1. The document discusses methodology in teaching English as a foreign language and the importance of effective lesson planning. It argues that methodology provides tools to improve language teaching and addresses challenges like what and how to teach.
2. Effective lesson planning is also discussed as an important framework that helps teachers stay organized and achieve learning goals. Lesson plans should consider student characteristics and allow flexibility for adjustments.
3. While resources exist to help teachers, results have not always matched expectations. The document emphasizes that teachers must select appropriate methods based on student abilities and apply methodology correctly to create functional language users.
1. The document discusses the importance of methodology in teaching foreign languages and the role of effective lesson planning. It argues that methodology provides tools to improve teaching and addresses challenges like what/how to teach.
2. Effective lesson planning is also discussed as it helps teachers stay organized and guide the class in a structured way. Lesson plans should consider student characteristics and allow flexibility for adjustments.
3. While methodology and planning are useful for teachers, especially novices, teachers must also be able to adapt to unexpected situations and take advantage of opportunities for deeper learning. A variety of methods should be used to maintain student engagement.
The document outlines the policy guidelines for daily lesson preparation under the K to 12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines. It discusses the importance of instructional planning and the elements of an effective lesson plan, including objectives, content, learning resources, procedures, remarks, and reflection. Teachers are required to fill out a Daily Lesson Log on a weekly basis that includes these elements. The log is meant to guide teachers' instruction and assessment while allowing flexibility. It also requires teachers to reflect on the effectiveness of their lessons and address student needs.
Lesson Study (No Pic) Benefits And Misconceptions (25 2 10)mgcpenang
Lesson study is a process of teacher professional development that originated in Japan. It involves teachers collaboratively planning, observing, and reflecting on research lessons to improve teaching and learning. The key steps are: 1) forming a group, 2) focusing on student learning goals, 3) planning a research lesson, 4) teaching and observing the lesson, and 5) discussing and analyzing the lesson to inform future planning. Benefits include reducing teacher isolation, deepening pedagogical content knowledge, and increasing collaboration.
IRJET- Differentiated Instructional Strategies of Junior High School Science ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that examined the differentiated instructional strategies used by junior high school science teachers in Batangas, Philippines. The study found that the most commonly used strategies were flexible grouping, adjusting questions and rubrics. The least used strategies were jigsaws and layering. The study recommends further experimental research to test the effectiveness of the top strategies in teaching science and other subjects. Differentiated instruction is important because classrooms contain diverse learners with different needs, backgrounds, and learning styles. Using varied teaching methods can help meet students' individual needs and help them achieve learning goals.
Duncan Rose Module 3 Essay - 241014 (2)Duncan Rose
This document provides a lesson plan for a 5-lesson module on World War 1 for Singaporean secondary students. The module uses Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) to teach about WW1 topics while improving English skills. Lesson plans include activities on war poetry, propaganda posters, a video, and an argumentative essay assessment. Formative assessments and peer feedback are used throughout with the goal of improving exam performance. An evaluation finds that students were engaged by most lessons and successfully applied CLIL content to their final essays.
Teachers' perspectives on their involvement in selecting learning experiences and implementing curriculum in Kenyan secondary schools was examined. The study found that while teachers play an important role in curriculum implementation, the centralized curriculum development process in Kenya means teachers are not adequately involved in curriculum development. As a result, teachers' expertise is underutilized and they have less ownership over the curriculum. The study recommends giving teachers a greater role in curriculum planning and development to improve implementation.
1. The document discusses methodology in teaching English as a foreign language and the importance of effective lesson planning. It argues that methodology provides tools to improve language teaching and addresses challenges like what and how to teach.
2. Effective lesson planning is also discussed as an important framework that helps teachers stay organized and achieve learning goals. Lesson plans should consider student characteristics and allow flexibility for adjustments.
3. While resources exist to help teachers, results have not always matched expectations. The document emphasizes that teachers must select appropriate methods based on student abilities and apply methodology correctly to create functional language users.
1. The document discusses the importance of methodology in teaching foreign languages and the role of effective lesson planning. It argues that methodology provides tools to improve teaching and addresses challenges like what/how to teach.
2. Effective lesson planning is also discussed as it helps teachers stay organized and guide the class in a structured way. Lesson plans should consider student characteristics and allow flexibility for adjustments.
3. While methodology and planning are useful for teachers, especially novices, teachers must also be able to adapt to unexpected situations and take advantage of opportunities for deeper learning. A variety of methods should be used to maintain student engagement.
The document outlines the policy guidelines for daily lesson preparation under the K to 12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines. It discusses the importance of instructional planning and the elements of an effective lesson plan, including objectives, content, learning resources, procedures, remarks, and reflection. Teachers are required to fill out a Daily Lesson Log on a weekly basis that includes these elements. The log is meant to guide teachers' instruction and assessment while allowing flexibility. It also requires teachers to reflect on the effectiveness of their lessons and address student needs.
Lesson Study (No Pic) Benefits And Misconceptions (25 2 10)mgcpenang
Lesson study is a process of teacher professional development that originated in Japan. It involves teachers collaboratively planning, observing, and reflecting on research lessons to improve teaching and learning. The key steps are: 1) forming a group, 2) focusing on student learning goals, 3) planning a research lesson, 4) teaching and observing the lesson, and 5) discussing and analyzing the lesson to inform future planning. Benefits include reducing teacher isolation, deepening pedagogical content knowledge, and increasing collaboration.
IRJET- Differentiated Instructional Strategies of Junior High School Science ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that examined the differentiated instructional strategies used by junior high school science teachers in Batangas, Philippines. The study found that the most commonly used strategies were flexible grouping, adjusting questions and rubrics. The least used strategies were jigsaws and layering. The study recommends further experimental research to test the effectiveness of the top strategies in teaching science and other subjects. Differentiated instruction is important because classrooms contain diverse learners with different needs, backgrounds, and learning styles. Using varied teaching methods can help meet students' individual needs and help them achieve learning goals.
Duncan Rose Module 3 Essay - 241014 (2)Duncan Rose
This document provides a lesson plan for a 5-lesson module on World War 1 for Singaporean secondary students. The module uses Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) to teach about WW1 topics while improving English skills. Lesson plans include activities on war poetry, propaganda posters, a video, and an argumentative essay assessment. Formative assessments and peer feedback are used throughout with the goal of improving exam performance. An evaluation finds that students were engaged by most lessons and successfully applied CLIL content to their final essays.
This document discusses curriculum innovations in the Philippines and globally. It outlines several local innovations implemented in the Philippines like the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum, Third Elementary Education Program, and Secondary Education Improvement and Development Program. It also discusses the New Teacher Education Curriculum and Ladderized Curriculum for Bachelor of Technical Teacher Education. Two global innovations are described - Project Child, a hands-on learning program, and Brain-Based Learning, an approach based on neuroscience research.
This document discusses key shifts in teacher education, including a move from product-oriented to process-oriented theories and a greater focus on practical experiences and classroom-centered research. It outlines different conceptions of teacher education, from traditional views of training to apply knowledge versus intellectual awareness. Models of language teacher education are presented, from the craft model focusing on observing experts to the reflective model of adapting one's own practice. Theories underlying these models and considerations for teacher education like the role of reflection, narratives, practical experience, research, and the experiences of both native and non-native teachers are also summarized.
This document discusses various aspects of guidance and counselling including:
- Common misconceptions about guidance and counselling
- The meaning and definitions of guidance, educational guidance, and vocational guidance
- The functions, need, and services of guidance at different levels including in schools
- Types of guidance including educational, vocational, and personal guidance
The document outlines the legislative and policy frameworks that guide the work of educators in the Philippines regarding inclusive education. It discusses key national legislation, international agreements, and DepEd policies and guidelines that promote the right of all learners to access quality education, including those with disabilities. The legislation and policies establish the responsibilities of educators to provide inclusive learning opportunities and support for learners with disabilities.
he Lesson Study approach is one of the latest efforts in improving the quality of education in Malaysia.The success of Lesson Study in Japan has inspired us to adapt this approach to the education system of Malaysia. By 2015, the Ministry of Education Malaysia has implemented the approach through the Professional Learning Community (PLC) programme in almost every schoolwith the aimof enhancing the quality of education. The learning community contributes a big impact in the lesson study approach by collaborating, discussing and reflectingin order to improve the development of the teaching and learning process. Since the implementation of Lesson Study in Malaysia is still at an early stage compared to Japan, this article therefore aims to focus on explaining how the implementation of open class and reflection had been carried out in Japan. From the observation of open class and reflection during a school visit inJapan, it is found that they have organised a public open class which involved every class in the school for at least once a year
Ang agrikultura ay ang sektor ng 2. sa
ekonomiya na nakatuon sa produksyon ng 3. sa
pagkain, pananim at iba pang produkto mula sa
lupa sa pamamagitan ng pagsasaka.
C. Pagpapakilala ng bagong konsepto
Ngayon, ang ating pag – aaralan ay ang sektor Ano po ba ang sektor ng industriya?
ng Industriya. Alin sa inyo ang makakapagbigay
ng kahulugan nito?
Magandang tug
The document outlines a doctorate curriculum on curriculum development, discussing preparation activities like developing teaching and learning activities, orientation of students, and implementation through managing curriculum elements, the learning environment, and teaching activities, with the goal of training students to implement effective teaching and manage learning.
Lesson study is a teacher-led process where teachers collaboratively plan, teach, observe and refine lessons. It is time-consuming but rewarding. Meetings can be made more efficient with assigned roles and pre-distributed materials. Lesson study focuses on improving instruction rather than evaluating teachers. It allows teachers to learn from each other and tailor lessons to student needs through ongoing reflection and revision. The goal is professional growth, not comparing teaching philosophies.
TSL3143 Topic 3b Development of the Malaysian CurriculumYee Bee Choo
The document discusses the National Philosophy of Education (NPE) in Malaysia and how it guides the development of the Malaysian curriculum. It provides background on the NPE, explaining that it aims to develop students holistically and produce knowledgeable and responsible citizens. It also discusses how the NPE shapes the country's educational goals and principles from primary to tertiary levels. Additionally, the document compares the previous KBSR curriculum to the current KSSR curriculum, noting changes like a broader scope and greater focus on 21st century skills in KSSR.
This document discusses various instructional strategies and techniques for K-12 curriculum. It begins by explaining why teachers need to use different teaching methods to effectively reach all students, as students do not all learn in the same way. It then provides definitions and explanations of key concepts like techniques, strategies, tactics, and modules. The document also discusses specific strategies like mastery learning, discovery learning, the project method, and integrated or interdisciplinary teaching. It emphasizes that teaching methods should be selected and customized to fit the needs and advantages of each class.
M.Ed Teacher Education's Topic-Planning and organisation of mirco teachingfatima roshan
Micro-teaching is a technique used to help student teachers develop teaching skills. It involves breaking the teaching process down into individual skills which are practiced in short, simulated lessons with small groups of students. The micro-teaching cycle includes planning a lesson, teaching, receiving feedback, revising the plan, reteaching, and getting further feedback. This cycle is repeated until the student teacher masters the skill. When organizing micro-teaching sessions, the group is divided so each student teacher has the opportunity to practice while being observed, supervised, and provided feedback by their peers and instructor. The goal is to simplify teaching into definable skills and allow skills to be demonstrated, measured, and developed through this structured training process.
The persistent concern of stakeholders in the education sector over the dwindling academic performance of students in Nigerian secondary schools could be attributed to the perceived inadequacies in instructional time management. This study therefore investigated principals’ instructional time management strategies, teachers’ effectiveness in instructional tasks, and students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Ondo North Senatorial District of Ondo State, Nigeria. Descriptive design of the survey type was adopted. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 30 public secondary schools from three (3) Local Government Areas in the Northern Senatorial Districts of Ondo State. The sample comprised 600 teachers and 30 principals randomly selected for the study. Three (3) research questions were answered using frequency counts and percentage, while three (3) hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicated a significant relationship between principals’ time management strategies and teachers’ instructional tasks performance (r-cal=0.622, p<0.05), there was significant relationship between principals’ time management strategies and students’ academic performance (r-cal=0.702, p<0.05), and significant relationship between teachers’ instructional tasks performance and students’ academic performance (r-cal=0.587, p<0.05). The major constraints to instructional time were pressure of administrative duties and excess workload. Based on the findings, it was recommended that principals should step-up efforts at prioritizing administrative tasks, encouraging teamwork in instructional activities and delegating duties to the experienced teachers in the management cadre to reduce excess workload, and improve monitoring and evaluation of teachers’ instructional tasks performance for better academic performance of students in secondary schools.
Teacher Competencies & Role of Educational Technology-Unit 07- 8626Ek ra
The document discusses teacher competencies and the role of educational technology. It outlines several key competencies for teachers, including knowledge of subject matter, child development, instructional planning strategies, assessment, classroom environment, technology skills, collaboration, and professional conduct. It also discusses teaching skills, microteaching as a teaching practice, and the role of technology in teacher education programs, including e-learning, mobile learning, multimedia, and educational software development.
1. The document discusses Malaysia's Smart School initiative which began in 1997 to transform schools into learning institutions that prepare students for the digital age.
2. The goals of Smart Schools are to develop a skilled workforce, promote education for all, produce technology-literate thinkers, support student development, and enhance individual strengths.
3. Key components of Smart Schools are the teaching-learning process, management and administration, use of technology, and emphasis on skills like critical thinking across the curriculum.
Project CHILD is an instructional program developed at Florida State University that uses technology to enhance curriculum. It modifies school structures and creates classrooms conducive to learning with technology. Teachers become specialists in reading, writing, or math and students rotate between classrooms to receive instruction from each teacher in their cluster. The program focuses on self-contained K-5 classrooms and uses stations for different types of learning activities.
The document outlines the 7 domains of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST), which were created by the Department of Education to establish standards for teacher quality and professional development. The PPST improved upon the previous National Competency-Based Teacher Standards to better address changes in education brought about by the K-12 reform program and 21st century learning needs. The 7 domains cover teachers' content knowledge and pedagogy, learning environment, diversity of learners, curriculum planning, assessment and reporting, community engagement, and personal growth.
Ensuring quality education in ghana experiences of basic school mathematics a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the benefits basic school teachers in Ghana perceived from participating in a Lesson Study model of in-service training. The study surveyed 46 teachers who had participated in the Ghana Education Service/Japan International Cooperation Agency Science, Technology, and Mathematics in-service training project between 2001-2011. Teachers completed a questionnaire and participated in focus groups. The results showed that teachers felt their competencies in subject matter knowledge, lesson planning, lesson preparation, teaching material preparation and usage improved significantly through the Lesson Study model. The Lesson Study model was introduced in Ghana as part of an effort to provide sustainable, cost-effective professional development for mathematics and science teachers.
The document discusses a study that aimed to establish the extent to which subject mastery enhances quality teaching for student-teachers during teaching practice. The study found that:
1) Subject mastery allows student-teachers to effectively arrange teaching materials and develop ideas to enrich their content knowledge.
2) Both student-teachers and supervising teachers agreed some students faced difficulties mastering content, hindering quality teaching and curriculum delivery.
3) Improving conditions like classroom size and learning materials could help create an environment more conducive to teaching quality.
Chapter 9_Programme Teaching and Learning Strategies.pptxLeianMartin1
This document discusses strategies for curriculum design and program teaching and learning. It covers aligning teaching, learning, and assessment; encouraging creativity and innovation; internalizing the curriculum; and increasing blended and online learning. For aligning teaching and learning, it emphasizes ensuring coherence between objectives, assessments, and activities. For creativity, it suggests cultivating curiosity and relevance. Internalizing curriculum discusses active learning, multiculturalism, equity, and incorporating student choice. Increasing online learning reviews synchronous, asynchronous, and blended models, noting benefits like flexibility but also challenges like digital gaps.
This document discusses curriculum innovations in the Philippines and globally. It outlines several local innovations implemented in the Philippines like the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum, Third Elementary Education Program, and Secondary Education Improvement and Development Program. It also discusses the New Teacher Education Curriculum and Ladderized Curriculum for Bachelor of Technical Teacher Education. Two global innovations are described - Project Child, a hands-on learning program, and Brain-Based Learning, an approach based on neuroscience research.
This document discusses key shifts in teacher education, including a move from product-oriented to process-oriented theories and a greater focus on practical experiences and classroom-centered research. It outlines different conceptions of teacher education, from traditional views of training to apply knowledge versus intellectual awareness. Models of language teacher education are presented, from the craft model focusing on observing experts to the reflective model of adapting one's own practice. Theories underlying these models and considerations for teacher education like the role of reflection, narratives, practical experience, research, and the experiences of both native and non-native teachers are also summarized.
This document discusses various aspects of guidance and counselling including:
- Common misconceptions about guidance and counselling
- The meaning and definitions of guidance, educational guidance, and vocational guidance
- The functions, need, and services of guidance at different levels including in schools
- Types of guidance including educational, vocational, and personal guidance
The document outlines the legislative and policy frameworks that guide the work of educators in the Philippines regarding inclusive education. It discusses key national legislation, international agreements, and DepEd policies and guidelines that promote the right of all learners to access quality education, including those with disabilities. The legislation and policies establish the responsibilities of educators to provide inclusive learning opportunities and support for learners with disabilities.
he Lesson Study approach is one of the latest efforts in improving the quality of education in Malaysia.The success of Lesson Study in Japan has inspired us to adapt this approach to the education system of Malaysia. By 2015, the Ministry of Education Malaysia has implemented the approach through the Professional Learning Community (PLC) programme in almost every schoolwith the aimof enhancing the quality of education. The learning community contributes a big impact in the lesson study approach by collaborating, discussing and reflectingin order to improve the development of the teaching and learning process. Since the implementation of Lesson Study in Malaysia is still at an early stage compared to Japan, this article therefore aims to focus on explaining how the implementation of open class and reflection had been carried out in Japan. From the observation of open class and reflection during a school visit inJapan, it is found that they have organised a public open class which involved every class in the school for at least once a year
Ang agrikultura ay ang sektor ng 2. sa
ekonomiya na nakatuon sa produksyon ng 3. sa
pagkain, pananim at iba pang produkto mula sa
lupa sa pamamagitan ng pagsasaka.
C. Pagpapakilala ng bagong konsepto
Ngayon, ang ating pag – aaralan ay ang sektor Ano po ba ang sektor ng industriya?
ng Industriya. Alin sa inyo ang makakapagbigay
ng kahulugan nito?
Magandang tug
The document outlines a doctorate curriculum on curriculum development, discussing preparation activities like developing teaching and learning activities, orientation of students, and implementation through managing curriculum elements, the learning environment, and teaching activities, with the goal of training students to implement effective teaching and manage learning.
Lesson study is a teacher-led process where teachers collaboratively plan, teach, observe and refine lessons. It is time-consuming but rewarding. Meetings can be made more efficient with assigned roles and pre-distributed materials. Lesson study focuses on improving instruction rather than evaluating teachers. It allows teachers to learn from each other and tailor lessons to student needs through ongoing reflection and revision. The goal is professional growth, not comparing teaching philosophies.
TSL3143 Topic 3b Development of the Malaysian CurriculumYee Bee Choo
The document discusses the National Philosophy of Education (NPE) in Malaysia and how it guides the development of the Malaysian curriculum. It provides background on the NPE, explaining that it aims to develop students holistically and produce knowledgeable and responsible citizens. It also discusses how the NPE shapes the country's educational goals and principles from primary to tertiary levels. Additionally, the document compares the previous KBSR curriculum to the current KSSR curriculum, noting changes like a broader scope and greater focus on 21st century skills in KSSR.
This document discusses various instructional strategies and techniques for K-12 curriculum. It begins by explaining why teachers need to use different teaching methods to effectively reach all students, as students do not all learn in the same way. It then provides definitions and explanations of key concepts like techniques, strategies, tactics, and modules. The document also discusses specific strategies like mastery learning, discovery learning, the project method, and integrated or interdisciplinary teaching. It emphasizes that teaching methods should be selected and customized to fit the needs and advantages of each class.
M.Ed Teacher Education's Topic-Planning and organisation of mirco teachingfatima roshan
Micro-teaching is a technique used to help student teachers develop teaching skills. It involves breaking the teaching process down into individual skills which are practiced in short, simulated lessons with small groups of students. The micro-teaching cycle includes planning a lesson, teaching, receiving feedback, revising the plan, reteaching, and getting further feedback. This cycle is repeated until the student teacher masters the skill. When organizing micro-teaching sessions, the group is divided so each student teacher has the opportunity to practice while being observed, supervised, and provided feedback by their peers and instructor. The goal is to simplify teaching into definable skills and allow skills to be demonstrated, measured, and developed through this structured training process.
The persistent concern of stakeholders in the education sector over the dwindling academic performance of students in Nigerian secondary schools could be attributed to the perceived inadequacies in instructional time management. This study therefore investigated principals’ instructional time management strategies, teachers’ effectiveness in instructional tasks, and students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Ondo North Senatorial District of Ondo State, Nigeria. Descriptive design of the survey type was adopted. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 30 public secondary schools from three (3) Local Government Areas in the Northern Senatorial Districts of Ondo State. The sample comprised 600 teachers and 30 principals randomly selected for the study. Three (3) research questions were answered using frequency counts and percentage, while three (3) hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicated a significant relationship between principals’ time management strategies and teachers’ instructional tasks performance (r-cal=0.622, p<0.05), there was significant relationship between principals’ time management strategies and students’ academic performance (r-cal=0.702, p<0.05), and significant relationship between teachers’ instructional tasks performance and students’ academic performance (r-cal=0.587, p<0.05). The major constraints to instructional time were pressure of administrative duties and excess workload. Based on the findings, it was recommended that principals should step-up efforts at prioritizing administrative tasks, encouraging teamwork in instructional activities and delegating duties to the experienced teachers in the management cadre to reduce excess workload, and improve monitoring and evaluation of teachers’ instructional tasks performance for better academic performance of students in secondary schools.
Teacher Competencies & Role of Educational Technology-Unit 07- 8626Ek ra
The document discusses teacher competencies and the role of educational technology. It outlines several key competencies for teachers, including knowledge of subject matter, child development, instructional planning strategies, assessment, classroom environment, technology skills, collaboration, and professional conduct. It also discusses teaching skills, microteaching as a teaching practice, and the role of technology in teacher education programs, including e-learning, mobile learning, multimedia, and educational software development.
1. The document discusses Malaysia's Smart School initiative which began in 1997 to transform schools into learning institutions that prepare students for the digital age.
2. The goals of Smart Schools are to develop a skilled workforce, promote education for all, produce technology-literate thinkers, support student development, and enhance individual strengths.
3. Key components of Smart Schools are the teaching-learning process, management and administration, use of technology, and emphasis on skills like critical thinking across the curriculum.
Project CHILD is an instructional program developed at Florida State University that uses technology to enhance curriculum. It modifies school structures and creates classrooms conducive to learning with technology. Teachers become specialists in reading, writing, or math and students rotate between classrooms to receive instruction from each teacher in their cluster. The program focuses on self-contained K-5 classrooms and uses stations for different types of learning activities.
The document outlines the 7 domains of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST), which were created by the Department of Education to establish standards for teacher quality and professional development. The PPST improved upon the previous National Competency-Based Teacher Standards to better address changes in education brought about by the K-12 reform program and 21st century learning needs. The 7 domains cover teachers' content knowledge and pedagogy, learning environment, diversity of learners, curriculum planning, assessment and reporting, community engagement, and personal growth.
Ensuring quality education in ghana experiences of basic school mathematics a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the benefits basic school teachers in Ghana perceived from participating in a Lesson Study model of in-service training. The study surveyed 46 teachers who had participated in the Ghana Education Service/Japan International Cooperation Agency Science, Technology, and Mathematics in-service training project between 2001-2011. Teachers completed a questionnaire and participated in focus groups. The results showed that teachers felt their competencies in subject matter knowledge, lesson planning, lesson preparation, teaching material preparation and usage improved significantly through the Lesson Study model. The Lesson Study model was introduced in Ghana as part of an effort to provide sustainable, cost-effective professional development for mathematics and science teachers.
The document discusses a study that aimed to establish the extent to which subject mastery enhances quality teaching for student-teachers during teaching practice. The study found that:
1) Subject mastery allows student-teachers to effectively arrange teaching materials and develop ideas to enrich their content knowledge.
2) Both student-teachers and supervising teachers agreed some students faced difficulties mastering content, hindering quality teaching and curriculum delivery.
3) Improving conditions like classroom size and learning materials could help create an environment more conducive to teaching quality.
Chapter 9_Programme Teaching and Learning Strategies.pptxLeianMartin1
This document discusses strategies for curriculum design and program teaching and learning. It covers aligning teaching, learning, and assessment; encouraging creativity and innovation; internalizing the curriculum; and increasing blended and online learning. For aligning teaching and learning, it emphasizes ensuring coherence between objectives, assessments, and activities. For creativity, it suggests cultivating curiosity and relevance. Internalizing curriculum discusses active learning, multiculturalism, equity, and incorporating student choice. Increasing online learning reviews synchronous, asynchronous, and blended models, noting benefits like flexibility but also challenges like digital gaps.
This document outlines the key components of effective lesson planning, including learning aims, objectives, and structuring lessons. It discusses establishing learning aims and objectives for an email lesson as an example. Learning objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. Effective lesson planning also involves considering activities, outcomes, assessments, timing, cross-curricular links, and evaluating lessons. The planning process is iterative rather than linear.
Preparing a lesson plan is one of the most challenging issues that novice teachers and students at their college levels face when they are asked to write a lesson plan (Bin-Hady, 2018). As a response to many of the students and teachers, the researchers try to set some solutions and guidance which can be even at limited level help such novice teachers and activate or sharpen skillful teachers. This paper provides novice teachers and students with theoretical and practical information about lesson-planning. It briefly defines lesson plan, explains its importance and sets the essential elements for a lesson plan. The second part of the paper focuses on the practical solution for writing lesson-plans. The researchers prepared different plans which focus on the four language skills and language areas. Such skill and areas are important to be concentrated on for enhancing learners in their language ability or using language communicatively. The researchers used Crescent English Course for Yemen (CECFY) as the content of this study because CECFY is the coursebook used to teach English at the Yemeni context. Key
CURRICULUM-DESIGN - Micro and macro.pptxGopiMecheri1
This document provides an overview of curriculum design concepts from a presentation by Dr. Sheila Marie N. Bugayong. It discusses how teachers serve as curriculum designers and should involve learners in a planned sequence of learning experiences. The document outlines Peter Oliva's 10 axioms for effective curriculum design, including that curriculum changes with the times and involves stakeholder input. It also describes the key elements of curriculum design, such as specifying intended learning outcomes, determining appropriate content and references, selecting teaching methods, and planning assessment of learning.
The document discusses breaking down subject boundaries through interdisciplinary teaching at an international school. It outlines the background of moving from a traditional subject-focused model to a more holistic interdisciplinary approach. Key steps included surveying teachers, defining interdisciplinary learning, collaboratively planning cross-subject units, and addressing staffing and timetabling to better support the new approach. Initial interdisciplinary units integrated subjects like English and performing arts, science and technology, and maths and visual art. The changes aim to improve student understanding through purposeful, integrated learning across disciplines.
The document discusses instructional planning for teaching. It defines instructional planning as a teacher's process of visualizing and planning what topics students will learn and how they will learn the material. The document outlines different types of instructional plans including yearly, monthly, weekly, and daily plans. It also discusses the elements of effective instructional planning, such as clear learning outcomes, varied teaching methods, practice and feedback, and complex thinking. Gagne's nine events of instruction are presented as an instructional planning framework. Overall, the document emphasizes that instructional planning is important for teachers to strategically decide what and how students will learn.
Proposal PTK BERBAHASA INGGRIS --- demostrative method at procedure text----khitdhys yh
This proposal outlines a classroom action research study to improve 9th grade students' ability to perform short monologues in procedure text form through the demonstration learning method. The study will take place over two cycles at SMP Negeri 1 Sumobito, involving observation of lessons, reflection on outcomes, and analysis of data on student comprehension, sequencing ability, and final products. The goal is to develop an effective, efficient, and enjoyable teaching strategy to actively engage students and improve their English communication skills.
The document discusses curriculum development for nursing programs. It defines curriculum as a plan for guiding the educative process and achieving educational goals. A nursing curriculum should include objectives, duration, course plans, and evaluation methods. It is developed through a process involving gathering information and making decisions at various levels. Key steps include establishing objectives, selecting learning experiences aligned with objectives, organizing experiences for continuity and integration, and evaluating the curriculum's effectiveness. The document also outlines various curriculum models like student-centered, correlated, and integrated curriculums.
The document discusses the key components of an effective lesson plan, including learning aims, objectives, activities, and assessment. It emphasizes that lesson planning is an iterative process, like putting together a jigsaw puzzle, where different elements are developed and modified until a workable plan is formed. Specifically, it outlines how to write clear learning aims and objectives, develop age-appropriate activities, incorporate assessment criteria, and structure the lesson effectively within the given time frame.
This project aims to promote innovations in teaching English, science, and math. Some key innovations include connecting classrooms globally, using multimedia to enhance language skills, assessing students online to improve reasoning abilities, and using everyday objects to make math concepts more concrete. The goals are to develop students' skills and habits of diligence while making learning an engaging process. Evaluations show the innovations have helped improve student performance and develop creativity and critical thinking. The project serves as a model that can be replicated by customizing activities based on available resources.
This document discusses integrative teaching strategies (ITS) for improving student learning. It describes ITS as a well-organized strategy anchored in real-life situations that includes student interests and needs. The document outlines three main modes of teaching strategies that are part of ITS: thematic teaching, content-based instruction, and focusing inquiry. It also discusses principles for planning ITS, benefits and impediments, types of classroom activities, characteristics of meaningful integrative activities, and general steps for developing units and strategies.
Curriculum is one of the most important things that an aspiring teacher needs to know. This will help teacher identify different types of curriculum to be able to give a quality education to learners.
Effect of implementation lesson study to improve students’ learning achieveme...Alexander Decker
1) The study aimed to determine the success of using a lesson study approach with cooperative learning models to improve student achievement in Calculus I.
2) The results showed student achievement improved, with 85.71% mastery of relationships and functions material and 82.14% mastery of derivatives material.
3) The lesson study approach allowed knowledge sharing between faculty, students, and between faculty members, improving the learning process.
The document provides guidance for English language teachers on lesson planning. It discusses key concepts in lesson planning such as objectives, materials, activities and assessment. It provides examples of different parts of a lesson including warm-up, presentation, practice and production. It also outlines principles for planning such as variety, flexibility and considering the needs of students, school and community. Guidelines are given for developing clear instructions and checking student comprehension.
TEACHING SPEAKING SKILLS IN ENGLISH THROUGH STUDENT CENTERED ACTIVITIESIRJET Journal
This document discusses student-centered instruction for teaching speaking skills in English. It defines student-centered learning as an approach that motivates students and provides an interactive environment. The key characteristics of student-centered learning are that it engages students in the learning process, promotes inductive learning, and differs from teacher-centered approaches by making learning relevant and giving students responsibility for their learning. Various activities that can be used in student-centered language classrooms are discussed, including role plays, group discussions, debates, pair work, storytelling and interviews. The document concludes that student-centered learning allows students to take ownership of their learning and be more motivated compared to traditional teacher-centered methods.
This document outlines the steps in designing instructional technology-based materials. It discusses analyzing learners' characteristics, stating clear instructional objectives, analyzing content, selecting appropriate instructional methods, matching pedagogy with technology, implementing the lesson plan, and evaluating the results. The goals are to ensure materials are specifically designed to meet learning objectives and serve both teachers and students as tools to promote learning. Evaluation of materials and student achievement of objectives is important to improve future lesson planning.
Constructive alignment in university teaching and curriculumSatu Öystilä
The document discusses constructive alignment in university teaching. It describes constructive alignment as aligning learning outcomes, teaching methods, and assessments. The key aspects of constructive alignment are:
1. Clearly defining intended learning outcomes.
2. Choosing teaching methods that will help students achieve the learning outcomes.
3. Using assessments that evaluate if students have achieved the intended learning outcomes.
It emphasizes the importance of student-centered learning over teacher-centered transmission of information. A reflective, student-focused approach to teaching is advocated to ensure learning outcomes are effectively achieved.
The document discusses pedagogical approaches and strategies for 21st century learners as mandated by the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 in the Philippines. It outlines five main approaches - collaborative, constructivist, integrative, inquiry-based, and reflective learning. Each approach is defined and examples of how they can be implemented in the classroom are provided, including suggested activities and technologies. The approaches aim to make learning more active, cooperative, collaborative, exploratory, contextualized and relevant for students.
Similar to Enhancing an Effective EFL Classroom through Lesson Planning (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26576 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1480
“A lesson plan is to provide a structure of the lesson,to provide
a map for the teacher to follow, and to provide a record of
what has been taught.” (Jack Richards)
To reflect learners’ attributes got from the lesson
To report to the supervisor in timely manners
To guide a substitute teacher
To leave as a reference for other teachers
2.2. Models of lesson plans
A Tyler (1949)
Rational-Linear Framework
Step1: Specify objectives
Step2: Select learning activities
Step 3: Organise learning
Step 4; Specify methods of evaluation
B Yinger (1980)
Stage1: Problem Conception (Integrating teacher’s goals,
knowledge and experience)
Stage 2: Formulation of problem and solution
Stage 3: Implementation and evaluation influenced by past
lesson and what is expected to happen
C Bailey (1996)
Reasons for steering away from original plan
Serve the common good
Teach to the moment.
Further the Lesson
Accomodate learning styles
Promote students’ involvement
Distribute benefits
2.3. BLOOM’S TAXONOMY FOR LESSON PLANS
In the cognitive domain of Bloom’s taxonomy, there are
levels starting from remembering to creating. So a good
lesson plan goes step by step of the Bloom’s taxonomy so
that the students can learn in astreamlinedmanner.Suitable
activities and tasks should be ingested into each step.
3. WHY INCORPORATING INTERACTIVEACTIVITIES IN
A LESSON
Today we are shifting to learner-centred learning in EFL
classrooms of Myanmar. Learnersare madetolearn actively.
According Stan Jagger (2018),
“Learning happens when we are active. Welearn fromactively
reading, listening, participating in class and working with
other people. Active learning means that we think about and
try to understand what we are learning”
Making use of activities gives rise to active learning of
students and makes a lesson flow smoothly and saves time.
The teacher needs to make sure step by step lesson flow
taking into consideration of not what they are teaching but
what learners are learning. So they need to adapt and vary
the activities depending on the learners and teaching
contexts so that the class becomesactive andagood learning
environment is achieved.
Obviously, English as a foreign languageskillisan integrated
skill. So, activities concerned with all 4 skills and sub skills
such as vocabulary skills, morphological, phonological, and
grammatical skills should be applied in EFL classrooms.
3.1. The nature of activities and types of activities
Sometimes the teacher needs to vary the pace of learning.
And then they need to use various kinds of activities.
Teaching and learning activities are any tasks related to the
learning objectives. They can be energetic (stir activities),
where learners can move around and make some noise, or
quiet (settle activities) with learners sitting at their desks
thinking. Some activities are individual work, pair work and
group work or class as a whole. (Mote Oo Education)
3.1.1. Roles of activities in stages of lessons
There are some stages in a typical lesson structure.
A. Teaching of receptive skills_ pre-while- post activities
are used.
B. Teaching of language components _ presentation
practice and produce activities is used.
C. Teaching productive skills_ pre-while(presentation
practice produce)-post activities
3.1.2. The characteristics of communicative activities
The interactive activities will have the following
Characteristics.
They involve using language for a purpose
They create a desire to communicate.
They encourage students to be creative and contribute
`their ideas.
They focus on the message and students concentrate on
what they are saying rather than how they are saying.
The students work independently of the teacher.
The students determine what they want to say or write.
4. THE CASE STUDY
4.1. Boundary of the case study
Considering all the factors of a good and effective lesson,
suitable and reasonable amount of activities were ingested
in the lesson of 4th Year EFL Class. The material reference
was English Unlimited B2. Some adaptations and variations
had to be made.
The organization of the material is that warming up
activities are introduced first and then some input language
either in the form of reading or listening is given and after
that either notable or useful vocabulary or expressions are
highlighted. Grammar reference and grammar practice
activities are also provided. Speaking exercise is usually
followed as a practice for productive skill.Writingpracticeis
usually given alongside with modeling. It is found that as
receptive skills, listening and reading are introduced first
and productive skills are intended to be achieved.
4.2. A SAMPLE LESSON PLAN
Depending on the amount of results or outcomes intended
by the textbook, the teacher needs to tailor the lesson
accordingly. Balancing curriculums, students’ background
knowledge and government objectives, a samplelesson plan
for improving integrated skills was made to engage the
students in their class as follows:
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26576 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1481
4.2.1. Information of the Lesson
Target students IV Year BE students from TU (Kyaukse)
Level Upper Intermediate
Lecturer
Daw Thida Kyaw, Lecturer
M.A.(English for Specific purposes)
Target Skill Reading Comprehension Skill
Integrated Skills
Skimming and scanning skills, Reading for
interpretation, critical thinking skill, speaking skill
Materials used 1 page of hand out
Stages Used
Pre-reading stage
While reading stage
Post- reading stage
Review stage
Time Allotted 36 minutes
Table 4.1 Information of the lesson
4.2.2. THE ACTUAL LESSON PLAN
There are four stages for the lesson and the material used is attached as appendix A.
Stage 1
Teaching stage Pre reading stage
Tasks
1.Listing dos and don’ts in an interview
2.Comparing the lists asking agree with all the advice
Learning outcomes Students will be able to list down dos and donts
Skills achieved Speaking skill ,critical thinking skill, compromising skill
Instruction methods Individual work ,pair work, class work(eliciting)
Assessment Randomly checked pair answer on board
Time allotted 4 minutes
Table 4.2 Stage 1 of a reading lesson
Stage 2
Teaching stage While reading stage
Tasks
1.Reading the introduction and imagining possible unusual behaviours
2. Deciding which stories are difficult to believe reading the rest paragraphs
3. Dividing the interviewees into three groups
Learning outcomes
-Students will be able -to state unusual behaviours
-to decide which ones are difficult to believe
-to discriminate the interviewees among three groups
Skills achieved Skimming and scanning skills, Critical thinking, reading for interpretation skill
Instruction methods & strategies Brainstorming, Think-pair–share-present, Collborative learning
Assessment Randomly checked pair answer on board
Time allotted 16 minutes
Table 4.3 Stage 2 of a reading lesson
Stage 3
Teaching stage Post reading stage
Tasks
1.Comparing the answers
2.Explaining the answers “why”
Learning outcomes Students will be able to compare and contrast ideas explaining “why”
Skills achieved Speaking skill ,critical thinking skill, compromising skill
Instruction methods Individual work ,pair work, class work(eliciting)
Assessment Comparing the answers on board, Eliciting “why” opinions
Time allotted 6 minutes
Table 4.4 Stage 3 of a reading lesson
Stage 4
Teaching stage Review stage
Tasks Talking about own experiences of interview for jobs or courses
Learning outcomes
Students will be able to share their own experiences and give
reasons of why they think good or bad experiences
Skills achieved Speaking skill ,critical thinking skill, compromising skill
Instruction methods Individual work ,pair work, class discussion(eliciting)
Assessment Eliciting “why” opinions
Time allotted 10 minutes
Table 4.5 Stage 4 of a reading lesson
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26576 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1482
5. OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS
5.1. OBSERVATIONS OF STUDENTS’ INVOLVEMENT IN
EACH STAGE
In a lesson, introduction or pre-stage is always essential to
arouse the learners’ background knowledgeand toknow the
learners’ level of existing knowledge for the teachers. Based
on these, the teacher can vary the tasks that proceed.
Actually in this case, the students became engagedinfinding
out dos and don’ts in Stage 1. The teacher had to make sure
they really did the task by making them into pairs. There
were just about 5% students who were reluctant to do the
task. The teacher needed to facilitate some of the learners
with just names of some issues in an eliciting manner. The
teacher made sure they acquired the needed skills by
randomly checking the pairs.
In stage 2, while reading stage, students had to do the tasks
by indirectly being asked to read the whole passage. Of
course, they had to use thinking skills of comparing and
contrasting with dos and don’ts as norms. In this case, it was
found that to get to the right track of deciding unusual
behaviours, the teacher need to facilitate them with unusual
behaviour. But they could easily find what are difficult to
believe. And the teacher facilitated them with the usage of
‘over confident’ and ‘aggressive’ in ahead so that they found
no difficulty in discriminating the groups of interviewees.
In stage 3, post reading stage, the students had to compare
their answers and give reasons of why they chose their
answers in a small discussion. In this case, they had to share
their ideas and had a chance to express their ideas.Students’
involvement as an active participation could be seen 100%.
In stage 4, review stage, the students had to express their
own experiences and they had a chance to exchange their
ideas. In this case, speaking skill exercise was used as a task
related task. Based on the knowledge they got from reading
exercise, they could create their experiences. Over 90 % of
students were found to be responsive to the why questions.
5.2 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ON FINDINGS
In each stage of the lesson, it was found that motivation of
the students can be achieved by engagement. Byassigningas
pairs, they were engaged and had a senseof dutytocarryout
the task and to make interaction between them. Peer
interaction has many benefits of self-correctionsandfinding
out the best possible ways to communicate and have a
chance to learn language as beingpartofthecooperativeand
collaborative work. So it is clearly seen that the teacher’s
clear instruction was essential to starttheballrolling.Sojust
about 5% of students must also be helped by finding out
what’s the problem for them. It was inquired that the
problem might be he or she was unfamiliarwith theteaching
style so as to be paired and to be part of a group. Moreover,
the source of the problem might be they are weak at
language proficiency.
In the first stage, students’ involvement result was found to
be satisfying because it was not very difficult for them to
imagine the dos and don’ts. The teacher had to make sure
that assigning duties for finding dos and don’ts as pairs and
sharing to the class .Giving time limit was critical for the
teacher to make justification for what it should be .It was
needed to take into considerations of the level of exercise in
the pre-stage. It should not be too complicated and it should
be as to introduce the proceeding lesson.
In the second stage, it was found that reading for main ideas
and reading for interpretation were practised. These
exercises were made sure as learner- centred learning
exercises so that the students could learn actively and made
their own decisions. The teacher just needed to facilitate
them to get to the right track for sometimes they have
various kinds of distractions. The scaffolding from teachers
such as giving examples was essential for the weak learners.
Scaffolding techniques were made use of as facilitation.
In the third stage, they had to recheck again their answers
and so they had to read the passage with a purpose. They
had to make decision consulting with what they have
acquired as knowledge bydiscussingwithotherpeople.Now
Speaking skills of comparing and contrasting and
compromising had to be used. The teacher can ingest
interactive activities such as cooperative and collaborative
work so that team spirit was nurtured in their learning
Situation and they learn more when learning with friends.
In the fourth stage, the students were extended to learn to
speak a short talk or discussion in this stage, the exercise
demanded analysis and evaluation such as “Do You think
interviews are good ways of choosing people?”So some
students found them challenging .They had to use critical
thinking skills.
6. SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
In our engineeringcommunity, our engineeringstudentsare
expected to have some attributes after graduation. Some of
them are
they will be able to communicate effectively on complex
engineering activities with the engineering community
and with society at large, such as being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, give and
receive clear instructions.
they will be able to function effectively as an individual,
and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in
multi- displinary settings
They will have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life- long learning
Myanmar Engineering Council
To meet these requirements, language teachers also play an
important role to impart knowledge, skills and attitudes in
their language teaching learning contexts. For example,
email ethics, ethics for report writing, dos and don’ts of an
oral presentation should also be woven into the lessons.
Seeing these needs and norms as core values, language
teachers should make sure implementation of a lesson plan
dedicated to practise the needed skills. By going beyond
tangible assets, a lesson plan reflecting these outcomes is
very essential. The teacher should take into consideration of
the Bloom’s taxonomy and he should check what the
students learn from the lesson and impacts achieved. In this
way, the teacher gaggles the designs of teaching learning
situations so that the class becomes learner friendly and
effective for outcome based education. From head to heart
and hand, the carefully designed lesson planning can forge a
realistic learning process of what to learn and how to learn.
In balancing the amount of lesson, the teacher judgement of
how to facilitate learning to learn depends on the teacher’s
knowledge and practiceof teachingmethodologyandsubject
matter. To realize the teacher’s conditions, checklists
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26576 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1483
(Appendix B) and (Appendix C) are advisable and they can
be used as parameters for the teacher practice in the
classroom.
7. CONCLUSION
From the case study done, it is clearly seen that lesson
planning ahead of time could bring advantages not only in
terms of time and management but also in terms of
intangible assets such as rising up manners and attitudes. It
was seen that by following a systematic lesson plan which
had been taken into account of how to manage a classroom
through pedagogy, activities and techniques, the class
became really interactive and student’s involvement was
raised up by their self motivation to learn. So it is hoped that
this paper would be able to point out first that teacher’s
commitment to the devotion ofenoughof histimetoprepare
to get a lesson plan is important. Secondly, it is needed to
give teachers enough knowledge and practice for teaching
methodology of using Bloom’s taxonomy in their teaching
steps so that the lesson plan can be systematic. Thirdly,
correct pedagogy, activities and techniques should be
employed in place by the teachers in implementing their
lesson plan so that the class becomes effective. And last but
not the least students should know what they are doing at
the start of the lesson and teachers let them know their
strengths and weaknesses while giving feedback and let
them practice for improvements in weak areas.
In conclusion, a good lesson planning is a critical point for
enhancing an effective EFL class room. It can create both
tangible and intangible assets for studentsdramatically.And
teachers should not under mime the lesson plans and they
should realize that lesson plans are really their personalities
and road maps for them and their students.
8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author is very grateful to the committee of IJTSRD and
editorial board for permitting the study to publish. The
author wishes to acknowledge the researchers and writers
who wrote and created the journals, books and articles that
are of great help to me for my journal. Withoutthem,I would
not think of any ideas and could not finish my journal
successfully.
REFERENCES
[1] Matthews, Zoe. How do learners learn? Mote Oo,2015
[2] Matthews, Zoe& Julian, Katie. How do you teach for
learning? Mote Oo,2017
[3] Jagger, Stan. Skills for successful study, at Home or
Abroad. Mote Oo.2018
[4] Davis, Rhona& Julian, Katie. Lesson Planning.Mote
Oo.2016
[5] Ur, Penny. Grammar Practice Activities, A Practical
Guide for the Teachers. Bell and Bain Ltd,
Glasgow.1996
[6] Harris, S. Human Communication and Information
Systems. Oxford University Press.1995
[7] Two truths One lie and 114 Activities for Language
Class rooms,The Curriculum Project.2013
[8] Accreditation manual by Myanmar engineering
Council.2015
[9] Tilbury& Hendra with Rea & Clementson.English
Unlimited B2 Upper- Intermediate. Cambridge
University Press
Appendix A
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26576 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1484
(APPENDIX B) How to reflect a teacher’s teaching
I can yes
need
practice
no
1. Establish learning objectives for each class at the right level for learners.
2. Choose learning activities to help learners reach their learning objectives
3. Choose a variety of learning activities to suit the individual learners’ needs
4. Choose learning activities that build on learners already know
5. Design hand outs to help learners reach their learning objectives
6. Communicate in a way that engages the learner
7. Give step by step instructions and check the understanding of those instructions
8. Use a variety of visual aids and classroom resources to facilitate learning
9. Arrange the learners and the classrooms to facilitate learning
10 Make the learners get con- structive feedback and make the classroom safe and comfortable
Source: How do you teach for learning by Matthews,Zoe &Julian,Katie.2017
(APPENDIX C) Check list for teahing
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5
1 The teacher’s instructions were in a clear logical order.
2
The teacher used visual aids or drew a diagram of the classroom arrangement on the board
before the activity.
3 The teacher demonstrated how to do the activity
4
The teacher broke down the activity into simplest steps and used language that the learner
already knows.
5 The teacher checks learners’ understanding of the instructions with questions.
6 The learners understood the instructions.
7 The teacher waited for 2-3 seconds after they ask a question.
8 Learners were given discussion time and write time
9
The teacher built a discussion by asking more questions after wait time about new
information that they are teaching
10 The teacher used a gesture ,mime or verbal cue to elicit a target item
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26576 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1485
11 The teacher used visuals or wrote a part of the target item they are trying to elicit
12
Learners got opportunities from the teacher to demonstrate that they know information
through eliciting
13 The teacher clearly organized the board and used large neat handwriting
14. The teacher cleaned old unimportant information regularly
15 The teacher wrote some learners’ answers and key points on the board
16 The teacher listed the lesson objectives
17 The teachers allowed learners to write their ideas on the board
18
The teacher used visuals, different colored pens and put notes, posters and diagrams on the
board
19 Learners had opportunities to move around and use objects in the classroom
20 The teacher used a variety of arrangement for small groups pairs or individuals
21
The teacher could move learners and furniture efficiently so that an activity changed quickly
to the next
22
The teacher could move around the classroom interacting with individuals and groups or
checking their work
Source: How do you teach for learning? by Matthews,Zoe&Julian,Katie2017