University students are expected to acquire proficiency in skills used in the profession and to serve globally as they graduate. Efficacy of this has been supported in studies in which skill mastery was enhanced through provision of experiential assignments. Service learning is a teaching and learning strategy that integrates meaningful community service with instruction and reflection to enrich the learning experience. Problem-based learning provides active, hands-on learning that is centered on real-world problems or issues. A qualitative study was conducted by the researchers with five online courses in graduate counselor education and a total of 536 students over a 2.5 year period to assess student application of course concepts in a realworld environment with cultural diversity. Student projects focused on identification of needs and individual work to serve those needs, such as volunteering with a cultural group other than their own and development of websites to address collective population issues of need. This paper shares reflections and benefits found in student projects with these courses. Results of the study supported efficacy of Service Learning and ProblemBased Learning to enhance student mastery of course content and preparation for global service after degree completion.
Addressing student variability in educational designAlan Bruce
The role and fuction of Universal Design for Learning as a technique in cereating more inclusive learning systems at a time of change for schools and teachers. Presented at ODS Summer School in Marathon, Greece on 15 July 2014
Presentation by Dr Madeleine Mattarozzi Laming of the Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, to the Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching (CELT) at the University of Wales, Newport, on Friday 5th March 2010. Introduced by the CELT Director, Professor Simon Haslett.
21st Century Pedagogy: Transformational Approachijtsrd
Pedagogies are constantly evolving and great emphasis has been laid on the teachers to use effective teaching strategies and method to improve students' achievement. That is why pedagogy is one of the important factors that need to revisit in order to maximize the attainment of educational objectives. Based on the data gathered, technology in the classroom, differentiated instruction and student centered approach should be adapted and modeled across the country to elevate and nourish the capability of the students to go beyond limitation. Further, the way students learn and comprehend have change dramatically educators must also evolve from traditional way to 21st century way of teaching. Novelita T. Bornea | Ma. Georgina B. Espa±ol | Ma. May A. Buala | Pedrito S. Ocba Jr "21st Century Pedagogy: Transformational Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29806.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29806/21st-century-pedagogy-transformational-approach/novelita-t-bornea
Addressing student variability in educational designAlan Bruce
The role and fuction of Universal Design for Learning as a technique in cereating more inclusive learning systems at a time of change for schools and teachers. Presented at ODS Summer School in Marathon, Greece on 15 July 2014
Presentation by Dr Madeleine Mattarozzi Laming of the Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, to the Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching (CELT) at the University of Wales, Newport, on Friday 5th March 2010. Introduced by the CELT Director, Professor Simon Haslett.
21st Century Pedagogy: Transformational Approachijtsrd
Pedagogies are constantly evolving and great emphasis has been laid on the teachers to use effective teaching strategies and method to improve students' achievement. That is why pedagogy is one of the important factors that need to revisit in order to maximize the attainment of educational objectives. Based on the data gathered, technology in the classroom, differentiated instruction and student centered approach should be adapted and modeled across the country to elevate and nourish the capability of the students to go beyond limitation. Further, the way students learn and comprehend have change dramatically educators must also evolve from traditional way to 21st century way of teaching. Novelita T. Bornea | Ma. Georgina B. Espa±ol | Ma. May A. Buala | Pedrito S. Ocba Jr "21st Century Pedagogy: Transformational Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29806.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29806/21st-century-pedagogy-transformational-approach/novelita-t-bornea
Boggan, matthew k mentoring t2 t alternate sped nfsej v27 n1 2016William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
Engineering Higher Education: A Leading Model That Guides Mobile Technology T...Dustin Bessette, CIG
A visionary leadership of education has been currently transformed by mobile devices with educational purposes. These purposes lead to drastic changes that often occur with internal and formation structures of academic programs. These changes lead to prosperous students that are able to obtain these changes and modify their learning spectrum for a new era. Within the new era, careers and jobs are changing due to technical and financial advances that require these new skills. Mobile technology is the new face of education by a basis of relative institutions that believe in advances for career, educational, and personal purposes. These devices are created specifically for educational learning, such that more students are able to learn studies that they never could before. This will also help generate new students from locations the institution was not able to gain students from in the past. The purpose of this study is to engage topics about the virtual classroom and discuss a model that entices new possibilities that are in relative manner to measurements for academics. The focus will be based from research that is specifically centered for virtual learning. Areas of interest will be mainly distance learning, engineering virtual classrooms, modifying institutional programs, and marketing and enrollment procedures. These items will assure research that bases its methods on higher educational leaning set towards institutional awareness of advanced technology for academics. The outcomes of this model will create modified ideas and methods that are currently used in the academic setting. The research is based on current information that is sufficient and bases a majority of information related to academic integrity and purpose. Its methods are created to assist faculty and students better understand how creative measures can assist and engage the institution with technical advances for virtual classroom.
CHALLENGES FACED BY STUDENT AFFAIRS PRACTITIONERS IN EMBEDDING INDIGENOUS KNO...ijejournal
The drive to mainstream indigenous knowledge into student leadership development in Zimbabwean higher education has recently gained currency. Student leadership development has a Eurocentric historical background and it has continued on this paradigm in the post-independence era. Framed on decolonial theoretical framework this study interrogates the challenges that are faced by student affairs practitioners in their efforts to include indigenous epistemologies into student leadership development programmes. The research was designed as a case study that employed qualitative methods of data collection and analysis focussing on student development practice at three state universities in Zimbabwe namely Bindura University of Science Education, Chinhoyi University of Science Education and Great Zimbabwe University. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with student Affairs practitioners and analysed through NVivo qualitative data analysis software. Research findings indicate that student affairs practitioners face a myriad of problems which hinder the mainstreaming of the knowledge of the local indigenous people into leadership development. These problems include lack of training to empower them with skills to include indigenous epistemologies into student leadership training, lack of funding and policy guidelines. Theorising on this complexity the research recommends the designing of leadership programmes that imbue indigenous epistemologies of the local people in student development such as hunhu/ubuntu values.
The Role of Stakeholders and Parterships in Open Education by Economia Creati...Antonio Carlos Ruiz
In the context of Network Society in the Digital Era, education and open education programmes has to understant and commit to solid partnerships developing win-win strategies. Multifaceted stakeholders partnerships in education are essential for creating and implementing policies, programmes and curricula that can address the complexity of nowadays in an inclusive, efficient and effective way.
An evaluation of_the_conditions,_processes,_and_consequences_of_laptop_comput...Cathy Cavanaugh
This article examines how laptop computing technology, teacher professional
development, and systematic support resulted in changed teaching practices
and increased student achievement in 47 K-12 schools in 11 Florida school
districts. The overview of a large-scale study documents the type and
magnitude of change in student-centered teaching, technology tool-based
teaching, and student learning that were observed in 440 classrooms over
the course of a school year. By employing multiple observations in all
schools, document analysis, interviews, and teacher inquiry, an account of the
conditions, processes, and consequences (Hall, 1995) of laptop computing
was generated. Based on the analysis of data, laptop computing had a positive
impact across districts, particularly in regard to changes in teaching practices.
Increases in student achievement were also demonstrated across districts.
This study calls attention to systemic issues associated with successful laptop
implementation and provides implications for statewide laptop programs.
Dilemma of Electorates when Corruption and Threat became a Cultureinventionjournals
Most of the politicians usually adopted various techniques and strategies to get their ends beyond electoral integrity. One or either form of corrupt practices appears widely in India’s northeast too which greatly demeans democracy. In the backdrop of various demands of different ethnic-based insurgencies, elections are also conducting in regular interval in this India’s Northeast. The state of democracy in India’s northeast is clear example of flawed democracy where elections are in servitude. This study is based on quantitative and empirical methods through SPSS interpretation. Sources of data were mainly from structured questionnaire collected on the basis of random sampling method from electorates of India’s northeast. In contemporary, many insurgent groups have been interfering in the elections since they entered peace dialogue with government of India. This paper attempts to analyse corrupt practices and modus operandi of electioneering practices. Majority of electorates were also on the whims of perpetrators.
Storying the Self in Nigerian Gender Discourse: A Critical Evaluation of Chim...inventionjournals
:This article offers a critical review of the Nigerian female writer ChimamandaNgoziAdichie’s autobiographical essay We Should All Be Feminists (2014). Beyond the binarism of self and other and male and female inherent to any work on gender, we study the concept of Happy Feminism and its related issues introduced by Adichie in Nigerian gender discourse. By contrast with classic feminism, happy feminism is defined as a kind of feminism adapted to the African cultural context which empowers African women, improves their self-esteem and excludes any form of sexism, misogyny, misandry or emasculation. Based on a Personality Psychological approach to personal narratives and using a narratological and socio-literary framework, this article explores and puts into question the relevance of the term Happy Feminism by confronting it to current studies on Nigerian gender discourse. While not neglecting Adichie’s contribution to the elaboration of Nigerian gender discourse, the article highlights the fact that the concept of Happy Feminism is problematically undertheorised.
“Liberatory prescription of local taxes in the civil and commercial code of t...inventionjournals
The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the rules set forth by the Civil and Commercial Code of the Nation regarding statute of limitations on local tribunes, in the taxes which are the responsibility of the provinces and municipalities under our tax regime. We leave the study of the Constitution as powers of different levels with tax competition that coexist in our country and the very simplified our court jurisprudence in this matter study. The concept of taxing power , provincial autonomy and its limits will also be addressed.
The Influence of Service Quality, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) ...inventionjournals
Indonesian National Army Hospitals (RS TNIs) is one of hospitals that servicing the Indonesian National Army (TNI) member, their family, civil servant and public community. In the competitive business situation like today, RS TNIs have to manage the change due to the new policy of health services in hospital. In 2014, the fundamental change of health services were occurred in correlation to National Health Insurance (JKN) for all of Indonesian people. This change concerned to financial management, funding, membership, treatment procedures, types of services, referral system, pattern rates, claim, supervision and evaluation. The number of regulatory changes in the newera of health care in Indonesia have triggered other changes, particularly hospital customer behavior. Population in this research were patient in 17 TNI level two hospitals all over Indonesia, who have been treated twice or more in TNI level two hospitals, at class 1, class 2 and class 3 rooms. Analyzing data using Generalized Least Square Estimation (GLS), Analysis Structural Equation (SEM) model, the proportional random sampling method and applying software Amos 22, on 246 respondents. The model testing (fit) of research data may viewed from GFI, AGFI, TLI, CFI, RMSEA and CMIN/DF values, which respectively were 0.922,0.914, 0.962, 0.973, 0.062 and 1.636 that all of those in the expected value range thus the model can be accepted. Results of this research indicated that: 1). Service quality is influencing patient satisfaction. 2). Service quality is influencing brand image. 3). Service quality is influencing trust. 4). Service quality is influencing patient loyalty. 5). Customer relationship management (CRM) is influencing patient satisfaction. 6). Customer relationship management (CRM) is influencing brand image. 7). Customer relationship management (CRM) is influencing trust. 8). Customer relationship management (CRM) is insignificantly influence patient loyalty. 9). Patient satisfaction is influencing patient loyalty. 10). Patient satisfaction is insignificantly influence brand image. 11). Brand image is influencing trust. 12). Brand image is influencing patient loyalty. 13). Trust is influencing on patient loyalty
Boggan, matthew k mentoring t2 t alternate sped nfsej v27 n1 2016William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
Engineering Higher Education: A Leading Model That Guides Mobile Technology T...Dustin Bessette, CIG
A visionary leadership of education has been currently transformed by mobile devices with educational purposes. These purposes lead to drastic changes that often occur with internal and formation structures of academic programs. These changes lead to prosperous students that are able to obtain these changes and modify their learning spectrum for a new era. Within the new era, careers and jobs are changing due to technical and financial advances that require these new skills. Mobile technology is the new face of education by a basis of relative institutions that believe in advances for career, educational, and personal purposes. These devices are created specifically for educational learning, such that more students are able to learn studies that they never could before. This will also help generate new students from locations the institution was not able to gain students from in the past. The purpose of this study is to engage topics about the virtual classroom and discuss a model that entices new possibilities that are in relative manner to measurements for academics. The focus will be based from research that is specifically centered for virtual learning. Areas of interest will be mainly distance learning, engineering virtual classrooms, modifying institutional programs, and marketing and enrollment procedures. These items will assure research that bases its methods on higher educational leaning set towards institutional awareness of advanced technology for academics. The outcomes of this model will create modified ideas and methods that are currently used in the academic setting. The research is based on current information that is sufficient and bases a majority of information related to academic integrity and purpose. Its methods are created to assist faculty and students better understand how creative measures can assist and engage the institution with technical advances for virtual classroom.
CHALLENGES FACED BY STUDENT AFFAIRS PRACTITIONERS IN EMBEDDING INDIGENOUS KNO...ijejournal
The drive to mainstream indigenous knowledge into student leadership development in Zimbabwean higher education has recently gained currency. Student leadership development has a Eurocentric historical background and it has continued on this paradigm in the post-independence era. Framed on decolonial theoretical framework this study interrogates the challenges that are faced by student affairs practitioners in their efforts to include indigenous epistemologies into student leadership development programmes. The research was designed as a case study that employed qualitative methods of data collection and analysis focussing on student development practice at three state universities in Zimbabwe namely Bindura University of Science Education, Chinhoyi University of Science Education and Great Zimbabwe University. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with student Affairs practitioners and analysed through NVivo qualitative data analysis software. Research findings indicate that student affairs practitioners face a myriad of problems which hinder the mainstreaming of the knowledge of the local indigenous people into leadership development. These problems include lack of training to empower them with skills to include indigenous epistemologies into student leadership training, lack of funding and policy guidelines. Theorising on this complexity the research recommends the designing of leadership programmes that imbue indigenous epistemologies of the local people in student development such as hunhu/ubuntu values.
The Role of Stakeholders and Parterships in Open Education by Economia Creati...Antonio Carlos Ruiz
In the context of Network Society in the Digital Era, education and open education programmes has to understant and commit to solid partnerships developing win-win strategies. Multifaceted stakeholders partnerships in education are essential for creating and implementing policies, programmes and curricula that can address the complexity of nowadays in an inclusive, efficient and effective way.
An evaluation of_the_conditions,_processes,_and_consequences_of_laptop_comput...Cathy Cavanaugh
This article examines how laptop computing technology, teacher professional
development, and systematic support resulted in changed teaching practices
and increased student achievement in 47 K-12 schools in 11 Florida school
districts. The overview of a large-scale study documents the type and
magnitude of change in student-centered teaching, technology tool-based
teaching, and student learning that were observed in 440 classrooms over
the course of a school year. By employing multiple observations in all
schools, document analysis, interviews, and teacher inquiry, an account of the
conditions, processes, and consequences (Hall, 1995) of laptop computing
was generated. Based on the analysis of data, laptop computing had a positive
impact across districts, particularly in regard to changes in teaching practices.
Increases in student achievement were also demonstrated across districts.
This study calls attention to systemic issues associated with successful laptop
implementation and provides implications for statewide laptop programs.
Dilemma of Electorates when Corruption and Threat became a Cultureinventionjournals
Most of the politicians usually adopted various techniques and strategies to get their ends beyond electoral integrity. One or either form of corrupt practices appears widely in India’s northeast too which greatly demeans democracy. In the backdrop of various demands of different ethnic-based insurgencies, elections are also conducting in regular interval in this India’s Northeast. The state of democracy in India’s northeast is clear example of flawed democracy where elections are in servitude. This study is based on quantitative and empirical methods through SPSS interpretation. Sources of data were mainly from structured questionnaire collected on the basis of random sampling method from electorates of India’s northeast. In contemporary, many insurgent groups have been interfering in the elections since they entered peace dialogue with government of India. This paper attempts to analyse corrupt practices and modus operandi of electioneering practices. Majority of electorates were also on the whims of perpetrators.
Storying the Self in Nigerian Gender Discourse: A Critical Evaluation of Chim...inventionjournals
:This article offers a critical review of the Nigerian female writer ChimamandaNgoziAdichie’s autobiographical essay We Should All Be Feminists (2014). Beyond the binarism of self and other and male and female inherent to any work on gender, we study the concept of Happy Feminism and its related issues introduced by Adichie in Nigerian gender discourse. By contrast with classic feminism, happy feminism is defined as a kind of feminism adapted to the African cultural context which empowers African women, improves their self-esteem and excludes any form of sexism, misogyny, misandry or emasculation. Based on a Personality Psychological approach to personal narratives and using a narratological and socio-literary framework, this article explores and puts into question the relevance of the term Happy Feminism by confronting it to current studies on Nigerian gender discourse. While not neglecting Adichie’s contribution to the elaboration of Nigerian gender discourse, the article highlights the fact that the concept of Happy Feminism is problematically undertheorised.
“Liberatory prescription of local taxes in the civil and commercial code of t...inventionjournals
The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the rules set forth by the Civil and Commercial Code of the Nation regarding statute of limitations on local tribunes, in the taxes which are the responsibility of the provinces and municipalities under our tax regime. We leave the study of the Constitution as powers of different levels with tax competition that coexist in our country and the very simplified our court jurisprudence in this matter study. The concept of taxing power , provincial autonomy and its limits will also be addressed.
The Influence of Service Quality, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) ...inventionjournals
Indonesian National Army Hospitals (RS TNIs) is one of hospitals that servicing the Indonesian National Army (TNI) member, their family, civil servant and public community. In the competitive business situation like today, RS TNIs have to manage the change due to the new policy of health services in hospital. In 2014, the fundamental change of health services were occurred in correlation to National Health Insurance (JKN) for all of Indonesian people. This change concerned to financial management, funding, membership, treatment procedures, types of services, referral system, pattern rates, claim, supervision and evaluation. The number of regulatory changes in the newera of health care in Indonesia have triggered other changes, particularly hospital customer behavior. Population in this research were patient in 17 TNI level two hospitals all over Indonesia, who have been treated twice or more in TNI level two hospitals, at class 1, class 2 and class 3 rooms. Analyzing data using Generalized Least Square Estimation (GLS), Analysis Structural Equation (SEM) model, the proportional random sampling method and applying software Amos 22, on 246 respondents. The model testing (fit) of research data may viewed from GFI, AGFI, TLI, CFI, RMSEA and CMIN/DF values, which respectively were 0.922,0.914, 0.962, 0.973, 0.062 and 1.636 that all of those in the expected value range thus the model can be accepted. Results of this research indicated that: 1). Service quality is influencing patient satisfaction. 2). Service quality is influencing brand image. 3). Service quality is influencing trust. 4). Service quality is influencing patient loyalty. 5). Customer relationship management (CRM) is influencing patient satisfaction. 6). Customer relationship management (CRM) is influencing brand image. 7). Customer relationship management (CRM) is influencing trust. 8). Customer relationship management (CRM) is insignificantly influence patient loyalty. 9). Patient satisfaction is influencing patient loyalty. 10). Patient satisfaction is insignificantly influence brand image. 11). Brand image is influencing trust. 12). Brand image is influencing patient loyalty. 13). Trust is influencing on patient loyalty
Job Satisfaction and Perceived Self-Efficacy among Greek Nursesinventionjournals
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate job satisfaction and perceived self-efficacy of nurses working in a general hospital in Greece. Background: Most people spend a considerable part of their lifetime working. Work and social life form a whole by being interconnected and also give each other meaning. For this reason, job satisfaction becomes important for all professions. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive research design was used in this study. Data were collected using the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale, the General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale and a demographic questionnaire. Results: The study sample was composed of 101 participants. We found that a positive significant relationship between job satisfaction, liking one’s job, salary, and choosing the department to work where one works. There was no significant difference between perceived self-efficacy and job satisfaction in our sample of Greek nurses. Conclusion: Further studies should be carried out in different countries with larger samples and different nursing specialties to shed light on nurses’ job satisfaction. Implications for nursing management: The obtained findings show that nursing managers should try to provide these factors related to working conditions in order to improve job satisfaction.
A Study on Consumer Behaviour towards Branded Garments am ong Male Shoppersinventionjournals
In the age of identity crisis and need for differentiation, everyone is after uniqueness; particularly h ow one wishes to appear. India is a global market for fashion garments and there is a cut throat competition exi sting among brands. Companies are rigorously working on identifying consumer buying behaviour, preferences, creating awareness, and a positive attitude towards their brands in order to grab larger portion of the market. Therefore, it is become necessary to study the consumer behaviour towards various branded men`s garments. T he study emphasis on how consumer evaluate branded garments on the basis of style, texture, price, colour, adv ertisement and celebrity endorsements, preferences towards branded garments and reasons for purchasing bran ded garments. The researcher has used descriptive research design, conducted study only with 150 respondents from two Engineering college, Bangalore. Statistical tools like measurement of central tendency, Chi-Square ar e used to test and analyse the collected data. Finally, it is revealed that irrespective of age and education levels respondents are buying branded garments to enhance their style, ant to protect their self-respect.
The Effect of Employee’s Perceptions on Corporate Social Responsibility Activ...inventionjournals
Banks is one of public sector which take part in relation with the communities by doing operational activities as a concern to their stakeholders. In banking sector, employees have authorities and powers in affecting the company. The aim of this research was analyze the influence of employee’s perceptions on corporate social responsibility activities to the organizational commitment which mediated by organizational trust. Sample in this research were employees on private banks in Malang by using total sampling and SEMPLS analysis. The results showed that employee’s perceptions on corporate social responsibility activities directly influenced organizational commitment. The influence of employee’s perceptions on corporate social responsibility activities to organizational commitment enhanced by organizational trust.
Changing Pattern of Rural-Urban Fringe Life of Tamluk Town, W.B., India (A Ca...inventionjournals
Before the formation of the peripheral Ward No.- 20 in Tamluk Municipality, most of the land use was-agricultural land, fallow land, water bodies etc. But now the picture of the land use is changing rapidly. Ward no.-20 lies between 22º17’07’’N to 22º16’28’’N and 87º54’15’’E to 87º55’21’’E latitude and longitude respectively. Objectives: i) To study migration and occupation of Ward No.-20. ii) To study decadal change of urban life of Ward No.-20. Primary data have been collected by schedule survey of households. Out of 771 households 10% (i.e. 78) households of Ward No.-20 have been randomly selected for the study. Secondary data have been collected from Tamluk Municipality office. Cadastral map is collected from DLRO. Urban life is measured with some indicators. Findings: i) At present 73.08% of the total sample houses are CCC in nature. ii) Public Transport and market facility are poor. Iii) 98.72% of family depends upon water supply as a source of drinking water. 87.18% of family depends upon water supply as a source of bathing water. 73.08% of family depends upon water supply as a source of washing water. Suggestion: Water Supply will create crisis in future. Pond may be used for bathing and washing. Attention should be given to provide tertiary economic activities (market and public transport).
EFL Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards Facebook as anEducational Lea...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to examine EFL students’ perceptions and attitudes towards Facebook as an educational learning tool.Participants were twenty eight undergraduate female students who experienced teaching and learning through Facebook and some classroom and face-to-face sessions. The researcher, to collect data, prepared and used two instruments; The first was face-to-face interview, while the second was Facebook Perception and Attitudes Questionnaire. Having conducted interviews, and administered the Facebook Perception and Attitudes Questionnaire, data were analyzed quantatively and qualitatively. The findings revealed that students had high and positiveperceptions of Facebook and its activities as a learning environment. Also, students had good and favourable attitudes towards using Facebook on teaching and learning.
Analysis Market Reaction on Timeliness Reporting: Study on Indonesia Stock Ex...inventionjournals
Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE) in 2012 recorded that there were 36.6% of companies that did not meet the timeliness reporting in preparing the financial statements, whereas companies that implement Good Corporate Governance (GCG) should be timely in preparing the financial statements as the implementation of the principle of transparency which is one of the principles of GCG. This study aims to examine how the role of GCG in monitoring and suppressing the timeliness reporting in preparing the financial statements and whether there are differences in market reaction between the companies that meet the timeliness reporting and which do not. The research samples taken from population members were 96 companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013. The data processed by using logistic regression and independent t test. The results show that the institutional ownership, independent board and audit committee play a role in the fulfillment of timeliness reporting while the management ownership and board size have insignificant. Further results of the study showed no difference in reaction to the market on the company meet and do not meet the timeliness reporting.
State of women entrepreneurship in Manipur: study on molasses productioninventionjournals
Women have experimented through various occupations for their livelihood. They usually sold local made liquor at nearby markets. However they have to bear many odds like stigma and discrimination for the sake of life. Later, some women entrepreneurs had started molasses production and their success story had influenced others and felt them for better earning. This paper attempts to explore socio-economic aspects of these SC women workforce of Kakching through empirical and exploratory research with a view to analyse present status of women workforce engaged in molasses entrepreneurs; search whether it is possible to give a sustain economic conditions; challenges to render the trade successfully and; examine the prospects with the coming of India’s Look East Policies. It concluded with possible suggestion and recommendations that prompted by the findings.
Marassi North Coast penthouse vacation home sea view ahmed khallaf
Penthouse for sale in Marassi
Located in North Coast, Sidi Abd Rahman Bay, Marassi Verdi.
Penthouse Marassi: 232m. 4 bedrooms , 3 bathrooms, Sea View.
Total Price: 3.000.000 L.E.
2.055.000 Cash, the rest 945000. divided :
maintenance & Receipt: 377000 L.E.
installment 44000 every 3 months to 2019
Receipt in 5/ 2017
Contact: 01221617104
Amenities Verdi:
Verdi is the child prodigy of Florence and Venice, a neighbourhood of tranquil lakes and alluring colonnades.
This is where the calmness of nature peeps through large windows, bringing along a vibrantly cheerful feel.
- Community Centre
- Beach Clubhouse
- Golf Academy
- Golf Course
- Mporium
- Sports Facilities
Promoting Export-Led Economic Growth in Nigeria –The Export Processing Zone O...inventionjournals
The volatility in crude oil production in Nigeria, which in recent times, have been heightened by militant attacks on critical oil installations in the Niger Delta area and the continued price spiral in international oil market has once again brought to the front burner anxieties about the future of the oil sector in the Nigerian economy. The unfolding scenario has again exposed the Nigerian economy to downside risks of volatility in oil prices with attendant consequences and multiple effects on the economy and businesses as well.. Since the third quarter of 2015, fallen prices of crude oil and fluctuations in crude oil production in Nigeria have conspired to put the country’s economy in dire straits. The oil price has fallen by more than 50 percent since June 2014, when it was $115 a barrel. It is now consistently below $50 and has been as low as $37. These developments have put the nation’s fiscal operations in quandary. The government has rightly responded by putting in place various fiscal and monetary measures to stem the tide. The federal government has adopted some austere measures to cushion the effect of the persistent drop in revenue. However, the implementation of these short-term measures to shore up revenue could be impeded by political exigencies which often times overrides economic rationality. Thus, a more comprehensive and alternative approach that will promote non-oil export will be a better option. To this end, the authors recommend the revitalization and retooling of the Export Processing Zone (EPZ) Scheme in order to effectively diversify the economy away from oil to an export-led economy.
The Impact of ICT on Students of The Preparatory Academic Unit 14 of The Auto...inventionjournals
For the following investigation was taken as study area High Academic Unit 14, belonging to the Autonomous University of Nayarit, which aims to determine the level of knowledge and management of Information Technology and Communication -ICT- by students, applying these technologies in various activities inside and outside school. Also, the collection of information involved with the lifting of 101 surveys, consisting of the following questions, 1. How old are you? 2. What is your sex? 3. Do you make use of technologies such as computer, internet, programs, email, social networks, etc.? 4. What place make use of the internet for your questions and / or tasks? 5. In providing Internet services, which often use? 6. To which social networks you connect constantly? 7. Do you think anyone can handle technological tools? 8. Which of these programs you constantly use to your academic activities? 9. The level of use of information technologies and communication - ICT- at your school is? applied to groups of first year for which the data were processed statistically using contingency tables in SPSS 19 program, obtaining as main result a moderate about knowledge and use of ICT impact.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): An Emerging Technology for Logisticsinventionjournals
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UVAs), commonly known as drones have extensively been utilized in military operations during the last decade for surveillance, monitoring enemy activities, collecting information, and even attacking military targets and terrorist hideouts. They are also increasingly finding uses in civil applications, such as policing and firefighting and nonmilitary work, such as inspection of power lines and pipelines. Furthermore, corporations utilized them in commercial applications, such as agriculture, logistics, delivering small packages to rough terrain locations, and medication to emergency locations. UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too ―dull, dirty or dangerous‖ for manned aircraft. This paper is exploratory in nature and describes the past and current usage in logistics and military. It further explores design and development considerations of UAVs. This is an emerging technology that will change the landscape of logistics and supply chain management. This research article provides a basic foundation to academicians, researchers, and commercial companies.
How the Mobile Technologies and ICT-s in the Tourism Sector Affect the Social...inventionjournals
Travel today is an activity for millions of people around the world, not only directly related to tourism purposes, but for many other reasons. The past 20 years, the transport sector was significantly upgraded by providing convenience, speed and more facilities, in most cases with relatively low cost. Also, the tourism sector is heavily influenced by information technology and communication (ICT-s) as one of the tools that providers of tourism services are mainly used for marketing and sales purposes. One of the very important effects of tourism is to bring positive results in the social cohesion of the countries where is developed. But the phenomenon that is noticed nowadays is that people from different social groups like young people, elderly and people with disabilities are using ICT massively for planning their holidays, for being informed about the destination where they want to go, for bookings, reservations, payments etc. This article aims to show that the mobile technology and innovations in ICT-s in the tourism sector have positive effects on the social cohesion and the industry itself. Application producers for mobile equipments are providing innovative and practical services which have often very logical prices, attracting millions of users.
Giving Back: Exploring Service-Learning in an Online EnvironmentRochell McWhorter
This is the last author's copy. To read the published copy:
http://www.ncolr.org/issues/jiol/v14/n2/3
Service-Learning (SL) as an instructional method is growing in popularity for giving back to the community while connecting the experience to course content. However, little has been published on using SL for online business students. This study highlights an exploratory mixed-methods, multiple case study of an online business leadership and ethics course utilizing SL as a pedagogical teaching tool with 81 students. Results from the study noted that hours completed exceeded those assigned and students identified outcomes for themselves, their university, and nonprofit organizations where they served. The outcomes of this study mirrored those identified by students in traditional face-to-face courses underscoring the value of SL projects in online courses in higher education.
JOURNAL REVIEW: Students learning through service learning
Hebert A and Hauf P: “Students learning through service learning” Effects on academic development, civic responsibility, interpersonal skills and practical skills. Active Learning in Higher Education Vol.16, 2015, 37-49
Ecology of Education and Service-Learning: Perspectives on teaching & learningOhio Campus Compact
Presentation includes an introduction to Service-Learning; Strengths of Service-Learning, Outcomes & Strengths of Service-Learning and basics of creating a Service-Learning course syllabus
Is Service-Learning Effective 1 IS SERVICE-LEARNIN.docxchristiandean12115
Is Service-Learning Effective?
1
IS SERVICE-LEARNING EFFECTIVE?: A LOOK AT CURRENT RESEARCH
Clayton A. Hurd
Colorado State University
June 2006
Please do not quote without permission of the author
______________________________________
Abstract
The growth of service-learning in higher education is related to the way it both helps students
achieve personal and academic goals and serves broader institutional goals of civic engagement for
students and outreach to communities (Campus Compact 2000). This article looks closely at current
research assessing the impact of academic service-learning in such areas as enhanced academic
learning, instructional effectiveness, civic responsibility, appreciation of diversity, and student
retention. Research has demonstrated that courses incorporating service learning components
generally provide greater learning benefits than those that do not, including a deeper understanding
of course material, a better understanding of the complex problems people face, and an ability to
apply course material to new situations and real world problems. Research also suggests that faculty
integration of service-learning pedagogy and practice enhances the achievement of curricular goals
of the course, facilitates deeper faculty-student connections and better understanding of student
learning styles, provides more meaningful engagement with and commitment to teaching, and
promotes a greater sense of connection to other faculty and the institution. With regard to student
retention, emerging research highlights the ways in which service-learning classes promote
academic (cognitive) and social (affective) integration and facilitate the development of meaningful
connections between students, faculty, and community members in ways that allow for diversity and
encourage retention.
DEFINING SERVICE LEARNING
Service-learning is a pedagogical practice that integrates service and academic learning to promote
increased understanding of course content while helping students develop knowledge, skills, and
cognitive capacities to deal effectively with the complex social issues and problems. It is an approach
that emphasizes reflection and field-based learning as a way to engage the learner personally with the
curriculum. As pedagogy, service learning emphasizes meaningful student learning through applied,
active, project-based learning that draws on multiple knowledge sources (academic, student
knowledge and experience, and community knowledge) and provides students with ample
opportunities for ethical and critical reflection and practice. By confronting issues and problems in
complex natural contexts, service learning courses help students develop a deeper understanding of
subject matter, a practical knowledge of community decision making processes, and strategies for
transferring knowledge and problem solving skills to new situations. Effective service-learning
class.
Impact of Academic and Social Factors on Education Performance of StudentsSubmissionResearchpa
Counseling makes perfect any human being for living life smoothly. According to phycology people required someone near to him/her with whom he/she can share their thoughts, happiness, emotions etc. and this is required in education also, In education we need to give support to our students for knowing their problems and feeling regarding education, life, career, friends, family etc. in this paper researcher tried to find out the importance of the counseling in the mind of students of the effect of the same in students mind because in the recent time importance of the education is more and the use of technology is also more so its big problem for the students for connecting consciously with the learning, and without consciousness people cannot understand many thinks for life long time it’s just for examination. By using the qualitative research study research has tried to find out solution for the same with the sample of 60 students of undergraduate of Parul University. During the research researcher identified major two internal and external factors in which there are six other factors, with the help of the qualitative research technique. by Rahul Chauhan and Bhoomi R. Chauhan 2020. Impact of Academic and Social Factors on Education Performance of Students. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 5 (Mar. 2020), 34-43. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i5.140. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/140/137 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/140
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. Kritsonis has served as an elementary school teacher, elementary and middle school principal, superintendent of schools, director of student teaching and field experiences, professor, author, consultant, and journal editor. Dr. Kritsonis has considerable experience in chairing PhD dissertations and master thesis and has supervised practicums for teacher candidates, curriculum supervisors, central office personnel, principals, and superintendents. He also has experience in teaching in doctoral and masters programs in elementary and secondary education as well as educational leadership and supervision. He has earned the rank as professor at three universities in two states, including successful post-tenure reviews.
Similar to Enhancement of Student Preparation for Global Service (20)
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
Enhancement of Student Preparation for Global Service
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 9||September. 2016 || PP.82-87
www.ijhssi.org 82 | Page
Enhancement of Student Preparation for Global Service
Dr. Mary Hollingsworth, Dr. Pamela R. Rochester
Asst. Professor, College of Education, University of West Alabama, United States,
Asst. Professor, College of Education, University of West Alabama, United States,
ABSTRACT: University students are expected to acquire proficiency in skills used in the profession and to
serve globally as they graduate. Efficacy of this has been supported in studies in which skill mastery was
enhanced through provision of experiential assignments. Service learning is a teaching and learning strategy
that integrates meaningful community service with instruction and reflection to enrich the learning experience.
Problem-based learning provides active, hands-on learning that is centered on real-world problems or issues.
A qualitative study was conducted by the researchers with five online courses in graduate counselor education
and a total of 536 students over a 2.5 year period to assess student application of course concepts in a real-
world environment with cultural diversity. Student projects focused on identification of needs and individual
work to serve those needs, such as volunteering with a cultural group other than their own and development of
websites to address collective population issues of need. This paper shares reflections and benefits found in
student projects with these courses. Results of the study supported efficacy of Service Learning and Problem-
Based Learning to enhance student mastery of course content and preparation for global service after degree
completion.
Keywords: Global learning, Problem-Based Learning, Service Learning, Student Skill Application
I. INTRODUCTION
Students in many education programs are expected to acquire proficiency in practice of techniques and
skills used in the profession. The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
(CACREP, 2016) specifies in its standards for accreditation that programs include training in skills through
courses as well as with student practicums and internships. Efficacy of this has been supported in studies in
which skill mastery was enhanced through provision of experiential assignments. Service learning is a teaching
and learning strategy that integrates meaningful community service with instruction and reflection to enrich the
learning experience, teach civic responsibility, and strengthen communities. Problem-based learning is a
pedagogical method of active, hands-on learning that is centered on real-world problems or issues. Both of
these are used from elementary schools through institutions of higher education to allow students to frame
educational concepts in the context of community and civic responsibility. Both of these connect the academic
preparation of students to real-world usage of their education and the traditional public service role expected of
institutions of higher education.
Eyler (2002) noted that while research on service-learning has been mixed, there is evidence to suggest
that service–learning programs which thoroughly integrate service and academic learning through continuous
reflection promote development of the knowledge, skills, and cognitive capacities necessary for students to deal
effectively with the complex social issues that challenge citizens. While there is not much research in the
service–learning literature that specifically addresses techniques of reflection, evidence from studies of
problem–based learning, situated cognition, and cognitive development suggests approaches to reflection that
will enhance the power of service-learning in attaining these important goals which facilitate full community
participation.
Population changes in the United States alone support increased attention to academic preparation for
students to use their degrees to serve a more culturally diverse world at home and globally. In 2016, (The U.S.
Census Bureau 2016) projected that the number of Hispanics in the United States will triple from 31.4 million in
1998 to 98.2 million in 2050; African Americans will increase from 34.9 million in 1998 to 59.2 million; and
Asians and Pacific Islanders will increase from 10.7 million to 37.6 million. America's foreign-born
population, most of them coming from Asia and Latin America, will increase from 26 million to 53.8 million.
The non-Hispanic white population will decrease from 72 percent of the total population in 1999 to 52 percent
in 2050, and racial and ethnic minorities and immigrants will comprise over 50 percent of the nation's workforce
(Henderson, 2002).
More research has been needed to further determine the efficacy of integration of problem-based and
service learning as pedagogy in counselor education with theory application and skills practice. The results of
the research discussed in this paper can further guide this pedagogy and will also provide foundation for
additional study to enhance marketability of graduates to serve in a more culturally diverse work place.
2. Enhancement Of Student Preparation For Global Service
www.ijhssi.org 83 | Page
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Felten and Clayton (2011) described Service/Problem-Based Learning as historical tradition that began
in colonial times of the United States as religious and civic leaders were prepared to serve in the colonies.
These authors noted that service learning experiences promote the goals of learning, involve reciprocal
collaboration among stakeholders, and “include critical reflection and assessment processes ..to produce and
document meaningful learning and service outcomes” (p. 76).
Brooks and Schramm (2007) found that combining traditional university mission goals of research,
education, and service into integrated activities within courses offered substantial benefit to all stakeholders –
faculty, students, and the community served. The efficacy of problem-based learning is supported through a
study by Tawfik, Trueman, and Lorz (2014) in which pedagogy of problem-based and service learning were
applied with students in science, math, and technology disciplines. These authors reference many other studies
to support the use of the following elements of problem-based learning in course work:Student-centered
learning; Problems as the catalyst for learning; and Self-directed learning.
Student-centered Learning
Even though the use of service learning has grown in both P12 and higher education settings, Lee
(2012), noted that this approach with student-centered learning is still under-researched and under-explored.
These authors investigated the impact of service-learning on student learning and developmental outcomes.
Their results indicated that service-learning has a positive impact with academic learning, interpersonal
development, and personal development.
Efficacy of experience as a learning component exists even outside service-learning. An example is
the teaching of group dynamics and leadership for students in counselor education. Furr and Barret (2000)
found that an experiential group was essential for students in this training, because it provided opportunity for
skill development and also increased student awareness of dynamics that occur within a group of people
working together.
Problems as the Catalyst for Learning
A key in the academic process is preparation of students to use what they have learned in class for life
application. Sveikauskas, Kirikova, and Leonas (2008) noted that problem-based learning places students in
practical life problems that can very well encounter outside the class setting. They indicated that this learning
approach includes both a scenario of a real-world problem and student self-education. Through their study,
Sveikauskas, et al. found that the problem-based learning conditions improved social cognitive competencies of
student participants. Students also reported that the integration of problem-based learning increased their
motivation to study. Michaelsen and Sweet (2008) explored the use of problem-based learning through
assignment of group work in classes. They found that whether the assignment required individual or group
work, problem-centered learning prompted students to use course concepts for problem resolution.
Self-directed Learning
As students integrate more into global service and work, service learning provides a useful modality for
promotion of skills efficacy as well as increased commitment to social accountability. McMenamin, McGrath,
Cantillon, and MacFarlane (2014) noted the following practice points of service learning: 1) Service learning is
a complex educational approach which involves communities, students, and institutions into partnerships that
are equally beneficial and reciprocal; 2) Service learning has been used to teach students social accountability –
a core standard in the accreditation of health care education; and 3) Working in partnership with the “different
other” helps students develop deeper appreciation of vulnerabilities of marginalized populations and nurture a
purposeful sense of social responsibility.
(p. 291).
Exploration of life-span generations has indicated differences in learning styles from the Silent
Generation and Baby Boomers of yesterday’s college population to the Generation X and Millennials who fill
today’s classes. Baker College ((2004) provides training for faculty on these differences. The students of today
are accustomed to group work, comfortable with active learning, multi-task with ease, and are motivated toward
money and earning potential. (p. 31). Seccombe and Stewart (2014) noted that a new curriculum in a New
Zealand nursing education program created challenges for students as requirements increased for Self-Directed
Learning(SDL). In a study to further discern motivation for students to engage in SDL, Seccombe and Stewart
found that students were most motivated when the SDL was strongly linked to class lectures and activities,
effective feedback was provided from self-reflection and instructors, and the SDL was relevant for student goals
and needs.
3. Enhancement Of Student Preparation For Global Service
www.ijhssi.org 84 | Page
Multicultural Competence
As students enter undergraduate college or even pursue graduate studies, their life experiences can
produce preconceived notions about cultures other than those of their life experience. Zaretsky (2016)
examined modalities to help students get past preconceived notions through a teaching program and design
experience for women in West Africa. She noted that she entered the experience herself with preconceived
notions of her potential students’ helplessness, low literacy levels, student passivity, and even student apathy.
She found instead that her students were eager to learn and actively engaged – even to the point of directing the
learning themselves. A key lesson for Zaretsky was that her role should be that of facilitator versus transmitter,
especially when working with cultures other than her own. She reflected that Western educators can benefit
from yielding to the expertise of the other culture versus “taking charge.”
The theorist Vygotsky proposed that learning occurred in a sociocultural context with intelligence
held by the group rather than the individual. Sigelman and Rider (2014) noted that learning is culturally shaped
as those with knowledge and experience pass on problem-solving strategies to other people. Santrock (2015)
also noted that Vygotsky’s social constructivist approach emphasized the importance of sociocultural influences
on development as integral to contextual factors in learning.
III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
The proposed Service Learning Projects were conducted in courses as shown in Table 1 to provide
students with integration of course concepts and practice of counseling skills and theories with community
service and critical self-reflection. These Service Learning Projects integrated problem-based learning and
provided a major component of the course experience and grade in real-world application of course concepts.
At the end of the semester, an assessment was conducted to measure progress in attainment of initial goals.
Students also completed a reflection to include the three levels of Service Learning as related to the objectives
of the specific course. These reflections were submitted in class in a paper. The three levels of service learning
are: 1) Mirror – Reflection on what student learned about self and possible future changes in self from the
experience; 2) Binoculars – Reflection on the details of the experience and how those related to course
concepts; and 3) Microscope – Reflection on the etiology of the issue and potential future resolutions for the
issue.
Table 1. Courses and Projects
Course Project
Professional
Orientation
to Counseling
Students first conducted research on areas in school counseling for professionalism and ethics that
seemed to need improvement. Students then each developed a website page to share information on a
specific topic area from their research. The students used free website builders such as Weebly and Wix
and built a website that included a name and content that reflected focus on this topic to inform school
counselors of the importance of the chosen professionalism and ethics area for the profession. Students
were required to include at list five resources included with a diversity, such as links to article, videos,
other sites, a blog, etc. After the website was built, students were required to share this with fellow
professionals for feedback and integrate that into their reflections on the project..
Lifespan
Development
and Learning
The course project for Life-Span Development and Learning was designed to provide students an
opportunity for hands –on application of course concepts through interaction on a project with a person
in a designated life-span stage. Students conducted research with at least five members of the chosen
life –span stage to determine needs for that age group. Informed consent was attained from these
participants. Students then developed a web-site page to address that issue and received feedback on the
webpage from the five participants from the initial research. The results from the initial research and
from the final feedback were included with the student’s reflections at the end of the project.
Theories &
Techniques
of Counseling
As research indicates that most people have needs for improvement in areas of their health and wellness,
that was the focus of this course project. Students integrated a selected theoretical approach and
techniques from that approach to work with a volunteer of an age of their choice to assess current
healthy lifestyle habits, plan goals and activities to strengthen those habits, and then conduct six sessions
with the volunteer to practice course concepts in helping the volunteer attain improvement in the
selected health and wellness area of focus. . Informed consent was attained from these participants, to
include caregiver consent if the volunteer was a minor. This work was recorded in a journal that the
course student and the volunteer completed together. At the end of the project, the journal was
submitted with the student reflections on the levels of service learning.
Counseling
Children
& Adolescents
As research indicates that children of today have significant health issues that could impact their
longevity as compared to previous generations (http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm),
that was the focus of this course project. Students integrated a selected theoretical approach and
techniques from that approach to work with a child or adolescent to assess current healthy lifestyle
habits, plan goals and activities to strengthen those habits, and then conduct six sessions with the
volunteer to practice course concepts in helping the volunteer attain improvement in the selected health
and wellness area of focus. . Informed consent was attained from these participants with consent from
the caregiver and assent from the volunteer youth. This work was recorded in a journal that the course
student and the volunteer completed together. At the end of the project, the journal was submitted with
the student reflections on the levels of service learning.
Counseling The CulturalImmersion experience required student service in an identified cultural context versus a
4. Enhancement Of Student Preparation For Global Service
www.ijhssi.org 85 | Page
Multicultural
Populations
student bringing elements of an identified cultural context into the student’s sphere of familiarity.
Students could focus their experience on any of a number of cultural identity factors such as race,
ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, etc. While time parameters of this experience varied,the overall
experience designed by the student was to be be sustained and on-going, ideally involving an extended
duration over multiple weeks, with most experiences including several hours a day for several days.
Some students also integrated actual residence in their selected setting for a period of time to facilitate a
more full understanding ofthe culture and local needs.
IV. RESULTS OF STUDY
Results of this qualitative study affirmed efficacy of the use of Service Learning and Problem Based
Learning to support integration of course concepts into real life application. These results were assessed
through student reflections on the three level of service learning and through feedback from volunteers with
whom students worked, interviewed, or attained feedback on the completed project. Results included
internalized student growth in awareness of self as change agent, increased understanding of course constructs,
and commitment to advocacy for needs Results also indicated evidence of external positive impact on the issues
of service. As the actual reflections of 536 students would take up to much space in this paper, some student
responses and collective project results are shared below in the common themes of the results. These responses
were selected as representative of all student reflections received.
Awareness of Self as Change Agent
This experience reminded me that while I may only be working as a school counselor at one school, my
daily impact on students and their families may result in years of support in the future.
I have a better understanding on adolescents’ transition into early adulthood now that I have done this
project. I discovered various ways to encourage and guide them to a better future. The experience I gained by
doing this project will help me in my future of counseling. I feel like I am more prepared to help teenagers
discover what they need to do in regards to their future.
I am in an excellent position to help begin this change toward improved self image for youth. As a result of
this project, I have decided I am going to give each of my cheerleaders a positive note each week after the game. It
will be a note to encourage them and to help them realize the important aspects of life, which is not the number on
the scale. As a teacher, I will also strive to build the confidence of my students, their views towards math and their
selves. I will be more conscious of how I speak to them and how I treat them. Some students simply need someone
to care about them, and I intend to strive to be that person.
Increased Understanding of Course Concepts
(From course on Professional Orientation) This learning complements what I have learned in this class.
My research and learning have also shown that having professionalism in the workplace is important as well as
following the code of ethics. These are both essential as a future school counselor.
(From course on Multicultural Counseling) As much as I do not wantto admit this, I did have some
stereotypical visions of the elderly population. I have elderly family members, but all of mine have always lived
in their own home or with other family members. I was unaware of the culture of retirement centers and nursing
homes. As my stereotypes played out in my mind I assumed it would be a dull place, very drab in color, full of
wheelchairs and reeking of old people and their terrible musky cologne. As shocked as I was, this was not the
case. The retirement center was very colorful, full of action and activities and pretty much run by the residents.
If they wanted something, it would happen. They want to Polka Dance on Saturday? The staff either finds
somewhere to take them or finds a band to come in and play for them. They want to learn to use an
iPAD to FaceTime their grandkids? The staff finds someone to teach them. Almost everything I imagined about
the retirement community was false. I will volunteer my time to go to this retirement community to help with
residents.
(On work with addictions) I thought that I would leave this immersion experience more confused about
addiction than when I went in, but I learned more than I ever thought I could. I learned that it is not that addicts
do not want to quit, they just do not know how. Treatment helps addicts learn valuable tools for recovery and it
is important that addicts stay on track with their recovery. I met people that I would have never thought would
be addicted to drugs. Addicts are just like you and me. Some havegood lives and families, some do not, but they
are all striving for the same goal, to have theirlife back.
Initially, I thought my research would just provide me with more information on knowledge I already
acquired. I was thrilled to not only strengthen my previous knowledge but to gain more.
Commitment to Advocacy for Needs
(On the need for individual initiative in school counselors) Initiative has to begin by having the ability to
say “I Can”. Without initiative in this world, we would not have or know a lot of things. If we do not push ourselves to
have initiative or continue to teach others to take initiative, our world will fall to pieces very quickly. Initiative is
5. Enhancement Of Student Preparation For Global Service
www.ijhssi.org 86 | Page
something we have to instill in our kids daily. Combining initiative with ethical standards together only makes a person
stronger and wiser, no matter what the profession may be. Taking initiative to follow ethical standards and gain more
knowledge, will only make me grow more consistent and professional every day. My attitude has grown to be more
positive towards school counseling and towards myself and learning. I’m ready to begin my journey to being a school
counselor.
(On working with children) This alters my future by giving me an even more positive outlook on
shaping my future children and being a strong system of support and motivation for my age group and others. I
empathize with those who are less fortunate and don’t show concern for their livelihood and satisfaction of life;
this means there is a lack of support and motivation. As far as my career goes, physical therapy involves being
supportive and motivational to others. Therapy provides treatment and relief in many capacities. Motivation and
support plays a major role in an individual’s success rate and happiness.
(Also on working with children) Through this project, I have learned that I have ignored some of the
issues my children may be experiencing at school. I have now gained more empathy on these issues since doing this
project. I will now actively and openly communicate with my children and those I may work with about these issues.
After spending twenty hours immersed in learning more about the trials and tribulations of thehomeless
in my community, I am heartbroken and hopeful. I am heartbroken to hear of themany stories behind homeless
families, and hopeful that I can now make a difference in the livesof homeless students and families in the
valley. Until we take the time to hear the background ofwhy someone is homeless, we must not judge. While I
was disappointed to see public assistancebeing abused by addicts, I was pleased to see that there are resources
available for those whotruly need them. I have a much clearer understanding as to why homeless students are
oftentired, hungry, angry, and cannot focus at school. I also feel like I am more aware of theresources available
in my county, as well as how to go about obtaining those resources to better aid homeless students and their
families. I have been moved and enlightened by thisexperience, and I feel I have a better overall picture of
homelessness in my county.
External Positive Impact on Issues of Service
Results from the two courses that addressed volunteer wellness needs during a spring semester
included both weight loss and increase of health behavior to prevent obesity. The total weight loss over the six
weeks of intervention and mentoring was 129 pounds for 14 participants. Two graduate students reported that
the project encouraged them to also work on their weight and these two students together lost 18 pounds.
Through their weekly journals, participants reported increase in regular exercise, increase in consumption of
water, fruits, and vegetables, and increase in management of stress such as dealing with conflicts and use of
meditation or yoga. Participants reported decrease in consumption of sodas and snacks.
(On financial management by adults) The issue of finances for adults has several underlying factors, but a
main one I found while doing my studies was debt. Massive amounts of debt are causing a lot of stress and burden
upon many early adults. School loans for young adults are becoming one of the biggest issues in today’s society.
Large amounts of money are being spent on school and often times the job after college doesn’t make large amounts
and individuals are stuck paying on loans for several years. Another big issue is that individuals are spending way
more than they have. Credit cards are creating debt that ends up handcuffing adults that could possibly take them
years to recover from. A solution would be to raise the credit card age limit, in hopes to cut down on the
irresponsible and thoughtless spending. Another option I thought of was to start with financial education courses in
high school and into college that are mandatory for students. Education and early financial planning could be
extremely beneficial in keeping early adults from debt and other financial issues. Since doing my studies, I have
since sat down and made my own financial plan. I have set a goal and made the steps necessary in order to meet that
goal. I look forward to hopefully living a more financially secure, less stressful life.
V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
Economic considerations and needs of a global society dictate a need for university graduates to move
from academia into work and service that makes a difference to resolve needs and promote viable world,
national, and individual economy. Traditional classwork in academia has focused on learning course content in
isolation within a brick and mortar classroom or an online learning management system. Upon post degree
employment, university graduates have found a dichotomy between what was learned and what was practiced in
the real-world. This study examined integration of Service/Problem-Based Learning as a modality to increase
student exposure to real-world needs that matched their academic preparation. Student reflections indicated that
their projects increased awareness of real world needs and their role in meeting those needs to an extent that
could not be attained through just “book-learning.” The study supported increased need for courses to help
students to learn by doing. Student reflections also indicated a depth of personal commitment to contribute
time and effort toward issue resolution, even through personal volunteerism.
6. Enhancement Of Student Preparation For Global Service
www.ijhssi.org 87 | Page
Continuing research is needed on efficacy of integration of Service/Problem-Based Learning within
academic preparation of students to actively contribute to the world they live in as they graduate. This
integration can promote student personal growth, can promote student preparation toward better meeting the
needs of a global work force, and can contribute more effort and commitment to resolution of societal issues of
need. As students connect with others to serve diverse needs, they will increase in efficacy to serve diversely.
Students will not only learn and be, but will also learn and do.
REFERENCES
[1]. CACREP,Standards for accreditation. (Alexandria, VA: Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational
Programs, 2016).
[2]. J. Eyler, Reflection: Linking Service Learning-Linking Students and Communities. Journal of SocialIssues, 58 (3), 2002, 517-534.
[3]. U. S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census Bureau’s U.S. and world population clock. (http://www.census.gov/popclock, 2016).
[4]. G. Henderson, Race in America. National Forum,80(2),2002, 12-15.
[5]. P. Felten andP. H. Clayton, Service learning. In New directions for teaching& learning, 128, 2011, 75-84
[6]. N. BrooksandR. Schramm, Integrating economic research, education, and service. Journal of Economic Education, 1,2007 36– 43.
[7]. A. A. Tawfik, R.J. Trueman, and M.M.Lorz, Engaging non-scientists in STEM through problem-based learning and service
learning. The Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 8(2),2014, 1-10.
[8]. R. L. Lee, Experience is a good teacher: Integrating service and learning in information systems education. Journal of Educational
Technology & Society, 23 (2),2012, 165-177.
[9]. S. R. Furr andB. Barret, Teaching group counseling skills: Problems and Solutions. Counselor Education & Supervision, 40
(2),2000, 94-104.
[10]. V. Sveikauskas, L. Kirikova, and L.Leonas, Pecularities of changes of roles of students and lecturers in implementation of problem-
based learning system. SocialiniaiTurimai/Social Research, 1(11),2008, 85-94.
[11]. L. K. Michaelsenand M. Sweet, The essential elements of team-based learning. New Directions for Teaching and Learning,
116,,2008, 7-27.
[12]. R. McMenamin, M. McGraath, P. Cantillon, and A. Mac Farlane, Training socially responsive health care graduates: Is service
learning an effective educational approach? Medical Teacher, 36, 2014, 291-307.
[13]. Teaching Across Generations,Teaching across generations (Flint, MI: Baker College Effective Teaching and Learning Department,
2004).
[14]. J. Seccombeand C. Stewart, Motivation for self-directed learning: Student Perspectives. Kai Tiaki Nursing Research,5(1), 2014,
21-24.
[15]. J. Zarestky, Escaping preconceived notions. Adult Learning.27(2),2016,84-86.
[16]. C.K. Sigelman, and E.A. Rider, Life-span human development, (8th ed.)(Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2014).
[17]. J. Santrock, Life-span development. (15th ed.). (Boston: McGraw-Hill Publishers, 2015).