The document discusses modal verbs, which are a type of auxiliary verb that express degrees of possibility, necessity, obligation, and permission. It covers various modal verbs like can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, and ought to, along with their meanings and examples in different contexts. Understanding these verbs is essential for effective communication in English.

1. NAME – SHANVI MAHAJAN
CLASS-9
SECTION- D
SUBJECT- ENGLISH

2. INTRODUCTION TO MODAL VERBS
Modal verbs are a special class of auxiliary verbs that express different
degrees of possibility, necessity, obligation, and permission.
Understanding how to use modal verbs is crucial for clear and effective
• communication in English.

3. DEFINITION OF MODAL VERBS
Auxiliary Verbs
Modal verbs are a type of auxiliary verb that combine with a main verb to
express mood or attitude
2 Expresses Modality
They convey the speaker’s judgment, opinion, or attitude about the
• likelihood, permission, or necessity of the action expressed by the main verb

4. Diverse Meanings
• Modal verbs have a wide range of meanings, including ability, possibility,
permission, obligation and more .

5. EXPRESSING ABILITY ; CAN,COULD
Can
Expresses present ability or skill.
• E.g. I can speak three languages.
•
• could
• Expresses past ability or potential.
• E.g. When I was younger, I could run a mile in 5

6. EXPRESSING PERMISSION: MAY, MIGHT
• May
• Expresses formal or official permission.
• E.g. You may leave the classroom now.
• Might
• Expresses tentative or uncertain permission
• E.g. You might be able to go to the party
• if you finish your homework first.

7. EXPRESSING OBLIGATION: SHALL, SHOULD, MUST,
OUGHT TO
Shall/should
Expresses strong obligation or expectation.
Must
Expresses necessity or an absolute requirement.
Ought to
• Expresses moral obligation or what is the right thing to do.

8. EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY: MAY, MIGHT, COULD
May, might
Expresses uncertain or tentative possibility.
E.g. It may rain later today. You might be able to
finish the project on time.
could
Expresses a weaker form of possibility.
• E.g. The weather could be nice this weekend.

9. EXPRESSING NECESSITY: MUST, HAVE TO
Must
Expresses a strong personal obligation and or
necessity .
Have to
Expresses an external or impersonal obligation.