(credit to the sources of information which are not included in the presentation)

1. THE FOX AND THE CROW
AESOP’S FABLE
A Fox once saw a Crow
fly off with a piece of
cheese in its beak
and settle on a
branch of a tree.

2. "That's for me, as I am
a Fox," said Master
Reynard, and he
walked up to the foot
of the tree.

3. "Good day, Mistress Crow," he
cried. "How well you are looking
today: how glossy your feathers;
how bright your eye. I feel sure
your voice must surpass that of
other birds, just as your figure
does; let me hear but one song
from you that I may greet you as
the Queen of Birds."

4. The Crow lifted up her head
and began to caw her best,
but the moment she
opened her mouth the
piece of cheese fell to the
ground, only to be snapped
up by Master Fox.

5. "That will do," said he.
"That was all I wanted.
In exchange for your
cheese I will give you a
piece of advice for the
future: "Do not trust
flatterers."

6. 1.What can you say
about the given text?
2.Did you understand
the message of the
given text?

7. 3. What is it all about?
4. How is the text
being written or being
developed?

8. There are different
methods that
writers use to
present their ideas
in a paragraph.

9. They can make use
of storytelling .
(narrative)

10. They can arrange
the details by using
factual evidences
(expository).

11. They can use text
types that can
influence or
persuade others
(Persuasive)

12. They can retell
events which have
already happened
in time order
(Recount).

13. DIFFERENT TEXT TYPES
A text is a form of spoken,
written or visual
communication which is to
convey meaning to an
audience. A text could be –
factual, literary, visual,
media and everyday texts.

14. Texts include – novels, poems,
newspaper articles, films,
reviews, jokes, cartoons,
comic strips, advertisements,
emails, scripts, diaries,
letters, paintings, posters,
photographs, brochures and
autobiographies.

15. The choice of words in
a written text enables
the writer to
introduce certain
attitudes and
feelings.

16. ‗Genre‘ is a French word
that means kind or
type. All literary texts
can be categorized into
different genres –
fantasy, crime,
romance, horror and
Sci-Fi.

17. There are traditionally
four different types of
discourse, namely
argument, narration,
description, and
exposition.

18. Writing is done for a
number of different
purposes and for
different audiences.
These different forms of
writing are often known
as text types at school.

19. Narrative text type -
Based on perception in
time. Narration is the
telling of a story; the
succession of events is
given in chronological
order.

20. Purpose
The basic purpose of narrative is
to entertain, to gain and hold a
readers' interest. However
narratives can also be written to
teach or inform, to change
attitudes / social opinions e.g.
soap operas and television
dramas that are used to raise
topical issues.

21. The main goal of narrative
writing or speaking is usually
to tell a story, often in order
to make the audience feel
differently about a certain
topic. Narratives might take
the form of a play, novel, folk
tale, memoir, or myth.

22. The common structure
or basic plan of
narrative text is
known as the "story
grammar".

23. Elements of Narrative Text
1. Setting — when and
where the story occurs.
2. Characters — the most
important people or
characters in the story.

24. 3. Initiating event — an
action or occurrence that
establishes a problem
and/or goal.
4. Conflict/goal — the focal
point around which the
whole story is organized.

25. 5. Events — one or more
attempts by the main
character(s) to achieve the
goal or solve the problem.
6. Resolution — the
outcome of the attempts to
achieve the goal

26. Types of Narrative
There are many types of
narrative. They can be
imaginary, factual or a
combination of both.

27. They may include fairy stories,
mysteries, science fiction,
romances, horror stories,
adventure stories, fables,
myths and legends, historical
narratives, ballads, slice of
life, personal experience.

28. When there is plan for writing
narrative texts, the focus
should be on the following
characteristics:
Plot: What is going to happen?
Setting: Where will the story
take place? When will the
story take place?

29. Characterization: Who are the main
characters? What do they look like?
Structure: How will the story begin?
What will be the problem? How is
the problem going to be resolved?
Theme: What is the theme / message
the writer is attempting to
communicate?

30. HOW PARAŃAQUE GOT ITS NAME
Old Legends are like
vintage wine. The passing of
the years merely adds to their
flavour. Parańaque, the
largest town of Rizal, has a
beautiful legend about how
the town was named.

31. When the Philippines was
conquered by the Spaniards,
some soldiers riding a horse-
drawn carriage asked to be
taken to a certain place.
However, the coachman did
not understand the Spanish
soldier‘s pronunciation.

32. When they arrived, one of the soldiers
said, “Para aqui, Para aqui” meaning, ―Stop
here, stop here.‖ The coachman did not
understand and kept going whereas the
soldier also repeated his instruction, ―Para
aqui, Para aqui‖. The coachman left the
carriage and told the townspeople that,
―These Spaniards are repeatedly saying para
aniya ake… para aniya ake‖ to which the
townspeople just laughed. The incident
circulated and was repeated around for days
and the term Para Aniya Ake stuck.