The document discusses the key elements of crafting a story. It defines what a story is and lists different types of stories according to dictionaries. It then explains the generic structure of narratives with elements like orientation, complication and resolution. The rest of the document provides guidance on how to make a good story, including choosing a theme, developing characters, using descriptive details, incorporating conflict and using appropriate tenses. It also defines terms like theme and epilogue.

1. STORY
Presented by
Kelvin Layana
Kevin Michael
Laurenzia Ayu
Madeleine Agustina

2. 1. What is a story?
What does the dictionary say?
1. a factual or fictional narrative
2. a short fictional prose piece
3. a plot of fiction or drama
4. an account of facts
5. a falsehood
6. a news report
7. a legend or romance

3. 1. What is a story?
A story is a series of
events, either true or
fictional, in such a way
that the listener
experiences or learns
something just by the fact
that he heard the story. A
story is a means of
transferring information,
experience, attitude or
point of view. Every story
has a teller and a listener.

4. 2. What kind of text is a story?
The kind of “Beauty and The Beast” is Narrative
Text

5. 3. What types of story in the
text number 2?
1. Adventure story : A story of an adventure
2. Anecdote: originally, an anecdote was a little-known, entertaining facts of history
or biography; now, a short, often entertaining account of some happening,
usually personal or biographical
3. Comedy : originally, a drama or narrative with a happy ending or nontragic
theme, for example Dante‘s Divine Comedy; more recently, any of various types
of play or motion picture with a more or less humorous treatment of characters
and situation and a happy ending
4. Crime story : A story of an criminal
5. Chronicle: a historical record or register of facts or events arranged in the order in
which they happened.
6. Detective story : A story hinging on the solving of a crime
7. Drama: a literary composition that tells a story, usually of human conflict, by
means of dialogue and action, to be performed by actors; play; now often any
play that is not a comedy

6. 3. What types of story in the
text number 2?
8. Epic : a long narrative poem in a dignified style about the deeds of a
traditional or historical hero or heroes
9. Exemplum : Example of story
10. Fable : a fictitious story meant to teach a moral lesson: the characters are
usually talking animals
11. Farce : an exaggerated comedy based on broadly humorous or highly unlikely
situations
12. Fairy tale : A simple children’s story about magical creatures
13. Fantasy : Genre of fiction story that uses magic
14. Fish story : A story that is so strange or surprising that it seems very unlikely
to be true
15. Folk tale : A story or legend forming part of an oral tradition
16. Ghost story : A story about ghosts
17. Hearsay: something one has heard but does not know to be true.
18. Joke: anything said or done to arouse laughter; such as a funny anecdote with
a punch line or an amusing trick played on someone

7. 3. What types of story in the
text number 2?
19. Legend : a story handed down for generations among a people and popularly
believed to have a historical basis, although not verifiable
20. Myth : a traditional story of unknown authorship, ostensibly with a historical
basis, but serving usually to explain some phenomenon of nature, the origin
of man, or the customs, institutions, religious rites of a people: myths usually
involve the exploits of gods and heroes.
21. News: new information about anything; information previously unknown; or
reports, collectively, of recent happenings, especially. those broadcast over
radio or TV, printed in a newspaper
22. Novella : a relatively long fictional prose narrative with a more or less
complex plot or pattern of events, about actions, feelings, motives, of a
group of characters
23. Parable : short, simple story, usually of an occurrence of a familiar kind, from
which a moral or religious lesson may be drawn
24. Parody : a literary or musical work imitating the characteristic style of some
other work or of a writer or composer in a satirical or humorous way, usually
by applying it to an inappropriate subject
25. Report: to give an account of, often at regular intervals; give information
about (something seen, done).

8. 3. What types of story in the
text number 2?
26. Rumor: general talk not based on definite knowledge; mere gossip; hearsay;
an unconfirmed report, story, or statement in general circulation
27. Short story : a fictitious literary composition in prose or poetry, shorter than a
novel; narrative; tale.
28. Saga : A narrative telling the adventure of a hero or a family
29. Satire : a literary work in which vices, follies, stupidities or abuses, are held
up to ridicule and contempt.
30. Tale : something told or related; relation or a recital of happenings; or a story
or account of true, legendary, or fictitious events; narrative; or a literary
composition in narrative form
31. Thriller : A suspensful adventure story or play or movie
32. Tragedy : a serious play or drama typically dealing with the problems of a
central character, leading to an unhappy or disastrous ending brought on, as
in ancient drama, by fate and a tragic flaw in this character, or, in modern
drama, usually by moral weakness, psychological maladjustment, or social
pressures (often seen as requiring catharsis, and a tragic flaw.

9. 4. What is generic structure
from the text number 2?
1. Orientation: It is about the opening paragraph where the
characters of the story are introduced
2. Complication: Where the problems in the story
developed.
3. Resolution: Where the problems in the story is solved.
Sometimes the arrangement (generic structure) of
narrative text can contain: Orientation, Complication,
Evaluation, Resolution and Reorientation. Although the
“Evaluation” and”Reorientation” is optional; may be
added, and could not. Evaluation provides assessment
/evaluation of the course of the story or conflict. While
Reorientation contains content inference ending.

10. 5. How to make good Story?
1. Choose THEME of story

11. 5. How to make good Story?
2.Get inspired/idea by reading book/short stories,
writing exercise, story you heard, experiences,
etc

12. 5. How to make good Story?
3. Using the five senses (sight, smell, taste,
feel, and sound)
• A good setting helps the
reader visualize the places in
the story.
• A good author includes
descriptions of the setting
using the five senses…

13. Take a Look…Which is better?
The castle
was beside
the water.
The waves crashed loudly against the shoreline. The fog lifted
lightly and the medieval castle came into view. It was a beautiful
site! The fog brushed my face and I could smell the smoke from
the fire in the distance and taste the sea salt on my lips.
OR…

14. 5. How to make good Story?
4. Embrace idiosyncrasies. That is
Characteristic.

15. Every story needs
Characters…
People Animals Or Creatures
From CHARACTER we can make them
laugh/cry/afraid/etc like they have to be actor
in that story

16. The protagonist is the
“good guy”

17. The antagonist is the
“bad guy” or force

18. Character Traits
Character Traits are descriptive adjectives that tell us specific
qualities of a character
•Honest
•Light-hearted
•Leader
•Expert
•Brave
•Conceited
•Mischievous
•Demanding
•Thoughtful
•Keen
•Happy
•Disagreeable
•Simple
•Fancy
•Plain
•Excited
•Studious
•Inventive
•Creative
•Thrilling
•Independent
•Intelligent
•Compassionate
•Gentle
•Proud
•Wild
•Messy
•Neat
•Joyful
•Strong
•Bright
•Courageous
•Serious
•Funny
•Humorous
•Sad
•Poor
•Rich
•Tall
•Dark
•Light
•Handsome
•Pretty
•Ugly
•Selfish
•Unselfish
•Self-confident
•Respectful
•Considerate
•Imaginative
•Busy
•Patriotic
•Fun-loving
•Popular
•Successful
•Responsible
•Lazy
•Dreamer
•Helpful
•Simple-
minded
•Humble
•Friendly
•Short
•Adventurous
•Hard-working
•Timid
•Shy
•Bold
•Daring
•Dainty
•Pitiful
•Cooperative
•Lovable
•Prim
•Proper
•Ambitious
•Able
•Quiet
•Curious
•Reserved
•Pleasing
•Bossy
•Witty
•Fighter
•Tireless
•Energetic
•Cheerful
•Smart
•Impulsive
•Loyal

19. 5. How to make good Story?
5. Use Special techniques of plot
Suspense-tension
Flashback- interrupts the normal sequence of events
to tell about something that happened in the past
Surprise Ending- conclusion that reader does not
expect
And…Foreshadowing… (A hint about what will happen
next )

20. 5. How to make good Story?
6. Make a EXTRAORDINARY CONFLICT
Conflict is the struggle between two
forces in a story. Without conflict,
there is no plot.

21. Types Of Conflict
1.Character vs. Character
(problem with another character)
3. Character vs. Society
(problem with the laws or beliefs of a group)
(character vs. community, society or culture)
2. Character vs. Nature
(problem with force of nature)
4. Character vs. Self
(problem with deciding what to
do or think; “inner conflict”)

22. 6. What tenses do you use to
make story?
We use PAST TENSES and PRESENT TENSES to make story.
Pattern
1.SIMPLE PAST => S + V2
2.SIMPLE PRESENT => S + V1
3.PAST CONTINUOUS => S + WAS/WERE + V2
4.PAST PERFECT => S + HAD + V3

23. 6. What tenses do you use to
make story?
1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
 Tell HABIT in the past
 Tell event in the past
 Example :
- Michael always sang when he walked.
- Susan woke up at 06.00 AM in the morning.

24. 6. What tenses do you use to
make story?
2. PAST CONTINUOUS
 Tell action that happen in the past
 Example
- When Mary went to school, her father was
going to office.

25. 6. What tenses do you use to
make story?
3. PAST PERFECT TENSE
 Tell action that finished earlier before other
action in the past
 Example :
- Mary went to school after he had eaten
breakfast

26. 7. What is theme and epilogue?
Theme:
The story’s main idea.
The message writer wants to
communicate by telling the story.
The central idea of a story.
For example:
Freedom, Friendship, Trust, Good vs.
Evil, Education, Life, Law, Bravery
And much, much more
Epilogue :
 A piece
writing at the
end of story,
usually used to
bring closure of
story.

27. 8. What are three best of your
stories?
There are :
1.Toba Lake
2.Beauty and A Beast
3.Malin Kundang

28. 9. What are the types of a story?
1. Toba Lake => Legend
2. Beauty and A Beast => Fairy Tale
3. Malin Kundang => Folk Tale

29. 10. What are time connectives
and conjunction used in a story?
Time connectives used
to make story coherent.
Time connectives will
make our story arranged
in chronological order.
These are time
connectivie
s used
when we
write a
story :
 Once upon
a time
 One day
 After that
 Before
 After
 Eventually
 Before
 Then
 Next
 Meanwhile
 While
 When
 Finally
 Suddenly
 Now
 Consequently
 etc

30. 10. What are time connectives
and conjunction used in a story?
Conjunction is a word
that are used to
connect phrases,
clauses, and sentences
Example :
 And
 Because
 Even though
 Untill
 Although
 Except
 If
 Than
 That ,etc