ENGLISH 2960Project #2Ethics in the Workplace A Critical Anal.docx

ENGLISH 2960
Project #2
Ethics in the Workplace: A Critical Analysis of the film
Glengarry GlenRoss
*Analysis: is a process of breaking down something complex
into simpler elements that will make it more understandable.
*Critical Analysis: an analysis with an argumentative and
evaluative edge (the writer is attempting to persuade the reader
of something).
For Project #2 you will apply the notion of “ethics in the
workplace” to the film Glengarry GlenRoss. Further, you will
write a Critical Analysis of one aspect of the movie. The
direction in which you take this analysis (the aspect of the film
which you analyze) is entirely up to you. I do suggest that you
focus on one particular scenario (your choice) from the film that
depicts an instance of unethical behavior in the workplace.
Keep in mind your reading of Chapter 1, and on the below
definitions of Kant's Categorical Imperative, Utilitarianism, and
Ethical Relativism. I would like for you to somehow apply one
of these below principles to your analysis. Length: 3 pages,
typed, double-spaced.
1. Kant's Categorical Imperative:
The most fundamental of all the liberal principles handed down
to us from the Enlightenment and the very cornerstone of our
civilization is the "categorical imperative" of Immanuel Kant:
namely, that one cannot act on that maxim which one cannot
will to be universal. In other words, if it's OK for me to do it, it
has to be OK for everybody to do it. If it's not OK for
everybody to do it, then it's not OK for me to do it either. This
principle is so deeply ingrained in us, along with the contempt
we feel for what we call "hypocrisy" when people violate it, that
we take it for granted.

2. Utilitarianism:
A doctrine that “the useful is the good,” and that the
determining consideration of right conduct should be the
usefulness of its consequences. Specifically – a theory that the
aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure
over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number.
3.Ethical Relativism:
In ethics,the belief that nothing is objectively right or wrong
and that the definition of right or wrong depends on the
prevailing view of a particular individual, culture, or historical
period.
_____________________________________________________
_
As you work, keep these strategies in mind:
1.) Zero in on key elements (relevant to your overall topic).
2.) View the film through a critical lens. (How are you watching
and understanding this film? Through ‘political’ eyes? Through
‘social’ eyes? Through ‘psychoanalytical’ eyes?)
3.) Compare the film to something similar. (Have you read
about, seen, heard of something that reminds you of the content
of this film? Does something inform how you understand this
film?)
*Remember: For most analyses, you will utilize/use a
combination of the above 3 approaches.
University of Phoenix Material
Proposal Worksheet
Each team member will pick an article for this worksheet.
Replicate these set of questions for each team member for this
worksheet.

Team member name: Kevin Hwang
Citation of article: Hely, J. M., Jamieson, G. A., & Dunstan, D.
(2011). Smoking Cessation: A Combined Cognitive Behavioural
Therapy and Hypnotherapy Self-Help Treatment
Protocol. Australian Journal of Clinical & Experimental
Hypnosis, 39(2), 196–227. Retrieved from https://search-
ebscohost-
com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h
&AN=95317811&site=ehost-live&scope=site
1. What is the author’s goal?
The author’s goal with this article was to show the efficacy of
combining two forms of therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
and Hypnotherapy, to help individuals to reduce cigarette intake
and/or achieve cessation of smoking.
2. What questions remain unanswered?
The question that still remains unanswered is if whether or not
hypnosis alone can help decrease a smoker’s urge to smoke.
3. If I had to design an experiment to test this hypothesis, what
would I do?
If I had to design an experiment to test this hypothesis, I would
have 3 separate groups. The first group would only be subject to
CBT, while the second group would be subject only to
Hypnotherapy. The third group would get the combined efforts
of both types of therapy.
4. What are the independent, dependent, and control variables?
The independent variable would be the type of therapy that is

being administered to the group, CBT and hypnotherarpy. The
dependant variable would be amount of cigarettes smoked
during the experiment. The control variables would be amount
of therapies that the subjects would have to undergo.
Team member name:Julie Brandenburg
Citation of article: Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation
(Review)
2010The Cochrane Collaboration1-41
Barnes J, Dong CY, McRobbie H, Walker
N, Mehta M, Stead LF
The objective of this article is to figure out if hypnosis can be
just as effective or even have a greater effect on quitting
smoking over a six month period. The hypnosis would be
compared to other interventions and verses no treatment.
Would there be a difference in the results if the individuals
were looked at from a class perspective? Would someone who
was poor have the same success rate as someone who had an
open checkbook?
would I do?
Not only would I have chosen individuals that wanted to quit
smoking and had smoked for years. I would’ve also collected
the same number of women verse men and the same number of
poor versus the wealthy. My objective would be to see if it’s

easier for men or women to quit with this process. Also, if
someone has the funds to invest in the hypnosis more than once
would the results differ. Compared to a poor individual that
wouldn’t have the funds to follow up with more sessions
The independent variable would be the type of therapy that was
used within the group study which was the hypnosis. The
dependent would be the number of cigarettes that the
individuals smoked during the study period. The control
variable would be the number of therapy sessions that followed
the hypnosis session or if there was more than one hypnosis
session.
Team member name: Patrice Scope
Citation of article: Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K.
C. (2003). Addiction. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 25-53
The authors’ goal for this particular article was to examine the
various theories about how drugs affect our psychological
pathways and later turns into addictions. One of the proposed
theories is a type of dysfunction on our frontol cortical systems
which usually control decision making and ultimately lead to
the compulsive behavior of an addiction.
Does NAcc-related circuitry play a primary role in drug
addictions like drug sensitization?

would I do?
Hypothesis: The system NAcc-related circuitry does play a
major role in drug addiction while drug sensitization plays a
secondary role. To test this hypothesis, I would run various
tests on drug dependent individuals (preferably, the same drug)
and compare the results of the NAcc-related system to drug
sensitization. The number of Dopamine receptors in the NAcc
will be measured for the results.
The independent variable would be the amount of drug. For
example, the experiment could be set up on a scale with how
many usages the individual partake in on a daily basis. The
dependent variable would be the number of Dopamine receptors
that is found in the NAcc. The control group would be a group
of individuals that do not partake in drugs
Team member name:Zenobia J. Bostic
Citation of article:Riegel, B. Tonnies, S. (2011). Hypnosis for
smoking cessation: The Effectiveness of some basic principles
of hypnotherapy without using formal trace--- A Case Study.
Journal Of Smoking Cessation, 6 (2), 83 – 84.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/10.1375/jsc.6.2.
83
The author’s goal to highlight some insight on some
intervention strategies when using the basic principles of
hypnotherapy.

How deep is the roots of the mental addiction of the
subconscious mind(thoughts)?
would I do?
I would try to design an experiment to test “How to tap into an
individual subconscious to gain knowledge of how the addiction
started and what strategies from hypotherapy will connect with
the habits or behavior to help them quit without the triggers.
The independent variable was the choosing hypnosis with a high
expectation of success. Dependent variable Mr. D a regular
smoker for about 45 years tried to quit several times in those
years. He had never stayed abstinent for more than one month.
The control variable would be his motivation to quit, he spoke
about the growing loneliness of smokers in today’s society.
Team member name: Jennifer Ross
Citation of article: Timothy P. Carmosy, Carol Duncan, Joel A.
Simons, Sharon Solkowitz, Joy Huggins, Sharon Lee, Kevin
Delucchi; Hypnosis for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized
Trial, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume10, Issue 5, 1 May
2008, Pages 811-818,https://doi-
org.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/10.1080/14622200802023833
The goal of this article was to determine whether hypnosis is
more effective in helping smokers quit then just regular

behavior counseling.
The question I have is does hypnosis alone help smokers quit.
would I do?
I would set up different test subjects. Some with just hypnosis,
and the same number getting both behavior couseling and
hypnosis. I would see the status of all groups in 7 to 10 10 days
then again at 3 months, 6 months, 9 month, and one year.
independent variable is behavioral counciling, dependent is
hypnosis only group, control would be hypnosis.
After reviewing each team member’s submission, answer the
following questions as a team:
1. What is your research question?
How can hypnosis help smokers decrease their urge to smoke?
2. What is your hypothesis?
Since studies show that hypnosis can be used to
alter automatic mental processes, individuals who undergo
hypnotherapy will see a decrease in urge to smoke.
1

3
Methods PaperLearning Team APSY/335
February 4th, 2019
Brian Claybrook
Methods Paper
As previously discussed during our proposal assignment in
Week Two, the area of research we chose to focus on revolves
around question and hypothesis of whether or not hypnosis
could help smokers decrease their urge to smoke. In this paper,
we will discuss our sampling methods, the type of statistics,
descriptive or inferential, we will use, definitions of our
variables, and how we will operationalize said variables. The
purpose of this Methods Paper is so that we, as a team, can
show how to properly set up and execute a research study.
Sampling Method
The sampling method that we choose to go with was the
stratified sampling method. A stratified sampling method refers
to a methodology where researchers divide a total population
into smaller groups known as strata. According to The
Economic Times (2019), “strata are formed based on some
common characteristics in the population data.” After the
population is divided into strata, the researchers would then
randomly select the sample from each group. In 2016, it was
determined that 37.8 million Americans smoke in the United
States. Since our team wanted to get a sample that gave us true
and unbiased data without having a humongous group, we
decided to take a look at the nation’s smoking population.
According to the data collected by the CDC from a survey
conducted in 2016, there were more men than women smokers,
by four percent. Thus, we choose to select a hundred adults,
54% men and 46% women. Out of the current number of
smokers, it had been polled that 18% were of the ages 45 to 64,
17% were 25 to 44, and the remain 13% were 18 to 24 years old
(Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 2016). Having this

information, we decided to make strata according to gender as
well as age. From there, we will take samples from each stratum
to create a proportionally random sampling group to test our
hypothesis on.
Descriptive or Inferential Statistics
For this study, our group decided to use inferential statistics.
The reasoning behind this was because inferential statistics
revolves around the concept that the data collected from the
sample will be used to make inferences about the larger
population from which the sample was drawn from (Frost,
2019). In layman’s terms, this means that the data that will be
collected from the research will be used to make a general claim
regarding the subject matter. In the case of our study, depending
on what the study shows, we may say that our findings show us
that the hypnosis may or may not possibly reduce the urge to
smoke in smokers. Since our group will be using a stratified
sampling method, using inferential statistics just made sense
because we are trying to figure out whether or not hypnosis can
work the general populace of smokers.
Variables
A variable can be defined as an element, feature or factor that is
liable to change in quality, quantity, or size as per the
researcher’s needs. When considering an experiment, these
variables must be taken into consideration because they play
specific roles that influence the outcome of said experiment. In
a typical scientific experiment, there are three types of
variables: the independent, dependent, and control/constant
variables. The independent variable is the variable that is
manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is the
variable that researchers observe and measure throughout the
experiment. The control/constant variable, as the name implies,
is the variable that shouldn’t change throughout the entirety of
the experiment. The fourth variable, the extraneous variable or
the extra variables, includes all the extra variables that may

influence the outcome of said experiment. They technically
aren’t really important to the experiment and shouldn’t impact
the final outcome of experiment, but they are things that may
cause errors in the final findings due to the variables being
uncontrollable or what-not. Since our experiment is to
determine whether or not hypnosis can reduce the urge to smoke
in smokers, our variables would include the following: the
smokers/participants and the hypnotherapist/hypnosis. In this
experiment, the participants that receive the hypnotherapy
would be considered the control/constant variable, as this
variable/participant cannot change throughout the entirety of the
experiment. The independent variable would be the
hypnotherapy because this is the variable the researchers would
be introducing into the lives of the smokers/participants. The
dependent variable would be the amount cigarettes smoked by
the participants. The researchers would be observing this
variable to see whether or not if hypnosis, the independent
variable, can reduce the number of cigarettes the participants
smoke.
Operationalize the Variables
Operationalizing variable implies finding quantifiable,
valid index as well as measurable index for the variables. In
short, according to McLeod (2018), “operational variable refers
to how you will define and measure a specific variable as it is
used in your study.” The hypnosis treatment will be measured in
the context of the number of sessions that subjects undergo. We
would calculate how many sessions patients have undergone and
the length of the hypnotherapy sessions. Since our study is see
if whether or not hypnotherapy can reduce the urge in smokers
to smoke, another variable that we would need to define is the
term “reduce”. To quantify “reduce”, we must figure out how
many cigarettes each participant smokes on average in a given
time to be able to determine if hypnotherapy did or didn’t
reduce the smokers urge to smoke. We would also have to keep
not of how many cigarettes each participant smokes during the

length of the experiment. Thus, by defining these operational
variables, we are able to make clear what it is we mean by the
terms as they were studied and measured in our experiment
(McLeod, 2018).
Conclusion
In conclusion, by specifically stating the purpose of our
experiment, our modus operandi, and the intricacies of our
variables, we are able to take the next step in actually going
through with our study. Our Methods Paper is to our experiment
what an outline is to an essay. It gives us a better picture of
what our study may look like before we put our plans into
motion; thus, saving us time and allowing us to preemptively
find errors before they actually happen in our research study.
References
Centers for Disease Control Prevention. (2016). Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_d
ata/cig_smoking/index.htm
Frost, J. (2019). Statistics By Jim. Retrieved from
http://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/descriptive-inferential-
statistics/
The Economic Times(2019). Retrieved from
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/stratified-
sampling
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___________________________________________
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(|_|) organizational site (|_|) online (|_|) private premises (|_|)
public facility (|_|) open access site
(|_|) other (|_|) not applicable
Location
__________________________________________
g) What is the degree or magnitude of risk/stress (physical,
psychological, emotional, legal, financial) to the
human subjects because of their participation in this
study?
(|_|) minimal risk/stress, not greater than encountered in
ordinary daily life/activities or routine tests.
(|_|) greater than minimal risk/stress with potential for
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(|_|) greater than minimal risk/stress with little/no
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(|_|) No (|_|) Yes (specify)
______________________________________
j) Will any aspect of the study take place outside of the

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(|_|) No (|_|) Yes (specify where)
_______________________________________
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_____________________________________________________
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how the identity and privacy of the individual subjects will be
protected. Check any of the following that apply:
a) How will subject identity and data be protected?
(|_|) Subject names will not be used or identified
(|_|) Pseudonyms or numbers will be used instead of
subject names
(|_|) Data will be coded alphanumerically
________________________________________________

b) Will any audio and/or video tape or other recording of
data be done in this study?
(|_|) Yes (|_|) No
c) How long will the study data be kept after study
completion?
(|_|) Three years (please note this is the minimum
required retention time)
(|_|) More than three years
d) Where will the data be stored:
(|_|) In an office or other location at the researcher’s
residence
(|_|) At an office at the researcher’s place of
employment
(|_|) At a third party facility (please specify)
________________________________
______________________________________________
e) How will data be destroyed at the appropriate time?
(|_|) Shredding (|_|) Burning or incineration
(|_|) Smashing (|_|) File Deletion
______________________________________________
f) How will the results of this study be disseminated?
(|_|) Publication (|_|) Presentation (|_|)
Other _____________________________
OR EXPLANATION CONCERNING THE ABOVE THAT YOU
THINK MAY BE HELPFUL TO THE IRB REGARDING
CONFIDENTIALITY AND PRIVACY CONCERNS
ASSOCIATED WITH YOUR RESEARCH STUDY.

PLEASE READ AND CONFIRM THROUGH CHECK
MARKING THE BOX BELOW:
|_| I attest that the data from this research will be kept in
a secured location for at least three years following
study completion, and then will be permanently
destroyed.
Current version 032012
1
1
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW
BOARD APPLICATION
FOR
HUMAN SUBJECTS
RESEARCH

The University of Phoenix Institutional Review Board (IRB
)
exists to ensure university c
ompliance
with federal regulations regarding research involving human
subjects. This application is used to
facilitate and document this compliance review. Research
projects which meet the federal
definition for research and the federal definition of hum
an subjects must be approved by the
University of Phoenix IRB before any data collection begins. If
an IRB application is approved by
the IRB and, later, the nature of the research design,
requirements, or site locations change, a
revised application desc
ribing these changes must be submitted for reconsider
ation and approval
by the IRB.
This application is intended as a stand alone document, so
reference to other
documents or appendices of dissertation proposals or other
research studies does not substitu
te
for direct provision of that information as part of this
application, either
as a
response
within a
section
or as an addendum
. This application pertains to both pilot studies and full studies.
Please note that it is the researcher’s responsibility to

give complete
and accurate
information
about the
nature of the proposed study, particularly in terms of the effects
on, and expecta
tions
for, subject participants. Please note that you must document
currency in CITI certification as
part of this applicati
on.
N
AME OF
R
ESEARCHER
(
S
)
C
ITY
,
S
TATE
,
AND
C
OUNTRY
/

S
CHOOL
OR
C
OLLEGE AND
U
NIVERSITY
A
FFILIATION
(
STUDENT
,
FACULTY
,
OR STAFF
AND ID
)
T
YPE OF
R
ESEARCH
(
RESEARCH
STUDY
,
*

FUNDED
RESEARCH
,
OR
OTHER
)
[
CITY
/
STATE
]
[
COLLEGE
]
U
NIVERSITY OF
P
HOENIX
IRN:
L
EAVE
THIS
BLANK

*
If research is funded, please complete the following
agency information
.
Otherwise, leave blank.
AGENCY SUBMITTED TO
SUBMISSION DATE
LOCATION OF PROJECT
/
/

1
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD APPLICATION
FOR HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH
The University of Phoenix Institutional Review Board (IRB)
exists to ensure university compliance
with federal regulations regarding research involving human
subjects. This application is used to
facilitate and document this compliance review. Research
projects which meet the federal
definition for research and the federal definition of human
subjects must be approved by the
University of Phoenix IRB before any data collection begins. If
an IRB application is approved by
the IRB and, later, the nature of the research design,
requirements, or site locations change, a
revised application describing these changes must be submitted
for reconsideration and approval
by the IRB. This application is intended as a stand alone
document, so reference to other
documents or appendices of dissertation proposals or other
research studies does not substitute
for direct provision of that information as part of this
application, either as a response within a
section or as an addendum. This application pertains to both
pilot studies and full studies.

Please note that it is the researcher’s responsibility to give
complete and accurate information
about the nature of the proposed study, particularly in terms of
the effects on, and expectations
for, subject participants. Please note that you must document
currency in CITI certification as
part of this application.
NAME OF RESEARCHER(S)
CITY, STATE, AND
COUNTRY / SCHOOL
OR COLLEGE AND
UNIVERSITY
AFFILIATION
(STUDENT, FACULTY,
OR STAFF AND ID)
TYPE OF
RESEARCH
(RESEARCH
STUDY, *FUNDED
RESEARCH, OR
OTHER)
[CITY/STATE]
[COLLEGE]
UNIVERSITY OF
PHOENIX
IRN: LEAVE THIS
BLANK

* If research is funded, please complete the following agency
information.
Otherwise, leave blank.
AGENCY SUBMITTED TO SUBMISSION DATE LOCATION
OF PROJECT
/ /

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