ENGL220 Bullfinch Chapters 12-16

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This document provides a summary of chapters 12-16 of Bullfinch's Mythology, covering several Greek myths. It describes how Cadmus introduced the Phoenician alphabet to Greece after killing a dragon. It then discusses the origin of the Myrmidons from ants and their later battle. Several myths are then summarized, including Scylla betraying Nisus, Echo and Narcissus admiring themselves, and Hero and Leander's ill-fated love across the sea. Further stories include Athena besting Arachne in a weaving contest, and Niobe losing all her children as punishment from Apollo and Artemis. The document concludes by summarizing the myth of Perseus being tasked

Education Technology

Bullfinch, Chapter 12-16
Cadmus, Thebes, Myrmidons

Inventing the Alphabet
Around 1600 B.C. the Phoenicians invented 22
‘magic signs’ called the alphabet, and passed
them onto the world. The Phoenicians gave the
alphabet to the Greeks who adopted it; the
evolution of the Phoenician Alphabet led to the
Latin letters of present-day.

Phoenician king Cadmus gives the
Phoenician Alphabet to the Greeks

Seven Against Thebes
Eteocles goes to confront his brother

Bullfinch Ch. 13
Nisus and Scylla
Echo and Narcissus
Clytie
Hero and Leander

Echo admires Narcissus, who admires
himself

One night, as Leander sets out, a
storm erupts

Bullfinch, Ch. 14
Athena, Arachne, Niobe

The three "old women" or
"gray ones" from Greek
mythology.
They are the daughters of
Phorcys and Ceto, sisters
and guardians of the
Gorgons. They were gray-
haired from birth and have
only one eye and one tooth,
which they share among
them.
They are Enyo ("horror"),
Deino ("dread") and
Pemphredo ("alarm").

Gorgons
THE GORGONES were three powerful winged daimones:- the mortal
Medousa, and her two immortal sisters Stheno and Euryale. They were
depicted as women with broad faces, serpent entwined hair, wide staring
eyes, the tusks of swine, red tongues that lolled from their broad mouths,
flaring nostrils, and short coarse beards. Their faces were so hideous that a
glimpse of them would turn a man to stone. They were also armed with sharp
claws of bronze claws and golden wings.

Hera knows her husband all too well…
“Have you seen my husband, he’ll be a bull, a swan or a shower of gold.”

Andromeda’s parents chain her to a
rock by the sea

Perseus turns Phineas (in yellow) and
others to stone

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ENGL220 Tristan Chapters 16-29

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Tristan and Isolde consummate their love while traveling on a ship to Ireland. They continue their affair secretly after Isolde marries King Mark. However, their secret relationship is discovered by Tristan's steward Marjodoc and a dwarf named Melot, who inform King Mark. As punishment, Mark banishes Tristan and Isolde from court. They go into hiding together in a cave near Mark's castle, until their secret hiding place is also discovered by Mark. After this, Tristan leaves to go on adventures abroad, while pining for Isolde. During his travels, he meets and begins flirting with a woman named Isolde of the White Hands, confusing his

ENGL220 Tristan Chapters 9-15

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Tristan decides to leave his uncle's court and challenges Morold, the Irish champion, to a duel, killing him but receiving a poisoned wound that only Queen Isolde can cure. Disguised as the minstrel Tantris, he travels to Ireland and is healed by Isolde, later being sent to bring her back to marry King Mark. Tristan slays a dragon terrorizing Ireland, claiming Isolde's hand for Mark. Isolde discovers Tristan's true identity from a splinter in his sword matching one in her dead uncle's head. They are forced to continue with the wedding plans so Isolde can become queen and Mark can protect Tristan from

ENGL220 Tristan Chapters 1-8

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Rivalin, Lord of Parmenie, falls in love with King Mark's sister Blanchflor while visiting Cornwall. They have a child together, but Rivalin is later killed by Duke Morgan. The child is given to Rual and his wife to raise as their own, naming him Tristan. Tristan grows up to become a skilled hunter and musician. He impresses King Mark so much that he is treated like a son. It is eventually revealed to Tristan that he is actually King Mark's nephew. Tristan seeks revenge on Duke Morgan for killing his father and sneaks up on Morgan during a hunt, killing him. Battles follow and Tristan is surrounded before being

ENGL220 Virgil

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Virgil was a Roman poet born in 70 BC in northern Italy. He was given an aristocratic education by his ambitious father. In Rome, he studied rhetoric and met Octavian, who would later become the emperor Augustus. Virgil served briefly in the military but preferred philosophy. He wrote pastoral poems, the Bucolics, after his father's estate was confiscated. Later, he composed the Georgics, about farming. At Augustus' request, Virgil wrote his epic, The Aeneid, which linked the founding of Rome to the Trojan hero Aeneas. Virgil worked on it until his death in 19 BC, leaving instructions for it to be destroyed though it was published instead.

ENGL220 Aeneid Books 9-12

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The document summarizes events from books 9-12 of Virgil's Aeneid. It describes Turnus setting fire to the Trojan ships, which then transform into sea nymphs. Nisus and Euryalus sneak out of the besieged Trojan camp but are killed by enemy forces. Turnus leads the Rutuli in attacking the Trojan camp with siege weapons. Aeneas forges an alliance with the Etruscans against their enemy Mezentius. Pallas is killed by Turnus, who takes Pallas' belt. Camilla performs great deeds in battle but is killed. In the final battle, Turnus and Aeneas fight in single combat, with Aeneas

ENGL220 Aeneid Books 5-8

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This document summarizes Books 5-8 of Virgil's Aeneid. It describes games held by Aeneas in Sicily to honor his father, including ship races, foot races, boxing, and archery. It then details the Trojans' departure from Sicily and journey to Italy, where Aeneas consults the Sybil and journeys to the underworld. Upon arriving in Latium, Aeneas and his Trojans encounter hostility from the local king Turnus, but secure an alliance with King Latinus which angers Turnus and leads to war.

ENGL220 Aeneid Books 1-4

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The document summarizes Books 1-4 of Virgil's Aeneid, focusing on the relationship between Aeneas and Dido, queen of Carthage. It tells of how Aeneas arrives in Carthage after being shipwrecked and encounters Dido. Dido falls deeply in love with Aeneas as they spend time together building Carthage. However, Mercury tells Aeneas it is time for him to leave in order to fulfill his destiny of founding Rome, leaving a distraught Dido behind to take her own life.

ENGL220 Greek Drama

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Early Greek theatre developed in amphitheatres and included both comedies and tragedies. Comedies often used crude humor and satire, while tragedies featured a chorus and masked male actors. One famous tragedy, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, tells the story of Oedipus who unknowingly fulfills a prophecy that he will kill his father and marry his mother, resulting in him blinding himself in horror once the truth is revealed.

ENGL220 Odyssey Books XX-XXIV

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ENGL220 Odyssey Books XV-XIX

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Telemachus returns home to Ithaca from Sparta, accompanied by the seer Theoclymenus. Meanwhile, the elderly beggar Odysseus continues to beg at his own home and is mistreated by the suitors. Another beggar, Iros, arrives and challenges Odysseus to a boxing match. That night, Penelope interviews the beggar and asks Eurycleia to wash his feet, during which Eurycleia recognizes a scar on Odysseus' thigh and realizes he is her master. Odysseus swears her to silence about his identity.

ENGL220 Odyssey Books X-XIV

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The document summarizes events from Books XI and XII of Homer's Odyssey. It describes Odysseus traveling to the underworld to speak with the prophet Tiresias. Upon returning, he properly buries a crew member and receives advice from Circe about dangers ahead, including avoiding the cattle of the sun god. Despite warnings, Odysseus' men kill and eat the cattle and are destroyed by Helios, leaving only Odysseus. He ends up washing ashore on the island of Calypso.

ENGL220 Odyssey Books V-IX

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The document summarizes events from Books V-IX of Homer's Odyssey. It describes Zeus ordering Hermes to tell Calypso to release Odysseus from her island. Calypso reluctantly agrees and helps Odysseus build a raft. However, Poseidon causes a storm that shipwrecks Odysseus. He is rescued by Nausicaa and taken to the Phaeacians, who treat him kindly. Odysseus recounts his journey, including being trapped in the cave of the Cyclops Polyphemus, who eats his men until Odysseus blinds him, allowing their escape.

ENGL220 Odyssey Books I-IV

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1) Telemachus visits Nestor in Pylos and Menelaus in Sparta to ask about his father Odysseus, who has been missing since the Trojan War. 2) Nestor tells Telemachus he has no news of Odysseus but warns him about the suitors in Ithaca. Menelaus then shares his story of getting home, including being helped by a sea goddess, and reveals that Odysseus is trapped on an island by the goddess Calypso. 3) Meanwhile, back in Ithaca the suitors plot to ambush Telemachus when he returns, unaware that Athena is protecting him. Penelope grieves for her son's safety.

ENGL220 The House of Atreus

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The House of Atreus began with Tantalus, who served his son Pelops as food for the gods at a banquet. As punishment, Tantalus was condemned to eternal hunger and thirst in the underworld. Pelops was brought back to life and married Hippodamia, but cursed the house when he had his charioteer Myrtilus killed. This curse led to the downfall of Atreus and Thyestes, their sons, and future generations including Agamemnon, who was murdered by his wife Clytemnestra. Orestes avenged his father by killing his mother and her lover, but was then pursued by the Furies until

ENGL220 After the Iliad

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After the death of Hector, the Trojans received reinforcements from allies like the Amazons led by Queen Penthesilea. Penthesilea was killed by Achilles, who fell in love with her after her death. The Trojans were later reinforced by the Ethiopians led by Prince Memnon. Memnon killed many Greeks, including Nestor's son Antilochus. Grief-stricken Nestor wanted to fight Memnon but he refused. Achilles then killed Memnon to avenge Antilochus. Achilles was later killed by an arrow shot by Paris, ending the Greek dominance in the war.

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ENGL220 Inferno Canto XXVI-XXXIV

ENGL220 Inferno Canto XVIII-XXV

ENGL220 Inferno Canto IX-XVII

ENGL220 Inferno Canto I-VIII

ENGL220 Tristan Chapters 30-40

ENGL220 Tristan Chapters 16-29

ENGL220 Tristan Chapters 9-15

ENGL220 Tristan Chapters 1-8

ENGL220 Virgil

ENGL220 Aeneid Books 9-12

ENGL220 Aeneid Books 5-8

ENGL220 Aeneid Books 1-4

ENGL220 Greek Drama

ENGL220 Odyssey Books XX-XXIV

ENGL220 Odyssey Books XV-XIX

ENGL220 Odyssey Books X-XIV

ENGL220 Odyssey Books V-IX

ENGL220 Odyssey Books I-IV

ENGL220 The House of Atreus

ENGL220 After the Iliad

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ENGL220 Bullfinch Chapters 12-16

1. Bullfinch, Chapter 12-16 Cadmus, Thebes, Myrmidons

3. Zeus abducts Europa

10.

11. Map of Greek Thebes

12. The Dragon!

13.

14.

15.

16. Cadmus fights the Dragon

17.

18.

19. Cadmus kills the dragon

20.

21.

22. Cadmus Plants Dragon Teeth

23.

24.

25.

26. The two armies fight

27.

28. Cadmus and Harmonia

29.

30.

31.

32. Cadmus and Harmonia turn into snakes

33.

34.

35.

36.

37. Inventing the Alphabet Around 1600 B.C. the Phoenicians invented 22 ‘magic signs’ called the alphabet, and passed them onto the world. The Phoenicians gave the alphabet to the Greeks who adopted it; the evolution of the Phoenician Alphabet led to the Latin letters of present-day.

38. Phoenician king Cadmus gives the Phoenician Alphabet to the Greeks

39. The Alphabet Family Tree

40. The Myrmidons

41. Temple in Aegina

42. The hardworking men of Aegina

43. Ants turn to men

44.

45. Battle of the Myrmidons

46. Seven Against Thebes Eteocles goes to confront his brother

47. Antigone mourns her brothers

48.

49. Bullfinch Ch. 13 Nisus and Scylla Echo and Narcissus Clytie Hero and Leander

50. Scylla and Nisus

51. Scylla spots Minos

52. Scylla falls for Minos

53.

54. Scylla defects

55. Minos rejects the traitor

56. Scylla hangs on to the ship

57.

58. Echo and Narcissus Narcissus

59. Echo

60. Narcissus admires himself

61. Narcissus sees his reflection

62. Echo admires Narcissus, who admires himself

63. Echo fades

64. Narcissus, again

65.

66.

67.

68. Clytie

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74. Hero and Leander

75. Hero waits for Leander

76.

77. Leander departs

78. Leander swims back to Europe from Asia

79. One night, as Leander sets out, a storm erupts

80. Leander drowns

81.

82. Hero is distraught

83.

84.

85.

86. Hero joins him in death

87. If only…

88. Bullfinch, Ch. 14 Athena, Arachne, Niobe

89. ATHENA OR

90. Born out of the head of Zeus

91.

92. Athena and Centaur

93. Athena/Minerva and the Muses

94. Arachne

95. Arachne at her loom

96. Arachne challenges Athena

97. Arachne and Athena have a spin-off

98. Don’t challenge the gods!

99. Arachne loses

100. The original spider woman!

101. Arachne begins to morph

102.

103.

104. Arachne’s fate

105. Niobe

106.

107. Niobe and child

108.

109. Niobe and Amphion

110. Niobe’s children

111. Apollo and Artemis begin the slaughter

112.

113.

114. Niobe pleads

115.

116. Niobe in despair

117. Niobe morphs

118. Bullfinch, Ch. 15 Gorgons, Perseus

119. The three "old women" or "gray ones" from Greek mythology. They are the daughters of Phorcys and Ceto, sisters and guardians of the Gorgons. They were gray- haired from birth and have only one eye and one tooth, which they share among them. They are Enyo ("horror"), Deino ("dread") and Pemphredo ("alarm").

120.

121.

122.

123. Exchanging their one eye

124. Perseus hides the eye

125. Gorgons THE GORGONES were three powerful winged daimones:- the mortal Medousa, and her two immortal sisters Stheno and Euryale. They were depicted as women with broad faces, serpent entwined hair, wide staring eyes, the tusks of swine, red tongues that lolled from their broad mouths, flaring nostrils, and short coarse beards. Their faces were so hideous that a glimpse of them would turn a man to stone. They were also armed with sharp claws of bronze claws and golden wings.

126.

127.

128.

129.

130.

131. Medusa

132.

133. Hair—always a problem for women

134.

135.

136. Danae

137. Zeus as golden shower

138.

139.

140.

141.

142.

143. Hera knows her husband all too well… “Have you seen my husband, he’ll be a bull, a swan or a shower of gold.”

144. Danae and Perseus shut up in box

145. Danae begs for pity for her baby

146. PERSEUS RESCUED

147.

148. Perseus Armed

149. Perseus must get Medusa’s head

150.

151. Medusa turns men to stone

152. Perseus beheads Medusa

153.

154.

155. Perseus runs off with Medusa’s head

156. Gorgons chase Perseus

157. Perseus runs

158. Gives medusa head to Athena

159.

160. Perseus and Atlas

161.

162.

163. Atlas

164. Andromeda

165. Andromeda’s parents chain her to a rock by the sea

166.

167.

168. Here comes Perseus

169.

170.

171.

172.

173.

174. Saved!

175. Thanks, Big Guy

176.

177. Perseus turns Phineas (in yellow) and others to stone

178.

179. Perseus, a hero

180. Warning: Medusa Cartoons!

Editor's Notes

The three "old women" or "gray ones" from Greek mythology. They are the daughters of Phorcys and Ceto, sisters and guardians of the Gorgons. They were gray-haired from birth and have only one eye and one tooth, which they share among them. They are Enyo ("horror"), Deino ("dread") and Pemphredo ("alarm").
THE GORGONES were three powerful winged daimones:- the mortal Medousa, and her two immortal sisters Stheno and Euryale. They were depicted as women with broad faces, serpent entwined hair, wide staring eyes, the tusks of swine, red tongues that lolled from their broad mouths, flaring nostrils, and short coarse beards. Their faces were so hideous that a glimpse of them would turn a man to stone. They were also armed with sharp claws of bronze claws and golden wings.

ENGL220 Bullfinch Chapters 12-16

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ENGL220 Bullfinch Chapters 12-16

Editor's Notes