Sophocles was a famous Greek playwright known for tragedies like Oedipus Rex. The play is based on the myth of Oedipus, who unknowingly kills his father and marries his mother. It uses irony and symbolism to explore themes of fate, truth, and human limits. The chorus comments on the action and themes. Oedipus' downfall shows how pride can be dangerous and the gods' will cannot be defied.