Engineering graphics practicing booklet (nrcm)

Department of Mechanical engineering
I YEAR B. Tech
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS PRACTISING BOOKLET
(Common to ME, CE, EEE, ECE & CSE)
Regulations: JNTUH R16
Narsimha Reddy Engineering College
(Approved by AICTE & Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
(Accredited by NAAC with A grade)
Maisammaguda, Secunderabad - 500014

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS :- DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NARSIMHA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE (NRCM) 2
SYLLABUS
B.Tech I Year I Sem
Course Code: ME 106ES / ME205ES
UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWING
Principles of Engineering Graphics and their Significance - Conic Sections including the Rectangular
Hyperbola – General method only - Cycloid, Epicycloid and Hypocycloid - Involute - Scales - Plain,
Diagonal and Vernier scales.
UNIT – II
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS: Principles of Orthographic Projections – Conventions –
Projections of Points and Lines, Projections of Plane regular geometric figures - Auxiliary planes.
UNIT – III
PROJECTIONS OF REGULAR SOLIDS: Projections of Regular Solids – Auxiliary Views.
UNIT – IV
SECTIONS OR SECTIONAL VIEWS AND DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES:
Sections or Sctional views of Right Regular Solids – Prism, Cylinder, Pyramid, Cone – Auxiliary
views. Sections of Sphere. - Development of Surfaces of Right Regular Solids – Prism, Cylinder,
Pyramid and Cone.
UNIT – V
ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS: Principles of Isometric Projection – Isometric Scale – Isometric
Views – Conventions – Isometric Views of Lines, Plane Figures, Simple and Compound Solids –
Isometric Projection of objects having non- isometric lines. Isometric Projection of Spherical Parts.
TRANSFORMATION OF PROJECTIONS: Conversion of Isometric Views to Orthographic
Views and vice -versa. - Conventions Auto CAD: Basic principles only.
Text Books:
 Engineering Drawing / Basant Agarwal and Mc Agarwal / Mc Graw Hill
 Engineering Drawing / M.B.Shaw,B.C.Rane / Pearson
Reference Books:
 Engineering Drawing / N S Parthasarathy and Vela Murali /Oxford
 Engineering Drawing / N D Bhatt / Charotar

Sheet No. : 1
Title : LETTERING & DIMENSIONING
Theory session : 1 Hour
Practice session : 1 Session (Note: 1 Session = 2 Hours)
Practice:
1. Alphabets – capital letters (A to Z), small letters (a to z) and Numbers - 0 to 9
*Note: - Alphabets and numbers should be given according to BIS only.
2. Draw various types of lines and write their applications.
3. Draw methods of dimensioning.
4. Write your college Address
Assignments
1. Write the list of drawing instruments used in Engineering Drawing?
2. Write your name and complete house address.
i. Name,
ii. Fathers Name,
iii. House .No,
iv. Street number,
v. Town/City,
vi. District,
vii. Pin code.
3. Write as “Engineering Drawing is language of Engineers”.
4. Write as “Strength is life; Weakness is Death”.

Sheet No. : 2
Title : CONIC SECTIONS
Theory session : 2 Hours
Practice session : 2 Sessions (Note: 1 Session = 2 Hours)
Practice:
1. Construct an ellipse, when the distance of the focus from the directrix is equal to
65mm and eccentricity is 2/3. Also draw tangent and normal to the curve at a point
40mm from the directrix.
2. Construct a parabola, when the distance of the focus from the directrix is 50mm. Also
draw tangent on normal to the curve at a point 35mm from the directrix.
3. Construct a hyperbola, when the distance of the focus from the directrix is 65mm and
eccentricity is 3/2. Also draw tangent and normal to the curve as a point 45mm from
directrix.
4. Construct a rectangular hyperbola, when a point P on it is at a distance of 18mm and
34mm from two asymptotes. Also draw a tangent to a curve at a point 20mm from an
asymptote.
5. The asymptotes of a hyperbola are inclined at 700
to each other. Construct the curve
when a point P on it is at a distance of 20mm & 30mm from the two asymptotes.
Assignment:
1. Construct an ellipse, when the distance of the focus from the directrix is equal to
55mm and eccentricity is 3/4. Also draw tangent and normal to the curve at a point
40mm from the directrix.
2. Construct a parabola, when the distance of the focus from the directrix is 55mm. Also
draw tangent on normal to the curve at a point 35mm from the directrix.
3. Construct a hyperbola, when the distance of the focus from the directrix is 60mm and
eccentricity is 4/3. Also draw tangent and normal to the curve as a point 45mm from
directrix.
4. Draw a rectangular hyperbola, through a point P with the coordinate x =25 & y =
30mm.

Sheet No. : 3
Title : CYCLOIDS
Practice:
Cycloids:
1. Construct a cycloid having a rolling (generating) circle diameter as 50mm.
Draw a normal and a tangent to a curve at a point 35mm above the base line.
2. A circles of 60mm diameter rolls on a horizontal line for half a revolution clockwise and
then on a line inclined at 60 degrees to the horizontal for another half clockwise. Draw the
curve traced by the point P on the circumference of the circle, taking the top most point
on the rolling circle as the initial position of the generating point.
3. ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 70mm. Trace the loci of vertices A, B & C, when
the circle circum-scribing ABC, rolls without slipping, along a fixed straight line, for one
complete revolution.
4. A circle of 35mm diameter rolls on a horizontal line. Draw the curve traced out by a point
R on the circumference for one half revolution, the circle rolls on the vertical line. The
point R vertically above the centre of the circle in the starting position.
Epicycloids:
5. Draw epicycloids of a circle of 40mm diameter, which rolls outside on another circle of
120mm diameter for one revolution clockwise. Draw a tangent and a normal to it at a
point 95mm from the centre of the directing circle.
6. Draw an inferior epitrochoid of base circle 150mm diameter and rolling circle 50 mm
diameters. The tracing point p is 20mm from the center of the rolling circle.
7. A circle of 50mm diameter, rolls without slipping on the outside of another circle of
diameter 150mm. show the path of a point on the periphery of the generating (rolling)
circle, diametrically opposite to the initial point of contact between the circles.
Hypocycloids:
8. Draw a hypocycloid of a circle of 40mm diameter, which rolls inside another circle of
160mm diameter, for one revolution counter clockwise. Draw a tangent & a normal to it
at a point 65mm from the centre of the directing circle.
9. A circle of 40mm diameter rolls on the concave side of another circle of 40mm radius.
Draw the path traced by a point on the generating circle for one complete revolution.

Assignment:
1. Construct a cycloid having a rolling circle diameter as 50mm for one revolution. Draw a
normal & a tangent to the curve at a point 35mm above the directing line.
2. A straight line AB of length 100mm, initially tangential to A to a circle of 40mm
diameter, rolls without slipping on the circle, till the end B touches the circle. Show the
paths of the ends A & B of the line & name the curve.
3. A circle of diameter 30mm rolls on a flat surface without slipping. Trace the path of a
point lying on its circumference for one & a half revolution of the circle. Draw a normal
& a tangent to the curve at a point 20mm above the directing line.
4. A circular disc of diameter AB equal to 80mm rotates about its center with uniform
angular velocity. During one complete revolution, a point P moves along the diameter AB
from A to B. Draw the locus of the point P.
5. Draw an epicycloid of a circle of 40cm diameter which rolls outside on another circle of
150cm diameter for one revolution clockwise. Draw a tangent & a normal to it a point
95cm distance from the center of the directing circle.
6. A circle of 50mm diameter rolls on the circumference of another circle of 175mm
diameter & outside it. Trace the locus of a point on the circumference of the rolling circle
for one complete revolution. Name the curve. Draw a tangent & a normal to the curve at a
point 125mm from the centre of the directing circle.
7. Construct a hypocycloid, rolling circle of 60mm diameter & directing circle of 180mm
diameter. Draw a tangent to it at a point 60mm from the center of the directing circle.
8. Show by means of a drawing when the diameter of the rolling circle is twice that of the
generating circle, the hypocycloid is a straight line. Take the diameter of the generating
circle equal to 60mm.

Sheet No. : 4
Title : INVOLUTES
Practice:
Involutes:
1. Draw the involutes of
a. An equilateral triangle of side 30mm.
b. A square of side 40mm
c. A hexagon of side 20mm & draw a tangent & normal to the curve at 100mm
from the centre of hexagon.
2. Draw the involute of a circle of 40mm diameter. Also draw a tangent & a normal to the
curve at a point 95mm from the centre of the circle.
3. Draw the curve traced out by an end of a thin wire unwound from a regular hexagon of
side 15mmm the wire being kept tight. Draw a tangent & a normal to the curve at a point
80mm from the centre of the hexagon.
4. A thread of length 165mm is wound round a circle of 40mm diameter. Trace the path of
the end point of the thread.
5. A line AC of 150mm long, is tangential to a circle of diameter 60mm. Trace the paths of
A & C, when the line AC rolls on the circle without slipping.
Assignments:
1. Draw the involutes of
a. An equilateral triangle of side 30mm.
b. A square of side 40mm
c. A hexagon of side 20mm & draw a tangent & normal to the curve at 100mm
from the centre of hexagon.
2. Draw the involute of a circle of 50mm diameter. Also, draw a normal & a tangent to the
curve at a point 100mm from the centre of the circle.
3. An inelastic string a length L has its one end attached to the circumference of a circle of
50mm diameter. Draw the curve traced by the other end of the string, when it is tightly
wounded round the circle; when L is (i) 100mm , (ii) 200mm.
4. An inelastic string of 145mm long has its one end attached to the circumference of a
circular disc of 40mm diameter. Draw the curve traced out by the other end of the string
when it is completely wound around the disc keeping the string always tight.

SCALES
Sheet No. : 5
Title : PLAIN SCALES
Practice:
1. Draw a scale of 1:60 to show meters and decimetres and long enough to measure up to 6m.
2. Construct a scale of RF= 1/60 to read yards and feet and long enough to measure up to 5 yards
3. Construct a scale of 1:14 to read feet and inches and long enough to measure 7 feet show a
distance of 5 feet 10 inches on it.
4. An area of 49 cm2
on a map represents an area of 16m2
on a field. Draw a scale long enough to
measure 8m. Mark a distance of 6m 9dm on the scale.
Assignments:
1. Construct a scale of 1:40 to read meters and decimetres and long enough to measure up to
6m.Mark a distance of 4.7m on it.
2. A cube of 5cm side represents a tank of 1000 cubic meters volume. Find the RF and
construct a scale to measure up to 35m.Mark a distance of 27m on it.
3. If 1 centimetre long line on a map represents a real length of 4 meters. Calculate the RF
and draw a plain scale long enough to measure up to 50 meters. Show a distance of 44m
on it.
4. Construct a scale of 1.5 inches = 1 foot to show inches and long enough to measure up to 4
feet.

Sheet No. : 6
Title : DIAGONAL SCALES
Practice:
1. If 1 cm long line on a map represents a real length of 4m. Calculate the RF and draw a
diagonal scale long enough to measure up to 50 meters. Show a distance of 44.5 m on it.
2. The distance between two stations by road is 200 Km and it is represented on a certain
map by a 5cm long line. Find the R.F and construct a diagonal scale showing single
kilometer and long enough to measure up to 600 Km. Show a distance of 467 km on this
scale.
3. A rectangular field of 50000 sq m. is represented on a map by a rectangle of 10cmx8cm.
Calculate the R.F. Draw a diagonal scale to read up to a single meter and long enough to
measure up to 500 meters. Show a distance of 438 m and 235 m on it.
4. Construct a diagonal scale of 1:63360 to read miles, furlongs and chains and long enough
to measure up to 6 miles. Show a distance of 4 miles 3 furlongs 2 chains on it.
Assignments:
1. Construct a diagonal scale showing yards, feet and inches in which 2 inches long line
represents 1.25 yards and is long enough to measure up to 5 yards. Find R.F and mark a
distance of 4yards 2 feet 8 inches
2. Construct a diagonal scale showing hectometers, decameters and meters, in which 1 cm
long line represents 50 meters and long enough to measure up to 1 Km. Find R.F and
mark a distance 5Hm 3 Dm 7m on it.
3. An area of 63 Sq.cm on a map represents an area of 1.75 Sq.Km on a field. Construct a
scale to measure up to 2.5 Km and capable to show hundredth of a kilometer. Indicate
1.87 Km on the scale.
4. A room of 1728 cubic meters volume is shown by a cube of 4cm side. Find the R.F
andconstruct a scale to measure up to 50m. Indicate a distance of 37.6m on the scale.
5. Construct a diagonal scale of RF = 1/32 showing Yards, Feet, Inches and to measure upto 4
yards. Show 1 yard 2 feet 7 inches.
6. Draw a diagonal scale of RF 2/5, showing cm and mm and long enough to measure 20 cm.
Show 13.4 cm on it.

Sheet No. : 7
Title : VERNIER SCALES
Practice:
1. Construct a vernier scale of 1:40 to read meters, decimeters and centimeters and long enough
to measure up to 6m. Mark a distance of 5.76m on it.
2. If 1 cm long line on a map represents a real length of 4m. Calculate the R.F and draw forward
vernier scale and long enough to measure up to 50m.Show a distance of 44.5 m on it.
3. On a map a rectangle of 125 cm x 200 cm represents an area of 6250 square kilometers. Draw
a backward vernier scale to show decameter and long enough to measure up to 7Km. Show a
distance of 6.43 Km on it.
4. Draw a vernier scale of R.F =1/25 to read centimeters up to 4m and on it, show lengths
representing 2.39 m and 0.91 m.
Assignments:
1. Construct a vernier scale of R.F = 1/80 to read inches and to measure up to 15 yards.
2. A real length of 10 m is represented by a line of 5 cm on a drawing. Find the R.F and construct
a vernier scale such that the least count is 2dm and can measure up to 25 m. Mark a distance of
19.4 m on it.
3. Construct a full size retrograde vernier scale of inches and show on it lengths 4.67 inches.
4. Construct a retrograde vernier scale to be used with a mp, the scale of which is 1 cm = 40 m.
The scale should read in meters and maximum up to 500 m. Mark a distance of 456m on it.

PROJECTION OF POINTS & PROJECTION OF LINES
Sheet No. : 8
Title : PROJECTIONS OF POINTS
Practice:
Projection of points:
1. Draw the projections of the following points on the same ground line, keeping the
projections 25mm apart.
a. A, in the H.P & 20mm, behind the V.P
b. B, 40mm above the H.P & 25mm in front of the V.P.
c. C, in the V.P & 40mm above the H.P.
d. D, 25mm below the H.P & 25mm behind the V.P.
e. E, 15mm above the H.P & 50mm behind the V.P.
f. F, 40mm below the H.P & 25mm in front of the V.P.
g. G, in both the H.P & the V.P.
2. A point is 50mm from both the reference planes. Draw its projections in all possible
positions.
3. A point A is 25mm above the H.P & 35mm in front of the V.P. Another point is 40mm
behind the V.P. & 30mm below the H.P.
4. A point 30mm above xy line is the plane view of two points P & Q the elevation of P is
45mm above the H.P. While that of the point Q is 35mm below the H.P. Draw the
projections of the points and state their positions with reference to the principal planes on
the quadrant in which they lie.
Assignment:
5. Draw the projections of the following points on a common reference line. Take 30mm
distance between the projections.
a. A, 35mm above the H.P. & 25mm in front of V.P.
b. B, 40mm below the H.P & 15mm behind the V.P.
c. C, 50mm above H.P & 25mm behind the V.P
d. D, 45mm below the H.P & 20mm in front of V.P
e. E, 30mm behind the V.P & on H.P
f. F, 35mm below the H.P & on V.P.
g. G, on both H.P & the V.P.
h. H, 25mm below H.P. & 25mm in front of V.P.
6. A point P is 35mm from both the reference planes. Draw its projections in all possible
positions.
7. A point P is 15mm above the H.P & 20mm in front the V.P. Another point Q is 25mm
behind the V.P & 40mm below the H.P. (Draw the projections of these points taking the
distance between the end projectors as 70mm. Also find the length of the line joining their
planes and elevations)

Sheet No. : 9
Title : PROJECTIONS OF LINES - I
Practice:
Projection of lines - I:
1. A line PQ, 90mm long, is in the H.P. & makes an angle 300
with the V.P. Its end P is
25mm in front of the V.P. Draw its projections.
2. A line AB has its end A 20mm above H.P. & 20mm in front of V.P. It is inclined at 400
to
V.P and parallel to H.P. Draw its projections by taking the distance between the end
projectors to be 50mm. Also find the true length of the line.
3. The length of the top view of a line parallel to the V.P. and inclined at 450
to the H.P is
50mm. One end of the line is 12mm above the H.P. and 25mm in front of the V.P. Draw
the projections of the line and determines its true length.
4. A 100mm long line is parallel to and 40mm above the H.P. Its two ends are 25mm and
50mm in front of the V.P respectively. Draw its projections and find its inclination with
the V.P.
5. The front view of a 75mm long line measures 55mm. The line is parallel to the H.P and
one of its ends is in the V.P and 25mm above the H.P. Draw the projections of the line
and determines its inclination with the V.P.
6. Two pegs fixed on a wall are 4.5m apart. The distance between the pegs measured
parallel to the floor is 3.6m. If one peg is 1.5m above the floor, find the height of the
second peg and the inclination of the line joining the two pegs, with the floor.
Assignment:
1. A line AB, 55mm long has its end A 25mm in front of the V.P and in the H.P. The line is
inclined at 450
to the V.P. Draw the projections.
2. A line PQ, 50mm long is perpendicular to H.P. and 15mm in front of V.P. The end P,
nearer to H.P is 20mm above it. Draw the projections of a line.
3. A line PQ, 70mm long is parallel to H.P and inclined at 300
to V.P. The end P is 25mm
above H.P and 40mm in front of V.P. Draw the projections of the straight line.
4. The top view of a 75mm long line measures 55mm. The line is in the V.P, its one end
being 25mm above the H.P. Draw its projections.
5. A line AB, 70mm long has its end A 15mm above H.P. and 25mm in front of V.P. Its top
view (plan) has a length of 40mm. Draw its projections and find the inclination of the line
with H.P.
6. A line AB, 55mm long is in H.P. and inclined to V.P. The end A is 20mm in front of the
V.P. The length of front view is 35mm. Draw the projections of the line and also find the
inclination of the line with V.P.

Sheet No. : 10
Title : PROJECTIONS OF LINES -II
Practice:
Projection of lines - II:
1. A line AB, 75mm long, has its ends A in the H.P and 40 mm infront of the V.P. It is
inclined at 450
to the H.P and at 300
to the V.P. Draw the projections and also Traces.
2. The top view of a 75mm long line AB measures 65mm, while the length of its front view
is 50mm. Its one end A is in H.P. and 12mm in front of the V.P. Draw the projections of
AB and determine its inclinations with the H.P. and the V.P.
3. A line AB, 65mm long, has its end A 20mm above the H.P. and 25mm in front of the V.P.
The end B is 40mm above the H.P. and 65mm in front of the V.P. Draw the projections of
AB and show its inclinations with the H.P.and the V.P.
4. A line AB, 90mm long is inclined at 450
to the H.P. and its top view makes an angle of
600
with the V.P. The end A is in the H.P. and 12mm in front of the VP. Draw its
projections and find its true inclination with the V.P.
5. A line AB, 90mm long, is inclined at 300
to the H.P. Its end A is 12mm above the H.P.
and 20mm in front of the V.P. Its front view measures 65mm. Draw the top view of AB
and determine its inclination with the V.P.
Assignments:
1. A line AB, 50mm long has its end A in both the H.P. and V.P. It is inclined at 300
to the
H.P. and at 450
to the V.P. Draw its projections.
2. A line AB has its end A 20mm above H.P. and 25mm in front of V.P. The other end B is
45mm above H.P. and 55mm in front of V.P. The distance between the end projectors is
60mm. Draw its projections and also find the true length and true inclination of the line
with H.P and V.P.
3. A line EF, 85mm long has its ends, 25mm above H.P. and 20mm in front of V.P. The top
and front views of line have lengths of 55mm and 70mm respectively. Draw the
projections of the line and find its true inclinations with the V.P. and the H.P.
4. A line measures 80mm long has of its ends 60mm above the H.P. and 20mm in front of
the V.P. Other end is 15mm above the H.P. The front view of a line is 60mm long. Draw
the projections.
5. One end A of a line AB, 75mm long is 20mm above the H.P. and 25mm in front of the
V.P. The line is inclined at 300
to the H.P. and the top view makes 450
with the V.P. Draw
the projections of the line and find the true inclination with the vertical plane.
6. A line 100mm long has its front view inclined at 450
to xy. The point A is in the V.P. and
25mm above the H.P. The length of the front view is 60mm. Draw the top view of the line
and measure its length. Also find the inclination of the line AB to H.P and V.P.

Sheet No. : 11
Title : PROJECTIONS OF LINES - III
Practice
1. Two oranges A and B on a tree are respectively at 1m and 2m above the ground and 0.3m
and 1.5m from a 0.35m thick wall but on opposite sides of the wall. The distance between
the oranges measured along the ground and parallel to the wall is 3m. Determine the true
distance between the oranges.
2. A line PQ 120mm long, is inclined at 300
to the H.P. and 450
to the V.P. Its midpoint is in
the V.P. and 20mm above the H.P. Draw its projections, if its end P is in the third
quadrant and Q is in first quadrant.
3. Two pegs A and B are fixed in each of the two adjacent side walls (of a rectangular room)
which meet in a corner. Peg A is 1.5 m above the floor, 1.2 m from the side wall and is
protruding 0.3 m from the wall. Peg B is 2 m above the floor, 1m from the other side wall
and is also protruding 0.3m from the wall. Find the distance between the ends of the pegs.
4. A room is 5m x 4.5m x 3.5m high. Determine the distance between the top corner and the
bottom corner, diagonally opposite to it, by drawing the projections of the line joining the
two corners.
5. A room is 8m x 5m x 4m high. An electric point hangs in the centre of the ceiling and 1 m
below it. A thin straight wire connects the point to a switch kept in one of the corners of
the room and 2 m above the floor. Draw the projections of the wire and find the length of
the wire and slope angle with the floor.
6. Three lines oa, ob and oc are respectively 25 mm, 45 mm and 65 mm long, each making
120 angles with the other two and the shortest line being vertical. The figure is the top
view of the three rods OA, OB and OC whose ends A, B and C are on the ground, while
O is 100 m above it. Draw the front view and determine the length of each rod and its
inclination with the ground.
Assignments:
1. A line of 100mm long makes an angle of 350
with the H.P. and 450
with the V.P. Its mid
point is 20mm above H.P. and 15 mm in front of V.P. Draw the projections of the line.
2. The front and top views of two intersecting lines AB and BC have an inclined angle of
1000
between them. AB is parallel to both H.P and V.P. Determine the angle between the
lines.
3. Three wires AB, CD & EF are tied at A, C & E on a 15m long vertical post at heights of
14m, 12m &10m respectively from the ground. The lower ends of the wires are tied to
hooks at points B, D & F at the ground level. If the points B, D & F lie at the corners of
an equilateral triangle of 9m side, and if the post is situated at the centre of the triangle,
determine the length of each rope and its inclination with the ground. Assume thickness
of the post and the wires to be equal to that of a line.
4. A room is 4.8m x 4.2m x 3.6m high. Determine graphically the distance between a top
corner and the bottom corner diagonally opposite to it.
5. Two apples A and B on a tree are respectively at 1.8m and 3m above the ground and 1.2m
and 2.1m from a 0.3m thick wall but on opposite sides of the wall. The distance between
the apples measured along the ground and parallel to the wall is 2.7m. Determine the real
distance between the apples.
6. A room is 6m x 5m x 3.5m high. An electric bracket light is above the centre of the larger
wall and 1m below the ceiling and 0.3m away from the wall. The switch for the light is on
an adjacent wall, 1.5m above the floor and 1m away from the other longer wall.
Determine graphically, the shortest distance between the bulb and switch.

Sheet No. : 12
Title : PROJECTIONS OF LINES IV - TRACES
Practice:
Traces:
1. The end A of a line AB is 10mm in front of the VP and 20mm above the HP. The line is
inclined at 300
to the HP and front view is 450
with the xy. Top view is 60mm long. Draw
the projections. Find the true length and inclinations with the VP. Locate the traces.
2. A line AB, which is inclined at 300
to the HP, has its ends A and B at 25mm and 60mm in
front of the VP respectively. The length of the top view is 65mm and its VT is 15mm
above the HP. Draw the projections of the line and locate its HT.
3. The front view of a line AB measures 60mm and makes an angle of 450
with xy. A is in
the HP and the VT of the line is 15mm above the HP. The line is inclined at 300
to the
VP. Draw the projections of AB and determine its true length and inclination with the HP.
Also locate its HT.
4. A line AB has its ends A and B, 20mm and 45mm in front of the VP respectively. The
end projectors of the line are 50mm apart. The HT of the line is 10mm in front of the VP.
The line AB is inclined at 350
to the HP. Draw the projections of the line and determine
the true length of the line and locate the VT. Find the distance of VT of the line from the
HP and inclination of the line with the VP.
5. A line AB, inclined at 400
to the VP, has its ends 50mm and 20mm above the HP. The
length of its front view is 65mm and its VT is 10mm above the HP. Determine the true
length of AB, its inclination with the HP and its HT.
Trapezoidal Plane Method
6. A line AB has its end A 20mm above HP and 25mm in front of VP. The other end B is
45mm above HP and 40mm in front of VP. The distance between the end projectors is
60mm. Draw its projections, also find the true length and true inclinations of the line with
HP and VP and mark the traces by trapezoidal plane method.
7. The distance between the projectors containing the HT and the VT of a straight line AB is
120mm and the distance between the projectors drawn from the ends of the straight line is
40mm. The HT is located 40mm in front of VP and the VT is 35mm above the HP. The
end A of the line lies 15mm above HP. Draw the projections and find its true length and
the true inclination. ( By using trapezoidal plane method)
8. A straight line AB has its end A 30mm below the HP and 25mm behind the VP and the
other end B is 35mm above HP and 45mm in front of the VP. Draw its projections when
the projections when the projections of the both the ends are on the same line. Find the
true length, true inclinations with the HP and the VP. Also mark the traces.

Assignment:
1. A line AB of 65mm long has its end A, 25mm above HP and 20mm in front of the VP.
The end B is 40mm above the HP and 65mm in front of the VP. Draw its projections and
find its inclinations with the HP and the VP. Determine its traces.
2. The front view of a line AB measures 65mm and makes an angle of 450
with xy. A is in
the HP and the VT of the line is 15mm above the HP. The line is inclined at 300
to the
VP. Draw the projections of AB and determine its true length and inclination with the HP.
Also locate its HT.
3. Front view of a line PQ is inclined at 300
to xy-line and measures 60mm. The line is
inclined at 450
to the VP. The end P is in the HP and VT of the line is 20mm below the
HP. Draw the projections of the line and find its true length and inclinations with the
reference planes. Also locate HT.
4. A line AB has one of its ends 60mm above the HP and 20mm in front of the VP. The
other end is 15mm above the HP and 45mm in front of the VP. The front view of the line
is 65mm long. Draw its projections and find the true length, true inclinations and mark the
traces by trapezoidal plane method.
5. The end P of a line PQ is 25mm above the HP and 40mm in front of the VP and end Q is
20mm behind the VP and 22mm below the HP. The end projectors are 50mm apart. Draw
the projections of the line and find its true length and mark the traces.
6. The front view of a line AB, 80mm long, measures 55mm while its top view measures
70mm. End A is in both HP and VP. Draw the projections of the line and find its
inclinations with the reference planes. Also locate the traces.

Sheet No. : 13
Title : PROJECTIONS OF PLANES-I
Practice session : 1 Session (Note: 1 session = 2 hours)
Practice:
1. An equilateral triangle of 50mm side has its V.T parallel to and 25mm above the xy. It
has no HT. Draw its projections when one of its sides is inclined at 450
to the VP.
2. A square ABCD of 40mm side has a corner on the HP and 20mm in front of the VP. All
the sides of the squares are equally inclined to the HP and parallel to the VP. Draw its
projections.
3. A hexagonal plate of side 30mm is placed with a side on VP and surface inclined at 450
to
VP and perpendicular to HP. Draw the projections.
4. A regular pentagon of 25mm side has one side on the ground. Its plane is inclined at 450
to the HP and perpendicular to the VP. Draw its projections.
5. Draw the projections of a circle of 50mm diameter, having its plane vertical and inclined
at 300
to the VP. Its centre is 30mm above the HP and 20mm in front of the VP.
6. A pentagonal plate of 45mm side has a circular hole of 40mm diameter in its centre. The
plane stands on one of its sides on the HP with its plane perpendicular to VP and 450
inclined to the HP. Draw the projections.
Assignments
1. A square lamina of 45mm side has a corner on VP and 25mm above the HP. All the sides
of the square are equally inclined on HP and parallel to VP. Draw the front view and top
view.
2. A regular hexagonal lamina of 22mm side, rests on one of its sides on HP. It is parallel to
and 15mm away from the VP. Draw its projections.
3. A square plane of side 40mm has its surface parallel to VP and perpendicular to HP.
Draw its projections when one of the sides is inclined at 300
to HP.
4. A circular plate of diameter 50mm is resting on HP on a point on the circumference with
its surface inclined at 450
to HP and perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections.
5. A regular hexagonal plane of 30mm side, has a corner at 20mm from VP and 50mm from
HP. Its surface is inclined at 450
to VP and perpendicular to HP. Draw the projections of
the plane.
6. A composite plane ABCD, consists of a square of 60mm side, with an additional semi-
circle constructed on CD as diameter. Draw the projections of the plane when the side AB
is vertical and the plane makes an angle of 450
with HP.

Sheet No. : 14
Title : PROJECTIONS OF PLANES-II
Practice session : 2 Sessions (Note: 1 session = 2 hours)
Practice:
1. A square ABCD of 50mm side has its corners A in the HP, its diagonal AC inclined at 300
to the HP and the diagonal BD inclined at 450
to the VP and parallel to the HP. Draw its
projections.
2. Draw the projections of a regular hexagon of 25mm side, having one of its sides in the HP
and inclined at 600
to the VP and its surface making an angle of 450
with the HP.
3. A thin rectangular plate of sides of 60mm×30mm has its shortest side in the VP and
inclined at 300
to the HP. Project its top view if its front view is a square of 30mm long
sides.
4. A circular plate of negligible thickness and 50mm diameter appears as an ellipse in the
front view, having its major axis 50mm long and minor axis 30mm long. Draw its top
view when the major axis of the ellipse is horizontal.
5. Draw a rhombus of diagonals 100mm and 60mm with the longer diagonal horizontal. The
figure is the top view of a square lamina of 100mm long diagonal, with a corner on HP.
Draw its front view and determine the angle, its surface makes with the HP.
6. A rhombus has its diagonals 100mm and 60mm long. Draw the projections of the
rhombus, when it is so placed that its top view appears to be a square of diagonal 60mm
long and the vertical plane through the longer diagonal makes 300
with VP.
7. A semi-circular lamina of 64mm diameter has its straight edge in VP and inclined at an
angle of 450
to HP. The surface of the lamina makes an angle of 300
with VP. Draw the
projections.
8. Draw the projections of a circle of 50mm diameter resting in the HP on a point A on the
circumference, its plane inclined a 450
to the HP and
(a) the top view of the diameter AB making 300
angle with the VP.
(b) the diameter AB making 300
angle with the VP.
Assignments
1. A rectangular plate of side 50×25mm is resting on its shorter side on H.P and inclined at
30º to V.P. Its surface is inclined at 60º to H.P. Draw its projection.
2. A hexagonal plane of 30mm side has a corner in the VP and the surface of the plane
makes an angle of 400
with the VP. Draw its projections when the front view of the
diagonal through the corner which is in VP makes an angle of 500
to HP.
3. A regular hexagon of 40mm side has a corner in the HP. Its surface is inclined at 450
to
the HP and the diagonal through the corner which is in the HP makes an angle of 300
with
the VP. Draw its projections.
4. A circular plate of diameter 70mm has the end P of the diameter PQ in the HP. And the
plane is inclined at 400
to HP. Draw its projections when,
(a) The top view of diameter PQ is inclined at 450
to xy line.
(b) The diameter PQ makes an angle of 450
with VP.
5. A semicircular plate of 80mm diameter has its straight edge in the VP and inclined at 450
to the HP. The surface of the plate makes an angle of 300
with the VP. Draw its
projections.

Sheet No. : 15
Title : AUXILARY PROJECTIONS - PLANES
Practice
1. (a) A point A is 25mm above the HP and 15mm in front of VP. Draw the front and top
views of the point. Also obtain the auxiliary front view of the point on a plane, which
with the VP and perpendicular to HP.
(b) A point B is 25mm above HP and 15mm in front of VP. Draw the front and top vies of
the point on a plane, which makes an angle of 450
with the HP and perpendicular to VP.
2. (a) A straight line AB of 75mm length is inclined at 300
to HP. The end A of the line is
25mm above HP and 20mm in front of VP. Draw the projections, by auxiliary plane
method.
(b) A straight line PQ of 50mm length, is inclined at 450
to VP. The end P of the line is
20mm above HP and 15mm in front of VP. Draw the projections by auxiliary plane
method.
3. A straight line AB has its end A 20mm above HP and 30mm in front of VP. The other
end B is 45mm above HP and 55mm in front of VP. Distance between the end projectors
is 60mm. Draw its projections and find the true length and true inclinations of the line
using auxiliary plane method.
4. A straight line AB has its end A 15mm above HP and 50mm in front of VP. The other end
B also lies on the same projector and is 40mm above HP and 25mm in front of VP. Draw
its projections and find its true length, true inclinations. By using auxiliary plane method.
5. A pentagonal plane of side 30mm is resting on HP on one of its sides with its surface
inclined at 500
to HP and perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections using auxiliary plane
method.
6. A thin rectangular plate ABCD of size 60mmX40mm, has its smaller edge on VP, with its
lower corner, 20mm above the HP. The front view of the plate is a square of 40mm side.
The smaller edge of the plate, lying on VP is inclined at 300
to HP. Draw the Projections.
Assignment
1. (a) A point A is 15mm above the HP and 25mm in front of VP. Draw the front and top
views of the point. Also obtain the auxiliary front view of the point on a plane, which
with the VP and perpendicular to HP.
(b) A point B is 20mm above HP and 25mm in front of VP. Draw the front and top vies of
the point on a plane, which makes an angle of 400
with the HP and perpendicular to VP.
2. (a) A straight line AB of 65mm length is inclined at 300
to HP. The end A of the line is
20mm above HP and 25mm in front of VP. Draw the projections, by auxiliary plane
method.
(b) A straight line PQ of 40mm length, is inclined at 600
to VP. The end P of the line is
25mm above HP and 10mm in front of VP. Draw the projections by auxiliary plane
method.

3. A straight line AB has its end A 25mm above HP and 20mm in front of VP. The other
end B is 55mm above HP and 65mm in front of VP. Distance between the end projectors
is 60mm. Draw its projections and find the true length and true inclinations of the line
using auxiliary plane method.
4. A straight line AB has its end A 20mm above HP and 45mm in front of VP. The other end
B also lies on the same projector and is 35mm above HP and 20mm in front of VP. Draw
its projections and find its true length, true inclinations. By using auxiliary plane method.
5. A hexagonal plane of side 30mm is placed with its surface inclined at 600
to VP and a side
resting on VP. Draw its projection using auxiliary plane method.
6. A square plate of side 35mm is resting on HP with one of its sides are its surface is
inclined at 400
to HP and the resting side inclined at 350
to VP. Draw its projections using
auxiliary plane method

Sheet No. : 16
Title : PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS-I
Practice:
1. (a) Draw the projections of a cone of base 30mm diameter and axis 50mm long, when it is
resting on HP on its base.
(b) Draw the projections of a cylinder of base 30mm diameter and axis 50mm long, when
it is resting on HP on its base.
2. A cube of 40mm side, is resting with a face on HP such that when one of its vertical faces
is inclined at 300
at VP.
3. Draw the projections of a hexagonal prism of base 25mm side and axis 60mm long, when
it is resting on one of its corners of the base on HP. The axis of the solid is inclined at 450
to the HP.
4. Draw the projections of a pentagonal prism, base 25mm side and axis 50mm long, resting
on one of its rectangular faces on the HP, with the axis inclined at 450
to the VP.
5. A tetrahedron of 50mm long edges is resting on the HP on one of its faces, with an edge
of that face parallel to the VP. Draw its projections and measure the distance of its apex
from the ground.
6. A hexagonal pyramid, base 25mm side and axis 50mm long, has an edge of its base on
the ground. Its axis is inclined at 300
to the ground and parallel to the VP. Draw its
projections.
7. Draw the projections of a cone, base 75mm diameter and axis 100mm lying on the HP on
one of its generators with the axis parallel to the VP.
Assignment:
1. Draw the projections of a right circular cylinder diameter of base 30mm and height 60mm
resting on HP on its base, such that the axis is parallel to VP and inclined at 300
to HP.
2. Draw the projections of a triangular prism, base 40mm side and 50mm long resting on
one of its base on the HP with a vertical face perpendicular to the VP.
3. A cube of 50mm long edges is resting on the HP with its vertical faces equally inclined to
the VP. Draw its projections
4. A hexagonal pyramid, base 25mm side and axis 50mm long, has an edge of its base on
the ground. Its axis is inclined at 300
to the ground and parallel to VP. Draw its
projections
5. Draw the projections of a hexagonal pyramid, with side of base 30mm and axis 70mm
long which is resting with a slant face on HP. Such that the axis is parallel to VP.

Sheet No. : 17
Title : PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS - II
Practice:
1. A square prism, base 40mm side and height 65mm has its axis inclined at 450
to the HP and
has an edge of its base, on the HP and inclined at 300
to the VP. Draw its Projections.
2. A pentagonal prism is resting on one of the corners of its base on the HP. The longer edge
containing that corner is inclined at 450
to the base. The axis of the prism makes an angle of 300
to the V.P. Draw the projections of the solid. .
3. A pentagonal pyramid, base 25mm side and axis 50 mm long has one of its triangular faces in
the V.P and the edge of the base contained by that face makes an angle of 300
with the H.P.
Draw its projections.
4. Draw the projection of cone, base 45mm diameter and axis 50mm long, when it is
resting on the ground on a point on its base circle with
a) the axis making an angle of 300
with the HP and 450
with the VP.
b) the axis making an angle of 300
with the HP and its top view making an angle of 450
with
the VP
5. Three equal spheres of 38mm diameter are resting on the ground so that each touches the other
two and the line joining the centres of two of them is parallel to the VP.
A fourth sphere of 50mm diameter is placed on top of the three spheres so as to form a pile. Draw
three views of the arrangement and find the distance of the centre of the fourth sphere above the
ground.
6. A square prism, base 20mm and axis 50mm long, is resting on its base on the ground with two
faces perpendicular to the VP. Determine the radius of four equal spheres resting on the ground,
each touching a face of the prism and other two spheres. Draw the projections of the
arrangement.
Assignment:
1. A hexagonal prism of base 25mm side and axis 45mm long, is positioned with one of its
base edges on HP such that the axis is inclined at 300
to the HP and 450
to VP. Draw its
projections.
2. Draw the projections of a cylinder of base 30mm diameter and axis 40mm long which lies
on HP on a point of its rim, with its axis inclined at 300
to HP. The top view of the axis is
perpendicular to VP.
3. A cone of base diameter 45mm and axis 55mm long lies on a point on its 300
to VP and
450
to HP. Draw its projections.
4. A square pyramid, base 38mm side and axis 50mm long, is freely suspended from one of
the corners of its base. Draw its projections, when the axis as a vertical plane makes an
angle of 450
with VP.
5. Six equal spheres are resting on the ground, each touching other two spheres and a
triangular face of a hexagonal pyramid resting on its base on the ground.
6. Draw the projections of the solids when a side of the base of the pyramid is perpendicular
to the VP. Determine the diameter of each sphere. Base of the pyramid 20mm side, axis
50mm long.

Sheet No. : 18
Title : SECTION OF SOLIDS
Practice:
Prism
1. A cube of 35 mm long edges is resting on the HP on one of its faces with a vertical face
inclined at 300
to the VP. It is cut by a section plane parallel to the VP and 9mm away
from the axis and further away from the VP. Draw its sectional front view and the top
view.
2. A square prism, base 40 mm side, axis 80 mm long, has its base on the HP and its faces
equally inclined to the VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP, inclined at 600
to
the HP and passing through a point on the axis 55 mm above the HP. Draw its front view,
sectional top view.
3. A hexagonal prism has a face on the HP and the axis parallel to the VP. It is cut by a
vertical section plane, the HT of which makes an angle of 450
with xy and which cuts the
axis at a point 20 mm from one of its ends. Draw its sectional front view and the true
shape of the section. Given side of base 25 mm long; height 65 mm.
Pyramid
1. A pentagonal pyramid, base 30mm side and axis 65mm long, has its base horizontal and
an edge of the base parallel to the V.P. A horizontal section plane cuts it at a distance of
25mm above the base. Draw its front view and sectional top view.
.
2. A hexagonal pyramid, base 30mm side and axis 65mm long, is resting on its base on the
H.P. with two edges parallel to the V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to the
V.P. inclined at 450
to the H.P. and intersecting the axis at a point 25mm above the base.
Draw the front view, true shape of the section, sectional top view and sectional side.
.
3. A Pentagonal pyramid, base 30mm side and axis 60mm long, is lying on one of its
triangular faces on the HP with the axis parallel to the VP. A vertical section plane, whose
HT bisects the top view of the axis and makes an angle of 300
with the reference line cuts
the pyramid, removing its top part. Draw the top view, sectional front view, true shape of
the section.
Cylinders
1. A cylinder of 40mm diameter, 60mm height and having its axis vertical, is cut by a
section plane, perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 450
to the H.P., and intersecting the
axis 32mm above the base. Draw its front view, sectional top view, sectional side view
and true shape of the section.
2. A Hollow cylinder, 50mm outside diameter, axis 70mm long and thickness 8mm has its
axis parallel to the VP and inclined at 300
to the vertical. It is cut in two equal halves by a
horizontal section plane. Draw its sectional top view.

Cone
1. A cone, diameter of base 50mm and axis 50mm long is resting on its base on the H.P. It
is cut by a section plane perpendicular to the VP inclined at 750
to the H.P. and passing
through the apex. Draw its front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section.
2. A cone, base 70 mm diameter, axis 75 mm long and resting on its base on the H.P., is
cut by a vertical section plane ,the HT of which makes an angle of 600
with the
reference line and is 12 mm away from the top view of the axis. Draw the sectional
front view wand the true shape of the section
3. A cone, base 75 mm diameter and axis 80 mm long is resting on its base on the HP. It
is cut by a section plane perpendicular to the V.P inclined at 450
to the H.P and
cutting the axis at a point 35 mm from the apex. Draw its front view, sectional top
view, sectional side view and the true shape of the section.
Assignment:-
1. A square prism, base 40mm side, axis 80mm long, has its base on the HP and its faces
equally inclined to the VP. It is cut by a plane, perpendicular to the VP, inclined at 600
to
the HP and passing through a point on the axis, 55mm above the HP. Draw its front view,
sectional top view.
2. A square pyramid of base side 30mm and altitude 50mm lies on one of its triangular faces
on the HP with its axis parallel to the VP. It is cut by a vertical plane inclined at 300
to the
VP and meeting the axis at 40mm from the vertex measured in the plan. Draw the plan,
sectional elevation and the true shape of the section.
3. A cube of 65mm long edges has its vertical faces equally inclined to the VP. It is cut by a
section plane, perpendicular to the VP, so that the true shape of the section is a regular
hexagon. Determine the inclination of the cutting plane with the HP and draw the
sectional top view and true shape of the section.
4. A hexagonal pyramid, base 30 mm side and axis 60 mm long, has a triangular face on the
HP and the axis parallel to the VP. It is cut by a horizontal section plane which bisects the
axis. Draw the front view and the sectional top view.
5. A hollow cylinder of 40 mm outside diameter and 30 mm inside diameter is resting on a
point on the rim in VP with the axis inclined at 300
to VP and parallel to HP. The axis
length of the cylinder is 60 mm. It is cut by a vertical plane inclined at 600
to VP and
bisecting the axis. Draw the sectional front view, top view and true shape of the section.
6. A cone, base 75 mm diameter and axis 80 mm long is resting on its base on the HP. It is
cut by a section plane perpendicular to the VP and parallel to and 12 mm away from one
of its end generators. Draw its front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section.
7. A cone base 45 mm diameter and axis 55 mm long is resting on the HP on its base. It is
cut by a section plane, perpendicular to both the HP and the VP and 6 mm away from the
axis. Draw its front view, top view and sectional side view.

Sheet No. : 19
Title : DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES
Practice:
Parallel line Development method
1. A square prism of side of base 40mm and axis 80mm long, is resting on its base on HP.
such that, a rectangular face of it is parallel to VP. Draw the development of the prism.
2. A hexagonal prism of side of base 30mm and axis 75mm long is resting on its base on
HP, such that, a rectangular face is parallel to VP. It is cut by a section plane,
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 300
to HP. The section plane is passing through the
top end of an extreme lateral edge of the prism. Draw the development of the lateral
surface of the cut prism.
3. A hexagonal prism of side of base 30mm and height 75mm is resting on H.P. with one of
its base edge parallel to VP. Right half of the solid is cut by an upward plane inclined at
450
to the ground and starting from the axis and 30mm below the top end. The left half of
the solid is cut by a plane inclined at 300
to the HP downwards from the axis. The top
section planes are continuous .Draw the development of the lower portion of the
hexagonal prism.
4. A cube of 50mm edge stands on one of its faces on HP, with the vertical faces equally
inclined to the VP. A hole of 35mm diameter is drilled centrally through a cube such that,
the axis of hole is perpendicular to VP. Draw the development of the cube.
5. A cylinder of diameter of base 40mm and axis 55mm long is resting on its base on HP. It
is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to V.P. and inclined at 450
to H.P. The section
plane is passing through the top end of an extreme generator of the cylinder. Draw the
development of the lateral surface of the cut cylinder.
Radial line development method
1. A square pyramid, with side of base 30 mm and axis 50 mm long is resting on its base on
HP with an edge of the base parallel to VP. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to
VP and inclined at 450
to HP. The section plane is passing through the mid –point of the
axis. Draw the development of the surface of the cut pyramid.
2. A vertical cone of 40 mm diameter of base and height 50 mm is cut by a cutting plane
perpendicular to V.P and inclined at 300
to the H.P so as to bisect the axis of the cone.
Draw the development of the lateral surface of the truncated position of the cone.

Assignment:
1. Draw the development of a cylinder of 50 mm diameter and 75 mm height containing a
square hole of 25 mm side .The side of the hole are equally inclined to the base and
the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the cylinder.
2. A hexagonal prism of 20mm side of base and 50mm height rests on a base on HP with a
vertical face parallel to VP. A circular hole of 35mm diameter is drilled through the
prism. Such that the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the prism and is perpendicular to
VP. Draw the development of the prism.
3. A vertical hexagonal prism of 25mm side of base and axis 60mm has one of its
rectangular faces parallel to VP. A circular hole of 40mm diameter is drilled through the
prism such that the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the prism at right angle and is
perpendicular to VP. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the prism showing
the true shape of the hole in it.
4. A right circular cone of base 50mm diameter and axis 60mm long, is resting on its base
on HP. A semicircular hole of radius 15mm is cut through the cone such that, the axis of
the hole is perpendicular to VP and intersecting the axis of the cone at 20mm above the
base. The flat surface of the hole is parallel to HP. Draw the development of the lateral
surface of the cone.

Sheet No. : 20
Title : ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS
Practice:
1. Draw an isometric projection of
i) a square plane of side 40mm
ii) a rectangular plane 60mm x 80mm
Both in the horizontal and the vertical plane
2. (a) Draw the isometric view of an equilateral triangle of 60mm side with a side horizontal
and the plane of the triangle being vertical.
(b) Draw the isometric view of a pentagon of 50mm side, plane vertical and horizontal.
(c) Draw the isometric projection of a circle of diameter 50mm with its plane horizontal
and vertical.
3. Draw the isometric view of a square prism with the side of the base 40mm and length of the axis
70mm. when its axis is
i) vertical ii) horizontal.
4. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal prism, with side of base 25mm and axis 60mm long.
The prism is resting on its base on H.P with an edge of the base parallel to VP.
5. Draw the isometric projection of a pentagonal pyramid, with side of base 25mm and axis
60mm long. The pyramid is resting on its base on HP, with an edge of the base parallel to the VP.
6. A hexagonal pyramid with side of base 30mm and axis 120mm long, is resting on its base on
H.P. An edge of the base is parallel to VP.A horizontal section plane passing through a point on
the axis, at a distance of 60mm from the base. Draw the isometric projection of the frustum of the
pyramid.
7. a) Draw the isometric projection of
(i) a cylinder (ii) a cone
of base diameter 30mm and axis 45mm long.
b) Draw an isometric view of a sphere of diameter 50mm.
8. a) A sphere of 50 mm diameter is resting centrally on the top surface of a square slab of 60mm
x 60mm x 20mm height. Draw the isometric projections.
b) A Sphere of radius 50mm is kept centrally over a frustum of a square pyramid of side
120mm at the bottom , 80mm at the top and having a height 10mm.Draw an isometric projection
of solid.
9. An object consists of a hemispherical vessel of 80mm diameter which is placed centrally over
a cylinder of 50mm diameter and height of 60mm. The cylinder in turn is placed centrally over a
square prism of 60mm base side and 20mm height. Draw the isometric projections of the object.

Assignment:
1. Draw the isometric projection of a frustum of a hexagonal prism, side of base 30mm, the side
of the top face 15mm of height 50mm.
2. A square pyramid of base edge 20mm and height 30mm is mounted on a face of the cube of
base edge 40mm. Draw the isometric projection of the object.
3. Draw the isometric projection of a cone of 40mm diameter and axis 55mm long when its axis
is horizontal.
4. Draw the isometric projections of a frustum of a hexagonal pyramid, side of base 30mm the
side of top face 15mm of height 50mm.
5. Draw the isometric projection of a hexagonal prism of side of base 35mm and altitude 50mm
surmounting a tetrahedron of side 45mm such that the axes of the solids are collinear and at least
one of the edges of the two solids are parallel.
6. A hemisphere of 40mm diameter is nailed on the top surface of a frustum of square pyramid.
The sides of the top and bottom faces of the frustum are 20mm and 40mm respectively and its
height is 50mm. The axes of both the solids coincide. Draw the isometric projection.

Sheet No. : 21
Title : TRANSFORMATION OF PROJECTIONS
Practice:
1. Draw the orthographic views of the following figures. All dimensions are in mm.
(i)
(ii

(iii)
(iv)
(v)

(vi)
(vii)
(viii)

(ix)
(x)
(xi)

(xii)
Assignment:
(i)
(ii)

(iii)
(iv)
(v)

(vi)
(vii)

Sheet No. : 22
Title : Introduction to AutoCAD
Practice:
1. Explain the following construction entities with figures
(i) LINE (ii) RECTANGLE (iii) POLYGON (iv) PLINE (e) CIRCLE
2. Explain the following Editing entities with figures
(i) ERASE (ii) MOVE (iii) COPY (iv) ROTATE (v) MIRROR
(vi) OFFSET (vii) ARRAY (viii) SCALE
3. Explain the following Dimensional entities
(i) DIM Linear (ii) DIM Aligned (iii) DIM Radius (iv) DIM Angular
(v) DIM Leader (vi) DIM center.
Assignment:
1. Explain the following construction entities with figures
(i) ARC (ii) ELLIPSE (iii) SPLINE (iv) XLINE (v) RAY
2. Explain the following Editing entities with figures
(i) EXTEND (ii) BREAK (iii) JOIN (iv) CHAMFER (v) FILLET

Engineering graphics practicing booklet (nrcm)

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