This document summarizes the present status and potential of various renewable energy sources in Turkey, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. It finds that Turkey has significant potential for renewable energy due to its geography and climate. In particular, it highlights Turkey's large solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy potentials. The document also provides statistics on Turkey's growth in renewable energy production in recent decades, with wind energy growing the fastest. However, it notes Turkey has yet to fully utilize its renewable potential.

1. Present Status and Potential of Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey M.Sami Büker

2. Global Warming !!!

3. Objective of thisstudy.. Toinvestigate the present status, the technical potentials, and the regional distributionof renewable energy resources in Turkey The following resources were taken intoconsideration: solar energy, windenergy, hydroenergy, geothermalenergy, andbiomass Keywordsbiomass, geothermalenergy, hydroenergy, renewableenergy, solar energy, Turkey, wind energy

4. Electricitydemandin Global Scale Turkey’sgrosselectricitydemand has reached194TWhbytheyear of 2009 Upsurge in electricitydemand… … andpotential of growth EnergyConsumptionperperson- 2009 (KWh) Elektricity Demand…(Billion KWh) 7,091 Germany Reource: TEDAŞ, EÜAŞ. . OECD EUROPA 6,239 6,195 Spain UK 6,114 İtaly 5,699 5,374 Greece 2,293 Turkey ~ x3 resource: IEA.

5. Electricity production rate of Turkey by years 2003-2010 % -2,2 % 8,7 % 3,5 % 7,3 % 8,9 % 7,4 % 7,2 51,8 51.27

6. In EU…

7. Installed power (MW) distribution by renewable resources installed power (MW) by the end of 2009 installed power(MW) by August 2010

8. Resource - Production Resource– Share in Total Production

9. Renewable Energy installed power as per global and local base

10. Turkey’s Initials in Renewable Energy Production

11. Sowhat?

12. Overall Energy Potential of Turkey One of Turkey’s main potential sources of renewable energy is the surrounding seas.In addition to this, geothermal energy beneath the surface of the western Anatolia;wind and solar energy available at western, eastern, and middle Anatolia; andnuclear energy by abundant thorium and uranium ores lying throughout Anatoliaand hydrogen potential accumulated at the submarine of Black Sea are the otherpotential renewable energy sources in Turkey. In this regard, the major areas ofrenewable energy research in Turkey are solar thermal energy, wind energy,geothermalenergy, photovoltaicenergy, materialsforrenewableenergy, energyplanning and economy, and new programs such as hydrogen energy, fuel cells,etc.

13. Solar Energy Solar Energy Potential of Turkey As it lies in a sunny belt between 368C and 428N latitudes, Turkey has an abundantresource in solar energy. Turkey’ s gross solar energy potential is 88 mtoe (million ton oilequivalent). Although Turkey has highsolar potential, residential and industrial consumption of solar energy startedin 1986 and 1988, respectively.

14. Solar Energy Applications of Solar EnergyTechnologies Several solar energy applications, such as solar heating, ventilating, air-conditioning,cooling, lighting, water pumping, and water desalination, have been usedoveryears. Solar energy can be used for drying the agricultural and industrial fragments, waterdistillation, residential cooking, industrial cooking, solar motors, and high temperatureapplications such as solar ovens.

15. Solar EnergyPotential of Turkey

16. Distribution of Solar Energy Resource in Turkey

17. A comparisonpeculiarto Solar Energy *Turkey among the 17th economies in the world. by GENSED (Güneş Enerjisi Sanayicileri ve Endüstrisi Derneği

18. WindEnergy Wind energy is the fastest growing energy source in the world and wind power isone of the most widely used alternative sources of energy today. It is a clean andrenewable source of electricity. InTurkey, therearenumber of regions with relatively high wind speeds. Themostattractivesites for wind energy utilization are the Marmara, Southeast Anatolian, and Agean. Thehighest wind speed values given in the literature are 5.1-5.2 m/s in Bandirma, 6.3-7m/s in Bozcaada, 6.4 m/s in Karaburun and Karabiga, 7.1m/s in Nurdagi, and 7m/s in Senkoy.

19. the wind energy potential of Turkey

21. World 2009 Total installedcapacity is 160 000 MW

23. Windpower CAUTION !!! Although wind energy is a clean energy source, it is a little bit harmful for theenvironment. Since wind power plants are built in a wide area, their appearance isconsidered inesthetic and huge. The noise from the wind turbines makes theneighbor residents uncomfortable. Turbines also cause bird death and interferewithradiowaves

24. Türkiye'de son 25 yılda ortalama % 27,5 büyüyen lisanslı kurulu güç kapasitesinde, yıllık ortalama % 218 büyüme ile rüzgar enerjisi en yüksek payı almıştır.

25. Majorplayers of Windpower

26. ..andtheircapacity

28. CurrentlyLicencedProjects3.488 MW

30. South Eastern Anatolia Project (GAP) *** South Eastern AnatoliaProject(GAP) is a very good example of the uses of hydroelectric power in Turkey.The South Eastern Anatolia Project is one of the largest power generating, irrigating,and development projects of its kind in the world, covering 3 million ha (hectares)of agriculturalland. This is over 10% of the cultivatable land in Turkey, the land to beirrigated is more than half of the presently irrigated area in Turkey. The GAP projecton the Euphrates (Fırat) and Tigris (Dicle) Rivers encompasses 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric powerplants. Once completed, 27 billion kWh of electricity will be generated and willirrigate1.7 millionhectares.

32. Avg. Rainfall 643 billion m3,186 billion m3 of thisrainfallconstitutesrunningrivers

34. GeothermalEnergy Turkey is located on the Alpine-HimalianOregenic Belt and has a place among theworld’ s first7 countries with respect to the abundance of its geothermal resources. However, only 2% of its potential is in use. Studies on the exploitation and exploration were started in the 1960s, and approximately140 geothermal fields, with a wellhead temperature above 40°C, wereexplored Using thesefields, almost35% of Turkey’s settlement region could be heated economically. Eighty-seven percent of geothermalenergy consumption in Turkey is from heating.

35. Geothermalpotential of Turkey

36. UtilizationTurkey’sGeothermalResources DistrictHeating started in 1987 heating 1500 households by 2007, Turkey had 20 district heatingsystems working with geothermal energy. Of thesedistrictheatingsystems, about 6 million square meter space are heated bydistrict heating with a capacity of 395 MWt GreenhouseHeating Heating greenhouses with geothermal energy hasrecently become very popular in Turkey. Greenhouses are heated 1500-2000 hour peryear and their main produces are tomatoes andCalifornianpeppers

37. GreenhouseheatingbyGeothermalEnergy

38. Geothermalpowerplants of Turkey Total installed power generation capacity has reachedto 100 MWe by the beginning of 2010.

39. Biomass Biomass, a renewableenergysource, isbiologicalmaterial from living, or recently living organisms,such as wood, waste, (hydrogen) gas, and alcohol fuels. Biomass is commonly plant matter grown to generate electricity or produce heat. In this sense, livingbiomass can also be included, as plants can also generate electricity while still alive.Importantthermalconversiontechnologiesarecombustion, gasification,andpyrolysis[wikipedia]

41. Per person: approx. 1 kg/day

43. InTurkey.. [1 ktoe= 11630000 kWh] 18374x10^3tons of wood and6666x10^3tons of plant and animal waste was used for energy production Thesementioned amounts of wood equal 5512 ktoe and animal and plant waste equal 1533 ktoe

44. Comparison..

45. Biomass.. Utilization of biomass for energy generation results in reduced CO2 and SO2emissions, which is important for combating the greenhouse effectand acid rain The net flowof CO2 to the atmosphereis reduced when fossil fuels are replaced withsustainableproducedbiomass.(BorjessonandGustavsson]

46. All in all...

47. Turkeywasthehighestinvestorin cleanenergyamong G-20 withthegrowthratio of %178.3 duringthe period,2004-2009.

48. Reference.. İZMİT ATIK VE ARTIKLARI ARITMA YAKMA VE DEĞERLENDİRME A.Ş Present Status and Potential of Renewable EnergySourcesin Turkey [A.Hepbasli, A.Ozdamar, N.Ozalp] Türkiye Elektrik Sanayi Birliği IEA – International Energy Agency TEDAŞ, EÜAŞ