1. Window retrofits like adding panels or films can provide energy savings by reducing heat loss through windows.
2. Modeling of residential and commercial buildings in Minnesota found that window retrofits typically save the most energy for heating due to Minnesota's cold climate.
3. For residential buildings, interior low-e window panels provide the greatest savings and payback period of 2-15 years depending on building type and location. Commercial building savings and paybacks vary more due to different construction and operations.
The document summarizes the Factor 9 Home in Regina, Saskatchewan, which was designed to use 90% less energy and 50% less water than a conventional home. Key aspects included super-insulated building envelope, airtight construction, passive solar design, and active solar thermal panels projected to provide over half the home's space and water heating. Measured performance found the home used 88% less energy and 66% less water annually compared to a typical home, meeting its aggressive conservation targets. The home demonstrated that extremely low-energy use is possible even in cold climates like Regina through integrated design principles.
High Mass Construction with SunTerra EnergyBlockSunterra Homes
SunTerra EnergyBlock is a new building system that uses concrete blocks with thermal mass to significantly reduce heating and cooling costs compared to traditional construction methods. By storing heat from the sun or other sources, and releasing it gradually, thermal mass helps keep homes warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Homes built with EnergyBlock can see energy cost reductions of up to 35% and exceed insulation standards while providing masonry beauty and strength. The system optimizes passive solar design principles for ultra-efficient green homes.
CEPT University, Ahmedabad - Net Zero Energy BuildingDanfoss India
CEPT (University focuses on understanding, designing, planning, constructing and managing human habitats. Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy (CARBSE) at CEPT University was established with the aim of providing impetus for research in energy efficiency in built environment and energy resource management at large. CEPT University was one of the top 10 shortlisted finalists for ACREX Hall of Fame powered by Danfoss.
Sustainable Practices
• Insulated wall, roof and floor to reduce heat gain
• Radiant panels and DOAS used for conditioning basement spaces
• Demand controlled fresh air supply based on CO2 sensor
• Combination of radiant panels and VRF for space conditioning for first and second floor
• LED fixtures for ambient and dimmable task lights
• Renewable (PV) Contribution – 34,461 kWh (for 10.5 months)
This document describes the design of a residential building in Jaisalmer, India using sustainable strategies. The design incorporates traditional Rajasthani architecture combined with modern technologies. Key aspects of the design include solar orientation, shading, ventilation, and use of local materials. Passive strategies like night flush cooling and utilizing prevailing winds are employed. The building is modeled and analyzed using Revit and Flow Design to optimize passive design elements and energy performance. Traditional designs are studied to inform the sustainable strategies used, which aim to reduce energy consumption through natural means without mechanical equipment.
The document summarizes the Factor 9 Home in Regina, Saskatchewan, which was designed to use 90% less energy and 50% less water than a conventional home. Key aspects included super-insulated building envelope, airtight construction, passive solar design, and active solar thermal panels projected to provide over half the home's space and water heating. Measured performance found the home used 88% less energy and 66% less water annually compared to a typical home, meeting its aggressive conservation targets. The home demonstrated that extremely low-energy use is possible even in cold climates like Regina through integrated design principles.
High Mass Construction with SunTerra EnergyBlockSunterra Homes
SunTerra EnergyBlock is a new building system that uses concrete blocks with thermal mass to significantly reduce heating and cooling costs compared to traditional construction methods. By storing heat from the sun or other sources, and releasing it gradually, thermal mass helps keep homes warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Homes built with EnergyBlock can see energy cost reductions of up to 35% and exceed insulation standards while providing masonry beauty and strength. The system optimizes passive solar design principles for ultra-efficient green homes.
CEPT University, Ahmedabad - Net Zero Energy BuildingDanfoss India
CEPT (University focuses on understanding, designing, planning, constructing and managing human habitats. Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy (CARBSE) at CEPT University was established with the aim of providing impetus for research in energy efficiency in built environment and energy resource management at large. CEPT University was one of the top 10 shortlisted finalists for ACREX Hall of Fame powered by Danfoss.
Sustainable Practices
• Insulated wall, roof and floor to reduce heat gain
• Radiant panels and DOAS used for conditioning basement spaces
• Demand controlled fresh air supply based on CO2 sensor
• Combination of radiant panels and VRF for space conditioning for first and second floor
• LED fixtures for ambient and dimmable task lights
• Renewable (PV) Contribution – 34,461 kWh (for 10.5 months)
This document describes the design of a residential building in Jaisalmer, India using sustainable strategies. The design incorporates traditional Rajasthani architecture combined with modern technologies. Key aspects of the design include solar orientation, shading, ventilation, and use of local materials. Passive strategies like night flush cooling and utilizing prevailing winds are employed. The building is modeled and analyzed using Revit and Flow Design to optimize passive design elements and energy performance. Traditional designs are studied to inform the sustainable strategies used, which aim to reduce energy consumption through natural means without mechanical equipment.
This document discusses net zero energy buildings (NZEBs). It defines NZEBs as buildings that generate as much renewable energy as they consume on an annual basis. It classifies NZEBs based on whether they use on-site or off-site renewable energy sources. Examples of zero energy buildings from around the world are provided, along with design strategies to achieve low and net zero energy performance. Advantages include reduced energy costs and carbon emissions, while disadvantages include higher initial costs and limited experience among designers and builders.
The document presents the remodelling of a school building in Pakistan to achieve net zero energy levels. It discusses analyzing the existing building, applying various retrofitting techniques like improving insulation, installing solar panels, using efficient lighting and an exterior shading system. This would reduce the building's cooling load from 303 to 105 tons and electricity load from 830 to 342 KWh. A 3D model of the proposed retrofitted building is also presented, which if implemented could help make the building more energy efficient and environmentally friendly.
This document studies the energy efficiency of rehabilitating an existing building in Portugal versus leaving it as a traditional building. It describes both buildings and compares their envelope insulation and mechanical systems. The rehabilitated building has improved insulation, windows, ventilation, heating and solar hot water systems. Analysis found the rehabilitated building uses 32% less energy for heating, 11% less for cooling, and 97% less for hot water annually compared to the traditional building. Rehabilitating existing buildings for improved energy efficiency can significantly reduce energy consumption and costs.
013_20160726_Overview of net zero energy buildings in the USsenicsummerschool
The document provides an overview of net zero energy buildings (NZEB) in the US. It discusses various building energy ratings systems like LEED and Green Globes. It then examines examples of early NZEB projects in Florida and Massachusetts that incorporated high insulation, efficient appliances and HVAC systems, and solar photovoltaics to achieve net zero status. The document concludes with descriptions of two high performance NZEB case studies, one in New Jersey utilizing solar thermal and PV, and another in Vermont using a ground source heat pump and wind power.
amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable energy created on the site
reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called “Energy Surplus Buildings”
During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world.
NZEB buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Traditional buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in all over the world and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
Sustainable architecture aims to minimize environmental impact through site analysis, passive design, material selection, and energy and water management. It creates buildings adapted to the local climate that maximize occupant comfort while integrating natural systems. Examples described include homes that enhance cross ventilation, harvest rainwater, orient openings for daylighting, and connect indoor and outdoor spaces to moderate temperatures. The goal is to design structures and plan communities that preserve natural resources for future generations.
[Nordic GBC Conference 2013] Aalto University - Experiences on Zero-Energy Bu...GBC Finland
The document describes two zero-energy building projects in Finland: Luukku, a student-designed wooden house that participated in the 2010 Solar Decathlon competition, and Lantti, a prototype Finnish zero-energy detached house designed for the 2020s. Luukku achieved net positive energy production through solar photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors. Lantti aims to be a standard detached house with an annual net zero energy balance through energy efficiency measures, own renewable energy production, and the use of sustainable materials and construction techniques. Both projects took a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to achieving very low energy use and net positive energy production.
Residential Case Studies of Passive Strategiesaiahouston
This document summarizes a presentation about passive design strategies for homes in hot humid climates like Texas. It provides examples of over a dozen case studies of homes designed by the presenter to utilize passive strategies like shading, ventilation, thermal mass, and daylighting to reduce energy usage and increase comfort. Owners of these passive homes reported rarely needing to use mechanical cooling or heating except when entertaining guests. The presentation aimed to teach architects the importance of passive design and demonstrate that approaches beyond conventional wood frame construction can create sustainable, resilient homes.
The document summarizes a seminar on zero energy buildings. It defines a zero energy building as one with zero net energy consumption annually, as the energy used is equal to that generated on-site by renewable sources. It describes how to achieve zero energy status through site selection, reducing energy loads via design, and employing renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind turbines. Examples of zero energy buildings in India are highlighted, including the largest rooftop solar installation on a multi-story building. A zero energy building is considered more sustainable than a general green building as it aims to fully offset energy usage and emissions.
High-Mass, SunTerra EnergyBlockTM ConstructionSunterra Homes
Sunterra EnergyBlock is a new insulated concrete block system that provides high thermal mass for energy efficient construction. It can reduce heating and cooling costs by up to 35% compared to lightweight construction by storing heat in winter and keeping interiors cool in summer. Appropriate use of thermal mass throughout a home can significantly improve comfort and lower bills. EnergyBlock also allows architects flexibility in exterior design while providing sound insulation, sustainability, and net-zero energy performance.
This document summarizes the design of a sustainable building for the hot and dry climate of Jaisalmer, India. Key strategies include orienting the building based on sun path and wind diagrams, using overhangs and courtyards for natural lighting and ventilation, constructing walls from local sandstone, and installing solar panels. Sustainability was achieved by drawing on traditional designs, including wing walls, adjustable louvers, and vents, without mechanical cooling. A life cycle assessment found that sandstone requires less energy than concrete alternatives.
This document summarizes the green features of a home called Hombelaku in Bangalore, India. The home was constructed between 2004-2006 using primarily local and natural materials like stabilized rammed earth, compressed earth blocks, and mud blocks to minimize environmental impact. Sustainable design elements include efficient solar lighting and water heating, cross ventilation for cooling, rainwater harvesting, waste segregation for composting, and renewable energy. The home aims to reduce its carbon footprint through careful planning, reuse, and developing self-sufficiency in resources like water and energy.
This lecture illustrates the opportunities for Passive House on commercial projects. Follow four case studies and learn how the Passive House building energy standard affects project planning, design, and what changes are made to the building envelope and mechanical systems to achieve it. Furthermore, this session highlights the differences in initial cost and life cycle cost, and provide insights into the energy conservation and CO2 reduction potential.
Intep & TE Studio designed the first certified Passive House in North America, as well as the first certified cold climate Passive House and the first certified cold climate Passive House retrofit (EnerPHit) in the world. Learn more at intep.com and testudio.com
Xavier Dubuisson is a consulting engineer with over 16 years of experience in renewable energy and energy efficiency. He founded XD Consulting in 2011 to provide sustainable energy services to private and public sector clients. He has pioneered local energy planning in Ireland and continues to support communities in transitioning to a low-carbon future.
Net Zero Energy in Very Cold Climates by Peter AmerongenMBHomeBuilders
This document discusses designing and building net zero energy homes in very cold climates. Key points include:
- Aggressive energy conservation through a well-insulated building envelope is critical to achieving net zero, as it is nearly impossible without it.
- Modeling the home's energy performance is important to optimize the design and minimize costs. This includes evaluating insulation levels, passive solar gain, and mechanical systems.
- Windows are a major source of heat loss, so selecting high-performance windows is important for the design.
The document describes the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan building project in New Delhi, which aims to be a net zero energy green building. Some key points:
- The building has a 930kWp solar PV system, the largest rooftop system on a multi-story building in India, which meets the building's total energy demand.
- Energy efficiency measures like chilled beams, geothermal heat exchange via 180 deep boreholes, and high performance glass optimize energy performance and reduce cooling loads.
- Sustainable materials like fly ash concrete, AAC blocks, and jute-bamboo composites are used to reduce embodied energy.
- Water conservation strategies like rainwater harvesting and
The document summarizes a presentation on energy savings from window retrofits in residential and commercial buildings in Minnesota. It discusses how window panels and films were modeled using energy modeling software to determine potential savings. For residential buildings, clear window panels can create 'triple pane' windows and save a similar amount of energy as window replacement, while being lower cost. Low-e window panels typically provide the most savings. Savings depend on building type, location, orientation and design for commercial buildings. Window retrofits represent significant potential for energy savings across the residential and commercial sectors in Minnesota.
This document discusses net zero energy buildings (NZEBs). It defines NZEBs as buildings that generate as much renewable energy as they consume on an annual basis. It classifies NZEBs based on whether they use on-site or off-site renewable energy sources. Examples of zero energy buildings from around the world are provided, along with design strategies to achieve low and net zero energy performance. Advantages include reduced energy costs and carbon emissions, while disadvantages include higher initial costs and limited experience among designers and builders.
The document presents the remodelling of a school building in Pakistan to achieve net zero energy levels. It discusses analyzing the existing building, applying various retrofitting techniques like improving insulation, installing solar panels, using efficient lighting and an exterior shading system. This would reduce the building's cooling load from 303 to 105 tons and electricity load from 830 to 342 KWh. A 3D model of the proposed retrofitted building is also presented, which if implemented could help make the building more energy efficient and environmentally friendly.
This document studies the energy efficiency of rehabilitating an existing building in Portugal versus leaving it as a traditional building. It describes both buildings and compares their envelope insulation and mechanical systems. The rehabilitated building has improved insulation, windows, ventilation, heating and solar hot water systems. Analysis found the rehabilitated building uses 32% less energy for heating, 11% less for cooling, and 97% less for hot water annually compared to the traditional building. Rehabilitating existing buildings for improved energy efficiency can significantly reduce energy consumption and costs.
013_20160726_Overview of net zero energy buildings in the USsenicsummerschool
The document provides an overview of net zero energy buildings (NZEB) in the US. It discusses various building energy ratings systems like LEED and Green Globes. It then examines examples of early NZEB projects in Florida and Massachusetts that incorporated high insulation, efficient appliances and HVAC systems, and solar photovoltaics to achieve net zero status. The document concludes with descriptions of two high performance NZEB case studies, one in New Jersey utilizing solar thermal and PV, and another in Vermont using a ground source heat pump and wind power.
amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable energy created on the site
reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called “Energy Surplus Buildings”
During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world.
NZEB buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Traditional buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in all over the world and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
Sustainable architecture aims to minimize environmental impact through site analysis, passive design, material selection, and energy and water management. It creates buildings adapted to the local climate that maximize occupant comfort while integrating natural systems. Examples described include homes that enhance cross ventilation, harvest rainwater, orient openings for daylighting, and connect indoor and outdoor spaces to moderate temperatures. The goal is to design structures and plan communities that preserve natural resources for future generations.
[Nordic GBC Conference 2013] Aalto University - Experiences on Zero-Energy Bu...GBC Finland
The document describes two zero-energy building projects in Finland: Luukku, a student-designed wooden house that participated in the 2010 Solar Decathlon competition, and Lantti, a prototype Finnish zero-energy detached house designed for the 2020s. Luukku achieved net positive energy production through solar photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors. Lantti aims to be a standard detached house with an annual net zero energy balance through energy efficiency measures, own renewable energy production, and the use of sustainable materials and construction techniques. Both projects took a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to achieving very low energy use and net positive energy production.
Residential Case Studies of Passive Strategiesaiahouston
This document summarizes a presentation about passive design strategies for homes in hot humid climates like Texas. It provides examples of over a dozen case studies of homes designed by the presenter to utilize passive strategies like shading, ventilation, thermal mass, and daylighting to reduce energy usage and increase comfort. Owners of these passive homes reported rarely needing to use mechanical cooling or heating except when entertaining guests. The presentation aimed to teach architects the importance of passive design and demonstrate that approaches beyond conventional wood frame construction can create sustainable, resilient homes.
The document summarizes a seminar on zero energy buildings. It defines a zero energy building as one with zero net energy consumption annually, as the energy used is equal to that generated on-site by renewable sources. It describes how to achieve zero energy status through site selection, reducing energy loads via design, and employing renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind turbines. Examples of zero energy buildings in India are highlighted, including the largest rooftop solar installation on a multi-story building. A zero energy building is considered more sustainable than a general green building as it aims to fully offset energy usage and emissions.
High-Mass, SunTerra EnergyBlockTM ConstructionSunterra Homes
Sunterra EnergyBlock is a new insulated concrete block system that provides high thermal mass for energy efficient construction. It can reduce heating and cooling costs by up to 35% compared to lightweight construction by storing heat in winter and keeping interiors cool in summer. Appropriate use of thermal mass throughout a home can significantly improve comfort and lower bills. EnergyBlock also allows architects flexibility in exterior design while providing sound insulation, sustainability, and net-zero energy performance.
This document summarizes the design of a sustainable building for the hot and dry climate of Jaisalmer, India. Key strategies include orienting the building based on sun path and wind diagrams, using overhangs and courtyards for natural lighting and ventilation, constructing walls from local sandstone, and installing solar panels. Sustainability was achieved by drawing on traditional designs, including wing walls, adjustable louvers, and vents, without mechanical cooling. A life cycle assessment found that sandstone requires less energy than concrete alternatives.
This document summarizes the green features of a home called Hombelaku in Bangalore, India. The home was constructed between 2004-2006 using primarily local and natural materials like stabilized rammed earth, compressed earth blocks, and mud blocks to minimize environmental impact. Sustainable design elements include efficient solar lighting and water heating, cross ventilation for cooling, rainwater harvesting, waste segregation for composting, and renewable energy. The home aims to reduce its carbon footprint through careful planning, reuse, and developing self-sufficiency in resources like water and energy.
This lecture illustrates the opportunities for Passive House on commercial projects. Follow four case studies and learn how the Passive House building energy standard affects project planning, design, and what changes are made to the building envelope and mechanical systems to achieve it. Furthermore, this session highlights the differences in initial cost and life cycle cost, and provide insights into the energy conservation and CO2 reduction potential.
Intep & TE Studio designed the first certified Passive House in North America, as well as the first certified cold climate Passive House and the first certified cold climate Passive House retrofit (EnerPHit) in the world. Learn more at intep.com and testudio.com
Xavier Dubuisson is a consulting engineer with over 16 years of experience in renewable energy and energy efficiency. He founded XD Consulting in 2011 to provide sustainable energy services to private and public sector clients. He has pioneered local energy planning in Ireland and continues to support communities in transitioning to a low-carbon future.
Net Zero Energy in Very Cold Climates by Peter AmerongenMBHomeBuilders
This document discusses designing and building net zero energy homes in very cold climates. Key points include:
- Aggressive energy conservation through a well-insulated building envelope is critical to achieving net zero, as it is nearly impossible without it.
- Modeling the home's energy performance is important to optimize the design and minimize costs. This includes evaluating insulation levels, passive solar gain, and mechanical systems.
- Windows are a major source of heat loss, so selecting high-performance windows is important for the design.
The document describes the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan building project in New Delhi, which aims to be a net zero energy green building. Some key points:
- The building has a 930kWp solar PV system, the largest rooftop system on a multi-story building in India, which meets the building's total energy demand.
- Energy efficiency measures like chilled beams, geothermal heat exchange via 180 deep boreholes, and high performance glass optimize energy performance and reduce cooling loads.
- Sustainable materials like fly ash concrete, AAC blocks, and jute-bamboo composites are used to reduce embodied energy.
- Water conservation strategies like rainwater harvesting and
The document summarizes a presentation on energy savings from window retrofits in residential and commercial buildings in Minnesota. It discusses how window panels and films were modeled using energy modeling software to determine potential savings. For residential buildings, clear window panels can create 'triple pane' windows and save a similar amount of energy as window replacement, while being lower cost. Low-e window panels typically provide the most savings. Savings depend on building type, location, orientation and design for commercial buildings. Window retrofits represent significant potential for energy savings across the residential and commercial sectors in Minnesota.
The document discusses Energy Fit Homes, a program that certifies existing homes in Minnesota as energy efficient. It aims to make energy efficiency visible and drive demand for cost-effective upgrades. Homes are given an Energy Fitness Score based on categories like insulation and heating systems. To certify, homes must score 96+ and meet requirements in areas like attics, walls, heating and ventilation. Over 7,000 homes have been scored so far, with 253 certified. On average, certified homes save $250-400 annually on energy costs. The program aims to expand through partnerships with utilities, cities, and realtors.
Reframed Tech Series: Solar panels & deep retrofitsPembina Institute
The Pembina Institute presents the Reframed Tech Series — webinars on evolving deep retrofit solutions.
Watch our fourth webinar to hear from leaders in integrating solar panels into deep retrofit solutions. Learn about solar costing and projects underway, and ask burning questions about the opportunities and challenges of bundling photovoltaic systems with retrofit packages.
https://pembina.org/ReframedTechSeries
“Decarbonising cities” – Prof Lucelia Rodrigues, University of NottinghamKyungeun Sung
“Decarbonising cities” – Prof Lucelia Rodrigues, University of Nottingham, presenting at the Net Zero Conference 2022, ‘Research Journeys in/to Net Zero: Current and Future Research Leaders in the Midlands, UK’ (on Friday 24th June 2022 at De Montfort University)
This document describes a proposed green apartment building in Marseille, France. It is a 5-story building containing 18 apartments across 22,000 square feet. It incorporates various green features like individual greenhouses, a green roof, solar panels, and rainwater retention systems. Energy modeling estimates the building will use 32,000 BTU per square foot per year but solar panels can produce around 6,000 BTU per square foot annually, resulting in an energy use intensity similar to a Passivhaus. The building is also expected to achieve LEED Gold certification and save approximately $4,690 per year in energy costs.
This document summarizes a presentation on retrofitting historic windows for energy savings rather than replacement. It discusses how window retrofits can achieve similar energy savings as new windows through options like weatherstripping, storm windows, insulating shades and films. A study found most retrofit options had better return on investment than full window replacement. The document outlines the components and repair processes for common wood and steel window types to maximize performance through maintenance and minor repairs. It emphasizes fixing other building envelope issues first before addressing windows to achieve the best energy savings.
Passive House Principles for Hot Humid Climatesaiahouston
This document discusses passive house strategies for hot and humid climates. It begins with an overview of passive house principles, including optimizing orientation, super insulation, air sealing, and high-performance windows. It then discusses specific strategies for hot and humid climates, such as envelope strategies to minimize solar heat gain, ventilation systems with heat and moisture recovery, and passive cooling techniques like night purge ventilation. The document emphasizes that passive building design must be climate specific, noting differences in factors like heating and cooling degree days, humidity levels, and solar radiation between climates.
Green Building: Sustainable Architecture
Environmentally responsible and resource efficient building design. Architecture that minimizes the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency in the use of materials and energy. Goal: to effectively reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment and increase comfort and livability. Consistent with AIA sponsored Architecture Challenge 2030.
McNaughton Architectural Inc. | http://mna-p.com
300 E State St Suite 360, Redlands, CA 92373
(909) 583-1806
This document discusses energy efficient design strategies for buildings. It begins with background on how buildings account for a large portion of energy consumption and emissions. It then discusses Saudi Arabia's energy scenario, noting high per capita electricity consumption. The main sections cover energy efficient design strategies for architectural design, lighting, water systems, energy management, and HVAC. For each area, recommendations are provided such as building orientation, insulation, daylighting, water recycling, and efficient HVAC systems. The document concludes that following these strategies can significantly reduce energy usage and emissions from buildings.
The Center for Energy and Environment (CEE) is a nonprofit organization that conducts research on energy efficiency technologies and designs energy efficiency programs. CEE recently completed research projects on advanced rooftop HVAC controls and envelope aerosol sealing for multifamily buildings. For rooftop HVAC units, CEE tested optimization packages and found average electric savings of 10-15% but negative or insignificant gas savings. For multifamily buildings, aerosol sealing of unit envelopes reduced air leakage by 78-95% on average. CEE is continuing to research ways to commercialize aerosol sealing and lower its costs.
- The project focuses on improving energy efficiency in residential homes through techniques like reducing water and energy waste and using renewable energy.
- A survey was conducted of 40 people to understand consumer behaviors related to energy and water usage.
- Key steps to make a home more energy efficient include improving air sealing and insulation, upgrading heating/cooling equipment, installing efficient windows, using LED lighting, and incorporating renewable energy sources like solar panels.
- Passive solar design principles can also help, such as south-facing windows to capture sunlight, thermal mass materials, and landscape design to provide shade.
Feasibility study on applicable net-zero buildings solution considering embod...WongManPan
This document presents a feasibility study on applying net-zero energy building solutions considering embodied energy and environmental issues. The study analyzes a low-rise residential building (Rosewood Village) and a high-rise residential building (Sunnyside Manor) to evaluate achieving net-zero energy performance through building retrofits, renewable energy systems, and participation in a net-zero energy community. Computer simulations were used to model the energy consumption of the baseline and improved designs, and found it is feasible for the low-rise building to achieve net-zero but the high-rise building requires support from a cooperative community approach.
The document discusses the importance of solar shading in reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions from buildings. It notes that buildings account for 40% of energy use and 36% of carbon emissions in the EU. Solar shading can provide significant energy savings for both heating and cooling needs when integrated into new and existing buildings. Dynamic solar shading solutions paired with high-performance glazing can achieve over 60% cooling energy savings compared to unshaded buildings. Proper solar shading is essential for optimizing daylighting and indoor comfort while minimizing energy use in buildings.
This document summarizes strategies for improving energy and comfort in buildings. It discusses orientation, window area, air change rate, HVAC systems, shading systems, domestic hot water systems, insulation, net zero energy buildings, and thermal comfort. For each topic, it analyzes the existing or reference solution and proposes three alternative solutions, providing energy usage and classification for each. The best solutions are identified based on balancing energy savings and costs. Thermal comfort analysis is also presented, comparing measured indoor temperatures to the comfort zone.
New Kid on the Block: Passive House Comes into Pittsburgh's Neighborhoodlucyna99
Super energy efficient and modern Passive House Duplex has been designed for Squirrel Hill neighborhood in Pittsburgh, PA. A Passive House is so well insulated and is so air-tight that heating and cooling energy is cut by up to 80% compared to standard new construction. Half of the duplex is available for pre-sale.
Green one- The first 5 Star Rated SVAGRIHA ProjectNilanjan Bhowal
The document provides details on a residential building project in India that has been designed according to SVAGRIHA green building criteria. It describes the site area and built-up area. It then summarizes the application of each of the 14 criteria, including reducing heat gain through landscaping and passive design, optimizing daylight and artificial lighting, improving building envelope insulation, using renewable energy and energy efficient appliances, reducing water and waste, and encouraging green lifestyles.
[Metropolia Student Project Seminar 24.5.] Zero Energy Buildings, Group AGBC Finland
This document discusses zero energy buildings and efforts around the world to promote their development and adoption. It provides background on zero energy buildings and their definition, which can vary by country but generally means a building where total annual energy output equals total energy consumption using renewable sources. The document then summarizes policies and initiatives in several countries to establish targets and standards for low energy buildings. Specific case studies of zero energy projects in South Korea, Japan, and Finland are also presented.
Similar to The Impact of Window Energy Efficiency: Part II (20)
The document summarizes a field study of 8 cold-climate air-source heat pumps (ccASHPs) installed in Minnesota homes. It found that the ccASHPs performed as expected for heating, with annual COPs lower than ratings due to auxiliary heat use. Flex fuel ccASHPs could heat below 5°F while all-electric systems could heat below -13°F. Installations of ccASHPs showed potential for 40-60% reductions in site energy use, emissions and costs compared to propane or electric resistance heating. The study demonstrated ccASHPs can provide beneficial electrification in Minnesota.
This document summarizes research on cold-climate air-source heat pumps conducted in Minnesota homes. Eight heat pumps were monitored, including six ducted whole-home systems and two ductless mini-split systems. The heat pumps performed well down to 5-10 degrees Fahrenheit for ducted systems and below -13F for ductless. Annual COPs were 1.2-2.1, providing energy savings of 40-60% compared to electric resistance or propane heating. Paybacks were estimated at 6 years or less when paired with replacing an existing heating or cooling system. Further research is needed to optimize controls and expand applications to multifamily buildings.
The Center for Energy and Environment (CEE) provided information to the House Energy and Climate Finance and Policy Committee. CEE takes a data-driven, community-based, and consumer-focused approach to reducing energy waste through programs, services, policy work, and technical research. CEE has award-winning efficiency programs across Minnesota that have saved customers over $7.3 million annually in one representative's district. CEE advocates for legislative initiatives that integrate efficient fuel switching, demand response, and a clean energy first approach into Minnesota's conservation programs.
The document discusses achieving a healthy low-carbon economy in Minnesota. It identifies three keys: maximizing energy efficiency, decarbonizing electricity supply by retiring coal and other high-carbon plants, and strategic electrification of parts of the economy like transportation and buildings. Maximizing efficiency can save significant amounts of energy and avoid infrastructure costs. Decarbonizing electricity supply is critical as over 95% of the state's power sector emissions come from plants that will retire in the next 20 years. Strategic electrification technologies like heat pumps, electric vehicles, and buses can reduce emissions if deployed in a way that reduces energy use and costs and does not excessively increase peak demand.
This document summarizes a field study of 8 cold-climate air-source heat pumps (ccASHPs) installed in Minnesota homes. 6 units were ducted whole-home systems while 2 were ductless mini-splits. Instrumentation monitored performance of the heat pumps and backup systems. Results found ducted units could provide heat down to 5-10°F while ductless units operated below -13°F. Ducted flexible fuel ccASHPs improved annual COP to 1.3 and reduced propane use by 60% compared to condensing furnaces. Ductless ccASHPs achieved annual COPs of 2.1, reducing energy and costs by 55% versus electric resistance heat. The study concluded
This document summarizes research on the cost effectiveness of condensing boilers. Field research was conducted on existing condensing boilers, which found average efficiencies of 90%. Retrocommissioning actions like lowering supply temperatures and adjusting reset curves improved efficiencies by 1-3%. On average, condensing boilers provided 13% annual savings over standard boilers. The average price difference of $2,300 between condensing and standard boilers means condensing boilers have a simple 25-year payback and are cost effective over the lifetime of the unit, with a path to a 10-year payback.
This document summarizes the results of a pilot program that provided commercial energy code compliance services through plan review and design team support. The program worked with cities and design teams on several commercial building projects. It found that targeted tools and building-specific assistance helped capture energy savings cost-effectively. Providing support to city reviewers also had more success recruiting participants with lower marketing costs. Overall, the pilot demonstrated significant potential for energy savings through improved commercial building energy code compliance.
Leveraging existing home inspections at time-of-sale to promote energy upgrades. Presentation given at ACEEE 2018 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings.
Here are some key considerations for utility EV charging programs based on the discussion:
- A single network provider can simplify program administration and enable integrated demand response capabilities across different charging locations and hardware options. However, it may limit customer choice.
- Make-ready incentives and rebates with multiple qualified network providers gives more customer choice but makes demand response coordination challenging if networks are not interoperable.
- Utility ownership of charging infrastructure allows more direct control over demand response but may require larger upfront investment compared to make-ready incentives.
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4. Pg. 4
This project was supported by a grant from the
Minnesota Department of Commerce through the
Conservation Applied Research and Development
(CARD) program.
5. Pg. 5
GBCI Learning Objectives
1. The applicability of window retrofit technologies to various
building types with different energy usage
2. The applicability of various retrofits across Minnesota's
two climate zones
3. The benefits of using energy modeling tools instead of
field data to understand energy savings
4. The building and WRT scenarios that provide the greatest
payback and customer benefit
6. Pg. 6
Team & Presenter Introduction
Gustav Brandstrom P.E.
Center for Energy and Environment
Project Engineer
Project Team
Center for Energy and Environment
Chris Plum
Gustav Brandstrom
Christie Traczyk
Center for Sustainable Building Research
John Carmody
Kerry Haglund
7. Pg. 7
Agenda
• Background
• What are window retrofits?
• Summary of the results
• Determining energy savings
• Residential building results
• Commercial building results
• Opportunities for market transformation
8. Pg. 8
Agenda
• Background
• What are window retrofits?
• Summary of the results
• Determining energy savings
• Residential building results
• Commercial building results
• Opportunities for market transformation
9. Pg. 9
Scope of the Research Project
• Explore the potential for energy savings
• Focus is window panels and window films
• Residential and commercial uses
• Literature review
• Current product review
• Industry and building owner survey
• Modeling of technologies to determine cost-benefit
• RESFEN, COMFEN, and ENERGY PLUS
• Suggest strategies for implementation
10. Pg. 10
Agenda
• Background
• What are window retrofits?
• Summary of the results
• Determining energy savings
• Residential building results
• Commercial building results
• Opportunities for market transformation
12. Pg. 12
The technologies studied
• Anything added to an existing window
• Blinds
• Shades
• Curtains
• Shutters
• Awnings
• Screens
• Exterior storm windows
• Interior storm windows (panels)
• Window films
• New products
• Electrochromic inserts
• Solar films
13. Pg. 13
The Current Minnesota Window Stock
Trends
• In 1980 45% of all windows were double pane; now
97% are double pane.
• 56% of all new windows have a low-e coating (2005)
Market Potential
• Windows are typically replaced every 40 years
• About 2 million housing units in MN
• About 120,000 commercial buildings in MN
• Over 800,000 windows are installed annually
14. Pg. 14
Effect of Windows on Wall Insulation
Courtesy of Building Science Corporation
U-ValueSingle Clear
Window
Energy Star
Window
Dbl Clear
Window
15. Pg. 15
Climate zones
90% of US Population lives in zones 2, 3, 4 and 5.
We live in zones 6 and 7.
16. Pg. 16
Agenda
• Background
• What are window retrofits?
• Summary of the results
• Determining energy savings
• Residential building results
• Commercial building results
• Opportunities for market transformation
17. Pg. 17
Summary of the results
1. Adding a panel = Whole window upgrade
2. Minnesota has more heating, less cooling than other
parts of the US
• Winter sun helps more than summer sun hurts
3. Low-e coatings keep heat from passing through
window
• Lower cooling energy can be less than increased heating
4. Recommended technologies have a range of
payback: 2 to 15 years
18. Pg. 18
Effect of Windows on Wall Insulation
Courtesy of Building Science Corporation
U-ValueSingle Clear
Window
Energy Star
Window
Dbl Clear
Window
19. Pg. 19
Agenda
• Background
• What are window retrofits?
• Summary of the results
• Determining energy savings
• Residential building results
• Commercial building results
• Opportunities for market transformation
20. Pg. 20
Determining energy savings
• Energy modeling
• Established methods
• Standard buildings
• Representative of 2/3 of the state’s building stock
• Change the windows but leave everything else the
same
• Model output is energy use by heating, cooling,
lighting, hot water, plugs loads, fans, pumps and
motors
21. Pg. 21
Energy Modeling
• Residential Energy Modeling for this project
• Modeled a variety of residential buildings with RESFEN
• Validated the published research of DOE/PNNL
Residential
22. Pg. 22
Energy Modeling
• Typical house
• 2,000 sq ft, with 255 sq ft of windows
• 25’ x 40’ footprint
• 8 ft wall height
• 17 windows
• 3’x5’ each
• Evenly distributed around the house
• 2 stories (includes “basement”)
• Wall area above ground 1,700 sq. ft. (15% window/wall ratio)
• Wall area below ground 500 sq. ft.
Residential
23. Pg. 23
Energy Modeling
• Commercial Energy Modeling for this project
• Modeled ~4,000 runs with EnergyPlus
• Specific product runs:
• Solar blocking window film
» Film A – Low-e film with high SHGC
» Film B – Low-e film with low SHGC
» Tint Film – Film with low SHGC
• Interior panel with clear acrylic
• Interior panel with Low-e glass
• Other runs:
• Full scale U-values (0.25-1.25)
• Full scale SHGC (0.1-0.9)
• Full scale VT (0.1-0.9)
Commercial
24. Pg. 24
Agenda
• Background
• What are window retrofits?
• Summary of the results
• Determining energy savings
• Residential building results
• Commercial building results
• Opportunities for market transformation
25. Pg. 25
Residential building results
• Houses represent 82% of the energy saving potential
from window retrofits in Minnesota
• Houses are “envelope driven” so window
improvements will save energy
• Assuming installation is done properly
• Clear window panels create ‘triple pane’ windows
• Lower cost than a window replacement
• Adding a low e coating (either with an applied film or
on the window panel) usually improves performance
Residential
26. Pg. 26
Residential total energy use profile
• Over half of the typical home’s energy is for heating
and cooling
• Highly dependent on occupant behavior
• Thermostat set point and setback
• Use of curtains or shades
• Highly dependent on the local environment
• Shading from trees
• Protection from wind
• Orientation of windows (where are south and west?)
Residential
27. Pg. 27
Home energy use in Minnesota
56%
3%
18%
6%
4%
5%
4% 4%
Heating
Cooling
Water Heating
Lighting
Cooking
Electronics
Refrigeration
Other
Residential
60%
28. Pg. 28
Simple model of heat loss (“Manual J”)
Heat loss depends on:
• U value = U
• Surface area = A
• Temperature across the surface = ∆T
• We compared code and typical/observed values
• Roof R-40 (code) or R-20 (typical)
• Walls R-13 (code) or R-10 (typical good)
• Basement: used heat loss based on research work (~R-30)
• Windows: Published values (R-2 to R-4)
Residential
29. Pg. 29
Better wall insulation makes windows a
larger route for heat loss
Typical home construction
• 48% of heat loss through walls (excluding windows)
• 32% of heat lost through windows
• 12% of heat lost through ceiling
• 8% of heat lost through basement floor
2004 ASHRAE 90.1, adopted by Minnesota in 2007
(Window and wall improvements)
• 40% of heat loss through frame walls (R-19 from R-10)
• 37% of heat lost through windows (U=0.35 from 0.50)
• 10% of heat lost through ceiling (R-40)
• 12% of heat lost through basement floor (R-30)
Residential
30. Pg. 30
Heating vs. cooling savings
Duluth Minneapolis
Heating Degree
Days
9,724 7,876
Energy per sq ft of
window area (Double clear,
u = 0.50)
1.30 Th 1.05 Th
Cooling Degree Days 225 700
Energy (source) per
sq ft of window area
(Double clear, u = 0.50)
0.06 Th 0.19 Th
HDD*24 hrs/day*U/(100,000btu/Th*0.90) with 90% furnace efficiency
Residential
32. Pg. 32
Window retrofit savings in residential
buildings
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Low E Panel Clear Panel Film A Film B Tint Film
kBtusaved/windowft2
Heating
Cooling
Residential
33. Pg. 33
Savings are larger in houses than
apartments
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Low E Panel Clear Panel Film A Film B Tint Film
kBtusaved/windowft2
Midrise Apartment
Home
Residential
34. Pg. 34
Savings depends on orientation
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
North East South West
kBtusaved/windowft2
low-e panel
Clear Panel
Film A
Film B
House in Duluth
Residential
35. Pg. 35
Value of the savings in a house
Retrofit Location Total Energy
Saved, %
$ Savings
(natural gas
heat)
Annual $ Savings
(electric)
Panel, clear Zone 6 6.2% $ 64 $ 146
Panel, Low-e Zone 6 8.1% $ 84 $ 191
Film A Zone 6 3.2% $ 33 $ 75
Panel, clear Zone 7 6.5% $ 82 $ 189
Panel, Low-e Zone 7 8.4% $ 102 $ 244
Film A Zone 7 2.9% $ 35 $ 84
Low-e window panels save the most money,
although they are also the most expensive product
Residential
36. Pg. 36
Agenda
• Background
• What are window retrofits?
• Summary of the results
• Determining energy savings
• Residential building results
• Commercial building results
• Opportunities for market transformation
37. Pg. 37
Commercial building results
• Savings depends on building type
• Defined by primary activity
• Typical construction
• Operations
• Maintenance
• Location
• Orientation
• Design
Commercial
38. Pg. 38
Commercial buildings in Minnesota
Building Size
(ft2
)
# of
Buildings
% of
Buildings
Total Area
(sq.ft.)
% of
Area Building Types
5,001 to 10,000 17,090 20% 126,785,374 10%
Small Office,
Restaurant
10,001 to
25,000 14,602 17% 228,206,463 18%
Strip Mall, Standalone
Retail, Mid-rise
Apartment
25,001 to
50,000 4,705 5% 169,131,293 13%
Small Hotel, Outpatient
Healthcare,
Supermarket
50,001 to
100,000 2,650 3% 185,518,027 14%
Medium Office, Primary
and Secondary School,
Warehouse100,001 to
200,000 1,334 2% 184,184,014 14%
200,001 to
500,000 469 1% 135,095,918 10% Large Office, Hospital,
High Rise ApartmentOver 500,000 144 0% 138,088,435 11%
Commercial
39. Pg. 39
MN Commercial Building Site Energy Use
31%
10%
6%
3%
25%
25% Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Water Heating
Lighting
Equipment
Commercial
40%
40. Pg. 40
Heating and cooling energy varies by
building type
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Commercial
41. Pg. 41
Windows are a major source of heating and
cooling load in commercial buildings
Commercial
43. Pg. 43
Comparison of window retrofits on
office buildings
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Low E Panel Clear Panel Film A Film B Tint Film
kBtusaved/windowft2
Heating
Cooling
Commercial
44. Pg. 44
One-story commercial buildings
Includes small offices, standalone retail, strip malls, supermarkets
and warehouses
Commercial
45. Pg. 45
Energy savings in single story
buildings
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Low E
Panel
Clear Panel Film A Film B Tint Film
kBtusaved/windowft2
Small Office
Stand-alone Retail
Strip Mall
Warehouse
Supermarket
Commercial
46. Pg. 46
Hotels had smaller than average
savings
(10)
-
10
20
30
40
50
Low E Panel Clear Panel Film A Film B Tint Film
kBtusaved/windowft2
Heating
Cooling
Commercial
47. Pg. 47
Date of construction has a minor
impact (Clear panel)
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Large
Office
Midrise
Apartment
Primary
School
Secondary
School
Small
Office
Strip Mall
Duluth
Pre 1980 1980-2004 New
Window retrofits save energy in buildings of all ages
Commercial
48. Pg. 48
Zone 7 savings are always higher than
Zone 6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Large Office Midrise
Apartment
Primary
School
Secondary
School
Small Office Strip Mall Home
kBtu/windowft2
Duluth Minneapolis
50. Pg. 50
Effect of fuel prices
Fuel Market Cost Unit Cost
($/100
kbtu)
Annual Savings for a
home in Zone 7 with
Low-e window
panels
Payback of
$2,500
Investment
(years)
Natural gas $0.92/therm $ 0.92 $ 78 19
Electricity $0.11/kWh $ 3.31 $ 283 5
Propane $2.06/gal $ 2.24 $ 191 8
Fuel Oil $3.87/gal $ 2.78 $ 238 6
$-
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
Single Pane Double Pane Low-E
AnnualUtilityCost
Gas Heat Electric Heat
51. Pg. 51
Panel paybacks with natural gas heat
Retrofit Type of Building
% of Total Energy
Saved
Payback
Clear Panel Outpatient 1.1% 6.7
Clear Panel Medium Office 3.9% 7.3
Clear Panel Hospital 1.1% 9.8
Low E Panel Hospital 3.0% 3.5
Low E Panel Outpatient 2.7% 3.6
Low E Panel Medium Office 5.1% 6.4
Low E Panel Secondary School 4.4% 12.5
Low E Panel Large Office 6.6% 13.5
Low E Panel Primary School 5.8% 13.7
Low E Panel House 7.6% 14.9
52. Pg. 52
Film paybacks with natural gas heat
Retrofit Type of Building
% of Total Energy
Saved
Payback
Film A Hospital 2.3% 8
Film A Outpatient 1.9% 10
Film B Hospital 3.5% 3
Film B Outpatient 3.1% 4
Film B Medium Office 1.1% 14
Film B Secondary School 2.8% 15
53. Pg. 53
Maximum impact: Low-e panel and
electric heat
Building Savings (%) # Buildings Payback
(years)
Saving Potential
(Billion Btu)
House 7.6% 1,290,000 4 12,848
Outpatient 2.7% 2,353 2 621
Secondary School 4.4% 474 4 459
Hospital 3.0% 269 1 392
Medium Office 5.1% 1,557 6 334
Primary School 5.8% 547 4 228
Large Office 6.6% 64 4 160
Midrise Apartment 2.3% 2,233 7 155
Stand-alone Retail 0.4% 10,694 12 152
Small Office 2.5% 10,543 11 117
Large Hotel 0.6% 561 13 114
54. Pg. 54
Commercial building savings potential
Healthcare
32%
Schools
27%
Office
Buildings
22%
Retail
8%
Other
6%
Apartments
5%
55. Pg. 55
Agenda
• Background
• What are window retrofits?
• Summary of the results
• Determining energy savings
• Residential building results
• Commercial building results
• Opportunities for market transformation
56. Pg. 56
Opportunities for market
transformation
• Increase awareness of window retrofits
• Consumer energy guides
• Conferences and webinars
• Division of Energy Resources newsletter
• Community based programs (CERTS)
• Include in approved energy efficiency product
inventory for loan and weatherization
programs
57. Pg. 57
Opportunities for market
transformation
• Offer prescriptive rebates
• $5/ Dt saved is about $50 for an average home
• $0.045/kWh saved for electric heat
• Custom rebates for large projects
(over 500 Dt)
61. Pg. 61
Literature Sources
• Hundreds of articles are available
• Our team includes recognized experts from the
University of Minnesota
62. Pg. 62
More Background
The Impact of Window Energy Efficiency and How to
Make Smart Choices
Webinar by John Carmody and Kerry Haglund available at
http://mncee.org/Innovation-Exchange/Events-And-Webinars/The-
Impact-of-Window-Energy-Efficiency-and-How-to-/
Course offered at the University of Minnesota’s Center
for Sustainable Building Research
http://www.csbr.umn.edu/research/aia2030training.html
63. Pg. 63
Web base tools and resources
• Commercial Windows
• http://www.commercialwindows.org/
• Joint development effort of University of Minnesota’s Center
for Sustainable Building Research, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory and Building America
• Efficient Windows (Residential)
• http://www.efficientwindows.org/
• Efficient Window Coverings (Residential and
Commercial)
• http://www.efficientwindowcoverings.org/
73. “Low-e”
Low-emissivity coating
Thin metal oxide film that reflects
infra-red radiation
When on the inside of the window
“keeps heat in”
In southern states used on the
outside of the window to keeps heat
out
Often does not save energy
in Minnesota
75. Pg. 75
Clear window panels (Zone 6)
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Healthcare Hotel Office One Story Residential Restaurant School
kBtusaved/windowft2
Heating Cooling
76. Pg. 76
Low-e panels (Zone 6)
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Hotel Office One Story Residential Restaurant School
kbtusaved/windowft2
Heating Cooling
77. Pg. 77
Window Film A (Zone 6)
(10)
-
10
20
30
40
50
Hotel Office One Story Residential Restaurant School
kbtusaved/windowft2
Heating Cooling
Ener-Logic Film
78. Pg. 78
Window Film B (Zone 6)
(30)
(20)
(10)
-
10
20
30
40
50
Hotel Office One Story Residential Restaurant School
kbtusaved/windowft2
Heating Cooling
3M Amber Low-e
79. Pg. 79
Effect of tinted window films
(30)
(20)
(10)
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Healthcare Hotel Office One Story Residential Restaurant School
kBtusaved/windowft2
Heating Cooling