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Endocrine Disorders and diseases ppt.pptx
- 3. Type I Diabetes • High blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) – >200 mg/dL – shaking, sweating, anxiety, hunger, difficulty concentrating, weight loss, fatigue, increased thirst, urinating often • Excess excreted in urine • Insulin dependent diabetes – Juvenile onset diabetes
- 4. Type I Diabetes Causes • Insulin deficiency because body does not naturally produce insulin • Often caused by inherited immune disorder that destroys pancreatic cells
- 5. Type I Diabetes Treatment • Insulin injections • Monitor blood glucose levels • Exercise & healthy diet
- 7. Type II Diabetes Description • High blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) – >200 mg/dL – Shaking, sweating, anxiety, hunger, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, urinating often • Non-insulin dependent diabetes – Adult-onset diabetes
- 8. Type II Diabetes Causes • Body does not use insulin properly (insulin resistance) • Pancreas makes extra insulin at first, but over time cannot keep up and cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose at normal levels
- 9. Type II Diabetes Treatment • Insulin injections • Monitor blood glucose levels • Exercise & healthy diet
- 10. Hypothyroidism
- 12. Hypothyroidism Description • Poor muscle tone, fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, depression, pale and dry skin, decreased sweating, weight gain • Goiters can develop • Later - slow speech, deep puffy face, low body temperature and abnormal menstrual cycles
- 13. Hypothyroidism Causes • Iodine deficiency • Autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack thyroid
- 14. Hypothyroidism Treatment • Hormone replacement pills for thyroid hormones • Iodine in diet
- 15. Graves’ Disease Description • Enlarged thyroid, protrusion of eyes, lumpy reddish skin on lower legs, excessive reactions to stimuli, period of hyperactivity and fatigue, tremors • Symptoms usually develop slowly over a long period.
- 16. Graves’ Disease Causes • Autoimmune disorder triggered by a bacterial infection leading to the overproduction of hormones in the thyroid.
- 17. Graves’ Disease
- 18. Graves’ Disease
- 19. Graves’ Disease Treatments • Can only treat symptoms. Antithyroid drugs, partial or complete destruction of thyroid by radioactive iodine, partial or complete surgical removal of thyroid
- 20. Dwarfism
- 21. Dwarfism
- 22. Dwarfism
- 23. Dwarfism Description • A person who is shorter than 4’ 10”
- 24. Dwarfism Causes • Two main causes: – Achondroplasia-a genetic condition that causes growth factors to not be registered by the bones. – Human growth hormone (HGH) deficiency-many reasons for this including genetics, stress and malnutrition.
- 25. Dwarfism Treatment • Hormone therapy if growth hormone deficiency. • PT and braces if the condition causes pain.
- 26. Acromegaly
- 27. Acromegaly
- 28. Acromegaly
- 29. Acromegaly Description • Enlargement of the hands, feet, nose, lips and ears, heart, kidney, skull • Protruding brow and lower jaw, gaps between lower teeth • Headaches and visual disturbances.
- 30. Acromegaly Causes • Overproduction of growth hormones is caused by a benign tumor of the pituitary gland • Tumors produce excess growth hormones and, as they expand, compress surrounding brain tissues, such as the optic nerves
- 31. Acromegaly Treatment • Surgery, drug therapy or radiation therapy to remove or destroy the tumor.