A full guide to diabetes and its hazards.

1. Diabetes Awareness Workshop
By Miss Rabia Qasim

2. Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic,
lifelong condition that affects
your body's ability to use the
energy found in food.

3. Types
Diabetes
Diabetes
Type 1
Gestational
Diabetes
Diabetes
Type 2

4. Diabetes Type 1
• Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition.
It's caused by the body attacking its
own pancreas with antibodies. In people
with type 1 diabetes, the
damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin.
• This type of diabetes may be caused by a
genetic predisposition. It could also be the
result of faulty beta cells in the pancreas that
normally produce insulin.

5. Diabetes Type 2
Diabetes 2
Insufficient insulin
production in
body.
Lack of
sensitivity of
cells towards
insulin.

6. Gestational Diabetes
• Diabetes that's triggered by pregnancy is
called gestational diabetes (pregnancy, to
some degree, leads to insulin resistance). It is
often diagnosed in middle or late pregnancy.
• It can occur anywhere from a few weeks after
delivery to months or years later.

7. Causing Factors of Diabetes Type 1
Viral or
bacterial
infection
Chemical toxins
Genetic
disposition

8. Causing Factors of Diabetes Type 2
Stress Obesity
Smoking
Lack of
exercise
Unhealthy
Lifestyle
Genetic
disposition

11. Symptoms

12. Symptoms
● Tingling or numbness in hands or feet. Tingling and numbness occur due
to a decrease in glucose in the cells.
● Dry skin. Because of polyuria, the skin becomes dehydrated.
● Skin lesions or wounds those are slow to heal. Instead of entering the
cells, glucose crowds inside blood vessels, hindering the passage of white
blood cells which are needed for wound healing.
● Recurrent infections. Due to the high concentration of glucose, bacteria
thrive easily.
● People with severe insulin resistance sometimes may get dark patches of
skin on their necks, elbows, knees, hands, and armpits.

13. Management
• Learn about Diabetes
• Take Diabetes seriously
• Cope with your Diabetes
• Eat well

14. Management
• Be active

15. Stress and High BSL
Stress can increase our
adrenaline and puts our body in
a fight or flight condition. In
which body release extra energy
in the form of stored glycogen in
the blood, causing high level of
blood sugar level.

16. Management
• Know what to do every day:
● Take your medicines for diabetes on time.
● Check your Blood Sugar Level (after two hours of
meal).
Target blood glucose levels for
most people who have diabetes (mg/dl)
Before meals 90 to 130
1 to 2 hours after the start of a meal less than 180
Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) 70 or below
Home remedies
Any kind of home remedies cannot
treat or cure your diabetes. Don’t skip
your medicine or insulin relaying on any
other treatment. And even if you want,
kindly have a check on your blood sugar
level, it must not elevate from 180.

17. Management
● Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, red spots, and
swelling. Consult your doctor immediately if about any
sores that do not go away.
● Brush your teeth and floss every day to keep your mouth,
teeth, and gums healthy.
● Stop smoking.
● Keep track of your blood sugar. You may want to check it
one or more times a day. Be sure to talk about it with your
health care team.
● Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises and keep a
record of it.

18. Management
• Talk to your doctor:
● Ask your doctor if you have any questions
about your diabetes.
● Report any changes in your health (even
minor changes- Don’t ignore).

19. For Diabetic Patients
It is preferable for Diabetic
patients to don’t have pets like dogs
or cats at home. As, they carry
different bacteria and can cause
infections.
Remember, Diabetic patients
are more prone to catch bacterial
infections because of:
 High BSL weakens immune
system.
 Nerve damage and reduced
blood flow makes them more
vulnerable.
 Bacteria get immense amount
of sugar in blood to be feed
on.

20. What if Blood Sugar Level isn’t controlled?
In the long run, uncontrolled blood sugar can
damage the vessels that
supply blood to important organs, like the heart,
kidneys, eyes, and nerves, which will ultimately
cause chronic diseases and organ damage.

21. What if Blood Sugar Level isn’t controlled?

22. Diabetes and Eye Diseases
(Diabetic Retinopathy)
• Diabetic eye disease comprises a group of eye conditions that
affect people with diabetes. These conditions include diabetic
retinopathy, diabetic macular edema (DME), cataract,
and glaucoma.
• All forms of diabetic eye disease have the potential to cause
severe vision loss and blindness.

23. Management
• Diabetic retinopathy often lacks early
symptoms, people with diabetes should get a
comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once a
year. People with diabetic retinopathy may need
eye exams more frequently.

24. For Diabetic Patients
HbA1C Test
HbA1C is a BSL monitoring
test. Diabetes patients must get
themselves tested with HbA1C
after every 6 months to check
how well their blood sugar level
is being controlled.

25. Diabetes and Muscles
(Diabetic Amyotrophy)
• The lack of glucose can lead to muscle cells
atrophying (dying) and therefore loss of muscle mass.
• People with diabetes can experience mild to severely
painful muscle cramps, which can be due to a number of
reasons.
 High or low glucose level
 Nerve damage
 Medication side effects

26. Management
• Dietary supplement
• Strict BSL (Blood sugar level) control
• Physical activity
• Massage
• Doctor consultation

27. For Diabetic Patients
Self Doctor
Don’t try to be your own
doctor. Even in case of minor
bodily changes, consult your
doctor immediately.
*Don’t change your
doctor unnecessarily or
frequently.

28. Diabetic Neuropathy
• High blood glucose level can, over time, cause damage to
nerves through out the body causing symptoms in every organ
system. In diabetics the damage most commonly involves the
longest nerves first (those in the feet and toes) resulting in loss
of sensation and numbness.

29. Symptoms
Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy often develop slowly over years and
are only noticed when significant damage has occurred.
● Numbness/tingling sensation in your feet
● Insensitivity to pain or temperature changes, especially in your feet
● Burning sensation in your feet
● Shooting/Sharp pain that may be worse at night
● Extreme sensitivity to slightest touch-even the weight of bed sheets
can be agonizing
● Muscle weakness and loss of reflexes (ankle) resulting in altered
gait.

30. Symptoms
● Muscle atrophy (in severe cases)
● Loss of balance and difficulty walking
● Pain/cramps when walking
● Foot complications such as ulcers, infections, non-healing wounds,
deformities, and joint problems.
● Symptoms can occur in hands and arms in severe longstanding neuropathy.
● Symptoms are often worse at night.

31. Management
● The first step in management of diabetic neuropathy is to keep
your blood glucose level in target range throughout the day.
● Once the nerves are damaged, they cannot be repaired.
Keeping your blood glucose level in target range will slow the
progression of diabetic neuropathy and even cause some
improvement in symptoms you already have.

32. For Diabetic Patients

34. Diabetes and Foot Pain
• The most common contributor to diabetic foot pain is a nerve
problem called Peripheral Neuropathy. This can be present at the
same time as numbness in the feet. Sensory neuropathy
symptoms can include burning, tingling or a stabbing pain.
Diabetic Foot
Reduced blood
flow
Nerve damage

35. Management
• Check your feet
• Wash with warm water
• Make sure your shoes fits
• Speak up
• Stay soft and dry
• Try non-impact exercise
• Control you BSL

36. Management
• Protect your feet

37. For Diabetic Patients

38. Gangrene
• Gangrene is a condition that occurs when body tissue
dies. It is caused by a loss of blood supply due to an
underlying illness, injury, and/or infection. Fingers,
toes, and limbs are most often affected, but gangrene
can also occur inside the body, damaging organs and
muscles.

39. Types
Gangrene
Dry
-Poor circulation
-Brown to purplish
blue to black
-Without infection
-With or without
pain
Wet
-Injury in a body part
-With infection
-Red to brown to black
-Blister with smell
-Fever and feeling
unwell

40. Gangrene Warning
If infection from gangrene gets into the blood, you may develop sepsis
and go into Septic shock. This can be life-threatening if not treated
immediately. Symptoms of sepsis may include:
● Low blood pressure
● Rapid heartbeat
● Shortness of breath
● Change in body temperature
● Light-headedness
● Body pain and rash
● Confusion
● Cold, clammy, and pale skin
• If you think you or a loved one may have sepsis, go to the
emergency room immediately.

41. Treatment
The sooner you receive treatment, the better your
chance of recovery. Depending on the type of
gangrene, treatment may include:
• Antibiotic treatment
• Debridement
• Amputation

42. For Diabetic Patients

43. Diabetic Nephropathy
• Micro vessels of the kidneys may damage.
• Improper removal of the waste from blood.
• Protein in urine.
• Persisting may lead to Kidney failure.

44. Management
• It is important for diabetics to not overdo on
proteins.
• Of all the types of protein that we ingest, whey
protein is the best absorbed. Whey protein
helps support a healthy immune system.
• Daily intake of papaya is also healthy for
kidney function.
• Get your blood urea and creatinine checked
after every three months.

45. For Diabetic Patients

46. Diabetes and Digestion
• Vagus nerve get affected, which controls how quickly
your stomach empties. When it's damaged, your
digestion slows down and food stays in your body
longer than it should. It can make you feel queasy and
vomit.

47. Symptoms
You may have:
● Heartburn or reflux
● Nausea
● Vomiting
● Trouble controlling blood sugar
● Feeling full quickly when eating
● Abdominal bloating
● Poor appetite and weight loss

48. Changes in Diet
● When you have diabetes, one of the best ways to help control the
symptoms of gastroparesis is to vary when and how you eat. Instead
of three times a day, you can have six small meals. You'll have less
food in your stomach, so you won't feel as full. It'll be easier for the
food to leave your system, too.
● Also, pay attention to the texture of food. Liquids and things that are
easy to digest are a good idea. For example, choose applesauce
instead of whole apples.
● Avoid foods that are high in fat, which can slow down digestion.
Watch out for fiber, which takes longer for your body to process.
● Adapt the eating sunnah of our beloved Prophet s.a.w.w. Take small
bites, chew your food properly and don’t take water at the end of the
meal.

49. For Diabetic Patients

50. Diabetic Skin conditions
• Nerve damage can also cause skin conditions
in Diabetics.
• Itching
• Vitiligo

51. Diabetic Skin conditions
• Blisters
• Eruptive Xanthomatosis
• Digital Sclerosis

52. Diabetic Skin conditions
• Disseminated Granuloma Annulare
• Acanthosis Nigricans

53. Management
● Consider bathing less often and use mild soap
(Like: Dove) when you do.
● Slather on some lotion to moisturize dry skin,
but avoid applying it between your toes.
● Consult your doctor.

54. For Diabetic Patients

56. Take Diabetes seriously!!!
Start controlling your Blood sugar from
today!!!
If anyone you know is diagnosed with diabetes, kindly
guide them about the disease and its severity on a serious
note, so they can start taking measures to prevent
themselves from its adversity. And in case of obesity get
your blood sugar level checked time to time.
Diabetes is a silent killer, with awareness we can beat
diabetes. Just controlled and healthy lifestyle can save us.