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What is enclaves or chhitmohol?
The Land Border Agreement
Problems of enclaves
What each country will get ?
Advantage
How people enjoy and celebrating … !!
a portion of territory surrounded by a larger territory
whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct.
The India–Bangladesh enclaves, also known as
the chhit mahals
sometimes called pasha enclaves
The border crisis, origin in 17th century
1947-partition of Indian subcontinent
1949- Rangpur was joined to East Pakistan
cooch Behar district was merged with India
1958-agreement between Jawaharlal Nehru and
Feroj Khan Noon
1974 – land boundary agreement was signed
between Indira Gandhi and shek Mujibur Rahman
16 May
1997- the list of enclaves was prepared.
2001- work out the details of enclaves.
2007 – a joint census was carried out in May
2011-signed the additional protocol for the 1974
land boundary agreement
Under the agreement
India received = from 51 to 54 out of the 74 chhits
Bangladesh received = from 111 out of 119 chhits
2010- joint cencus
14215 people residing in bangladesh enclaves in india
37269 people residing in indian enclaves in bangladesh
2013- constitution bill
2014- approved the bill
2015- rajya sabha approved the constitutional
amendment and lok sobha approved
- president of India pranab Mukharjee give his assent
to the Act on 28 May.
2015- two countries prime ministers signed the instruments of the
land exchange
- enclaves were to be exchanged at midnight 31 july.
- The transfer of enclave residents is expected to be completed
by 30 November
2016- the boundary demarcation is to be completed by 30 June
Inhabitants could not enjoy full legal right . E.g: right to vote
Deficient infrastructural facilities-
electricity
schools
health services
Absence of law enforcement agencies
- hot bed of criminal actives.
India : 51 enclaves: 7,110,02 Acres
Bangladesh: 111enclaves: 17,160.63 Acres
India: 2,777 Acres Adverse Possession
Bangladesh: 2267 Acres Adverse Possession
Takes into consideration the situation on ground and the wishes of the
people
Mitigate major humanitarian problems
Peace along the border
Consolidate mutually beneficial exchanges and confidence building
Outcome of bi- lateral negotiations
way opened for the settlement of Teesta River water sharing
The people of enclaves will get the facilities of an
independent country as Bangladesh and India will
hoist their national flags in their respective enclaves
on August ,1 ending decades of stateless miseries of
more than 50,000 people.
Enclaves

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Enclaves

  • 1.
  • 2. What is enclaves or chhitmohol? The Land Border Agreement Problems of enclaves What each country will get ? Advantage How people enjoy and celebrating … !!
  • 3. a portion of territory surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct. The India–Bangladesh enclaves, also known as the chhit mahals sometimes called pasha enclaves The border crisis, origin in 17th century
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. 1947-partition of Indian subcontinent 1949- Rangpur was joined to East Pakistan cooch Behar district was merged with India 1958-agreement between Jawaharlal Nehru and Feroj Khan Noon 1974 – land boundary agreement was signed between Indira Gandhi and shek Mujibur Rahman 16 May
  • 8. 1997- the list of enclaves was prepared. 2001- work out the details of enclaves. 2007 – a joint census was carried out in May 2011-signed the additional protocol for the 1974 land boundary agreement
  • 9. Under the agreement India received = from 51 to 54 out of the 74 chhits Bangladesh received = from 111 out of 119 chhits 2010- joint cencus 14215 people residing in bangladesh enclaves in india 37269 people residing in indian enclaves in bangladesh
  • 10. 2013- constitution bill 2014- approved the bill 2015- rajya sabha approved the constitutional amendment and lok sobha approved - president of India pranab Mukharjee give his assent to the Act on 28 May.
  • 11. 2015- two countries prime ministers signed the instruments of the land exchange - enclaves were to be exchanged at midnight 31 july. - The transfer of enclave residents is expected to be completed by 30 November 2016- the boundary demarcation is to be completed by 30 June
  • 12. Inhabitants could not enjoy full legal right . E.g: right to vote Deficient infrastructural facilities- electricity schools health services Absence of law enforcement agencies - hot bed of criminal actives.
  • 13.
  • 14. India : 51 enclaves: 7,110,02 Acres Bangladesh: 111enclaves: 17,160.63 Acres India: 2,777 Acres Adverse Possession Bangladesh: 2267 Acres Adverse Possession
  • 15. Takes into consideration the situation on ground and the wishes of the people Mitigate major humanitarian problems Peace along the border Consolidate mutually beneficial exchanges and confidence building Outcome of bi- lateral negotiations way opened for the settlement of Teesta River water sharing
  • 16.
  • 17. The people of enclaves will get the facilities of an independent country as Bangladesh and India will hoist their national flags in their respective enclaves on August ,1 ending decades of stateless miseries of more than 50,000 people.