With reference to relevant research, critically examine the application of psychological theory in relation to the psychological needs and clinical experience of one clinically relevant client group
With reference to relevant research, critically examine the application of psychological theory in relation to the psychological needs and clinical experience of one clinically relevant client group
Child Maltreatment in Abnormal Psychology Textbooksteachtrauma
The present study analyzed how 10 abnormal psychology textbooks addressed child maltreatment (CM). It was found that information about CM varied significantly between textbooks in terms of quantity, quality, and accuracy. While all textbooks linked CM to some psychological disorders, coverage was inconsistent and often lacked definitions and emphasis. Some textbooks also presented controversial or misleading claims about CM without addressing counter evidence. The study concludes that textbooks could provide students with a more comprehensive and balanced understanding of CM and its psychological impacts by adhering to certain quality standards.
This document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer stating the purpose is to improve therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods, not replace expectations of one's agency. It then provides background on the author's training and apprenticeships with notable clinicians over 12 years, and a subsequent innovative practicum with live supervision employing solution-focused, team therapy. The document goes on to discuss perspectives on the origin of psychological symptoms, including from biomedical conditions, trauma/injury, and power struggles in relationships. It emphasizes symptoms acquire purpose, meaning and power in organizing social interaction and communication within relationships.
This document provides an overview of advanced counseling methods and psychotherapy. It discusses different theoretical perspectives like Adlerian, cognitive, and family systems theories. It also addresses the difference between psychosocial models of counseling that rely on talk therapy compared to biological/neurogenomic models in psychiatry that emphasize medication. The document notes how clinical orientation impacts assessment, treatment planning, and intervention methods. It also discusses debates around whether mental disorders are caused primarily by psychosocial or biological factors.
Memory and Personal Identity:The Minds/Body Problem by David Spiegel, MDParisa Kaliush
This document summarizes David Spiegel's work on memory, personal identity, trauma, and dissociation. It discusses how trauma can disrupt normal processing and force victims to reorganize mental processes. Dissociative defenses may be an adaptive response to overwhelming stress but also cause symptoms. The document reviews brain structures involved in memory, identity integration challenges after trauma, and treatments like exposure therapy to help process trauma memories and symptoms.
The document discusses psychological trauma and injury. It proposes that trauma results from experiences of loss, disaster/tragedy, or betrayal, which damage one's sense of self-worth. Unresolved trauma can lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety, guilt, anger, and shame as protective behaviors to regain control. Over time, symptoms may become rigid coping habits or ways to control others and avoid responsibility. The document advocates understanding depression and anxiety not as conditions but as meaningful belief structures arising from trauma.
This document discusses self-determination theory (SDT), which examines how social environments can facilitate or undermine intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. SDT focuses on three innate psychological needs - competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Research has found that satisfying these needs enhances intrinsic motivation and well-being, while thwarting these needs diminishes motivation and well-being. Specifically, factors like rewards, feedback, and choice can impact whether environments support autonomy and competence, thus influencing motivation.
This document discusses complex post-traumatic stress disorder (complex PTSD) which results from prolonged or repeated trauma over weeks, months or years. It describes the social conditions that can lead to prolonged trauma such as child abuse, domestic violence, human trafficking, slavery, torture and concentration camps. It outlines the typical symptom profile of complex PTSD including somatization, dissociation, affect dysregulation, re-enactments and revictimization. It also discusses how prolonged trauma can distort personality, relationships and perception of the perpetrator.
With reference to relevant research, critically examine the application of psychological theory in relation to the psychological needs and clinical experience of one clinically relevant client group
Child Maltreatment in Abnormal Psychology Textbooksteachtrauma
The present study analyzed how 10 abnormal psychology textbooks addressed child maltreatment (CM). It was found that information about CM varied significantly between textbooks in terms of quantity, quality, and accuracy. While all textbooks linked CM to some psychological disorders, coverage was inconsistent and often lacked definitions and emphasis. Some textbooks also presented controversial or misleading claims about CM without addressing counter evidence. The study concludes that textbooks could provide students with a more comprehensive and balanced understanding of CM and its psychological impacts by adhering to certain quality standards.
This document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer stating the purpose is to improve therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods, not replace expectations of one's agency. It then provides background on the author's training and apprenticeships with notable clinicians over 12 years, and a subsequent innovative practicum with live supervision employing solution-focused, team therapy. The document goes on to discuss perspectives on the origin of psychological symptoms, including from biomedical conditions, trauma/injury, and power struggles in relationships. It emphasizes symptoms acquire purpose, meaning and power in organizing social interaction and communication within relationships.
This document provides an overview of advanced counseling methods and psychotherapy. It discusses different theoretical perspectives like Adlerian, cognitive, and family systems theories. It also addresses the difference between psychosocial models of counseling that rely on talk therapy compared to biological/neurogenomic models in psychiatry that emphasize medication. The document notes how clinical orientation impacts assessment, treatment planning, and intervention methods. It also discusses debates around whether mental disorders are caused primarily by psychosocial or biological factors.
Memory and Personal Identity:The Minds/Body Problem by David Spiegel, MDParisa Kaliush
This document summarizes David Spiegel's work on memory, personal identity, trauma, and dissociation. It discusses how trauma can disrupt normal processing and force victims to reorganize mental processes. Dissociative defenses may be an adaptive response to overwhelming stress but also cause symptoms. The document reviews brain structures involved in memory, identity integration challenges after trauma, and treatments like exposure therapy to help process trauma memories and symptoms.
The document discusses psychological trauma and injury. It proposes that trauma results from experiences of loss, disaster/tragedy, or betrayal, which damage one's sense of self-worth. Unresolved trauma can lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety, guilt, anger, and shame as protective behaviors to regain control. Over time, symptoms may become rigid coping habits or ways to control others and avoid responsibility. The document advocates understanding depression and anxiety not as conditions but as meaningful belief structures arising from trauma.
This document discusses self-determination theory (SDT), which examines how social environments can facilitate or undermine intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. SDT focuses on three innate psychological needs - competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Research has found that satisfying these needs enhances intrinsic motivation and well-being, while thwarting these needs diminishes motivation and well-being. Specifically, factors like rewards, feedback, and choice can impact whether environments support autonomy and competence, thus influencing motivation.
This document discusses complex post-traumatic stress disorder (complex PTSD) which results from prolonged or repeated trauma over weeks, months or years. It describes the social conditions that can lead to prolonged trauma such as child abuse, domestic violence, human trafficking, slavery, torture and concentration camps. It outlines the typical symptom profile of complex PTSD including somatization, dissociation, affect dysregulation, re-enactments and revictimization. It also discusses how prolonged trauma can distort personality, relationships and perception of the perpetrator.
The Road Back From Trauma - Helix Healthcare GroupTara Rose
Presentation by Dr. Jesse Hanson, RP, PhD, Clinical Director and Co-Founder of Helix Healthcare Group. Dr. Hanson is a neuropsychologist; specializing in neuroscience, somatic (body-centered) psychology, trauma resolution, and holistic healing.
At Helix Healthcare Group, we address the brain, the body, and the belief system to create a healthy, happier and more balanced life. Unlike conventional treatments, our comprehensive approach creates lasting change by treating the root cause of the issue – not just its symptoms. Blending the best of Western and Eastern philosophies with cutting-edge neuroscience, we will empower you to create a better future, today. www.helixhealthcaregroup.com
The document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer about the purpose of improving therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods. It then discusses the background and training of the author with various clinicians over 12 years. It also discusses training with Richard Belson in an innovative live supervision practicum employing solution-focused team therapy for chronic problems.
Shame in Dissociative Disorders and Schizophreniateachtrauma
This document summarizes research on shame and its relationship to various mental health conditions. It begins by defining shame and differentiating it from guilt. It describes shame as a secondary, self-conscious emotion that is related to failures in social connection and conformity. The document then discusses research showing that shame is elevated in conditions like schizophrenia, dissociative identity disorder, and following traumatic experiences. Shame is also linked to increased criticism from family members of people with schizophrenia and greater relationship problems for those with dissociative experiences or higher levels of shame. Overall, the summary highlights how shame is an important emotion to consider in understanding and treating various mental health problems.
Recognizing Differences in Gender: Looking at all dimensions; a psychological...Thrive 4-7
Emotional health and well-being is more than just psychology, all aspects of individual health play a role. This series provides overall insights on how to ensure the programs and services you offer align consider all dimensions of health.
This document outlines a train-the-trainer series for clinical supervisors focusing on counseling methods. It proposes a continuous skill development model with three interconnected parts: assessment, treatment planning, and intervention. For assessment, case conceptualization skills are developed using genograms. For treatment planning, critical thinking is improved through solution-based group supervision. For intervention, tactics and techniques are strengthened by modeling and role-playing new methods. Clinical supervisors must also receive regular case supervision to maintain skills.
Understanding Complex Trauma Paths to RecoveryParisa Kaliush
This document summarizes research on complex trauma and its treatment. It describes social conditions that can cause prolonged trauma like child abuse, domestic violence, and human trafficking. Victims of such trauma often experience emotional extremes, self-harm, health risks, and distortions in personality and relationships. Treatment involves three stages - establishing safety, reconstructing traumatic memories in a gradual way, and reconnecting with others. Groups are an important part of treatment and their focus changes depending on the recovery stage, from safety and self-care in early stages to interpersonal skills and social action in later stages. Memories must be integrated into a personal narrative for full recovery.
Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing in Ireland 2019Amarach Research
A survey of the Irish population about the sources of mental health and wellbeing, drawing on the Human Givens framework in relation to psychological needs and resources.
This document discusses shame and its relationship to various psychological conditions. It begins by defining shame and differentiating it from guilt. It describes how shame is associated with secondary emotions and involves self-evaluation. The document then examines how shame relates to specific conditions like schizophrenia, psychosis, dissociative identity disorder, and interpersonal relationships. Key findings include that shame is elevated in individuals with DID compared to other groups, and that shame in family members can increase criticism towards a loved one with schizophrenia. Shame is also linked to social anxiety and perceptions of stigmatization in psychosis.
Chronic Emotional Detachment, Disorders, and Treatment-Team BSarah M
This document discusses chronic emotional detachment and how it may lead to increased rates of mental health disorders like anxiety, depression, and PTSD. It hypothesizes that suppressing natural emotions to conform to societal pressures causes stress and depersonalization over time. When a distressing trigger occurs, this imbalance can lead to mental disorders. The document reviews literature linking emotional suppression to increased disorders in populations like veterans and refugees. It proposes studying the relationship between evolutionary survival mechanisms and societal norms. The methodology section describes a mixed-methods study using surveys, interviews, and archival data from a random sample to understand subjective emotional experiences and medication effectiveness.
Psychological injury and emotional pain stem from unresolved trauma, loss, or betrayal. These experiences fuel feelings of guilt, anger, and shame, and result in depression and anxiety. Over time, maladaptive coping mechanisms and relationship patterns develop as secondary symptoms to manage this distress. Left unaddressed, symptoms may solidify into rigid behaviors that control or punish others to avoid responsibility for change. The document discusses how trauma, loss, and betrayal damage self-esteem and the ability to trust and form intimate connections with others.
The document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer stating the purpose is to improve therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods. It then provides biographical information about the author, including their experience and training in substance abuse counseling, community mental health, and family therapy models from the 1970s-1990s. The document goes on to discuss perspectives on the causes of psychosis, including biological, psychological, and hybrid models. It also addresses the debate around treating psychosis primarily through medication versus psychotherapy.
The document discusses a family systems perspective on psychological symptoms from trauma. It makes three key points:
1. Symptoms form enduring patterns of behavior that organize social interactions, mediate stress, and provide adaptive responses to change. They acquire meaning and purpose over time.
2. Unresolved trauma from events like disaster, loss, or betrayal can lead to depression and anxiety fueled by guilt, anger, and shame. Symptoms may develop as a way to regain control after psychological injury to one's self-worth.
3. As counselors, concerns arise when symptoms are used to control or punish others, or avoid responsibility for change. Understanding the purpose and social functions of symptoms is important for effective treatment.
1. The diagnosis and understanding of PTSD has evolved over the past century from its early conceptualization as hysteria, to recognition as a disorder following wartime trauma and later civilian trauma.
2. Lifetime exposure to traumatic events is common, with over 60% of men and over 50% of women experiencing a traumatic event, and lifetime prevalence of PTSD at around 7.8%.
3. Understanding of PTSD has expanded from a focus on male veterans to incorporate women's experiences of domestic and sexual violence and their effects.
4. Rates of mental health diagnoses including PTSD are high in recent veterans, but perceived barriers prevent many from seeking help, with efforts underway to reduce stigma and improve care.
Child Maltreatment in Abnormal Psychology TextbooksParisa Kaliush
The study analyzed the presentation of child maltreatment in 10 popular abnormal psychology textbooks. It measured the number of times each form of child maltreatment was mentioned, the number of psychological disorders linked to child maltreatment, and the number of citations of relevant research. The results found inconsistencies between textbooks in the information presented about child maltreatment. While most textbooks emphasized child sexual abuse, other forms like neglect were rarely mentioned. Some textbooks also presented controversial or misleading claims without citing opposing evidence. Overall, the study concluded the textbooks could improve by standardizing and more comprehensively covering information on child maltreatment and its psychological impacts.
Trauma And Post Traumatic Stress For 2009 National ConferenceMedicalWhistleblower
1) Trauma can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation and is characterized by re-experiencing the trauma through intrusive memories and nightmares, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, and increased arousal and anxiety.
2) PTSD impacts individuals by causing difficulty trusting others, fear, anger, guilt, and problems with relationships, concentration, and sleep. It can also increase risk of medical illness due to effects on the immune system and stress response.
3) Treatment and support of trauma survivors should focus on fostering safety, trust, choice, strength, healing, and empowerment to overcome feelings of vulnerability and promote
Personality disorders can greatly impact people's lives and relationships. They are long-term patterns of behaviors and thoughts that differ from cultural norms and interfere with functioning. Common types include paranoid, schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, and avoidant personality disorders. Treatment involves psychotherapy and sometimes medication, and focuses on learning healthy ways to manage symptoms. Raising awareness of personality disorders can help people seek needed treatment and improve lives.
This document discusses the rationale for developing trauma-informed service systems. It begins by defining psychological trauma and reviewing research showing high rates of trauma in vulnerable populations. Trauma affects brain development and can cause lasting negative impacts. The document advocates for a universal precautions approach and trauma-informed care across organizations, rather than just trauma-specific treatment. It outlines 12 criteria for building trauma-informed mental health systems, such as having trauma-focused policies, training staff, and involving trauma survivors. The goal is to minimize re-traumatization and promote healing.
This document provides an overview and goals of a training on trauma-informed care (TIC). It discusses recognizing the impact of adverse childhood experiences and how unresolved trauma relates to long-term health outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing trauma, reducing re-traumatization in services, and understanding secondary trauma for workers. The training aims to provide resources for staff to learn about working in a TIC system.
Running head ASSIGNMENT-TEST DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL .docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: ASSIGNMENT-TEST DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL 1
ASSIGNMENT-TEST DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL 2
Assignment-Test Development Proposal
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Assignment-Test Development Proposal
The outlines associated with the construct of depression may be associated with the different mental issues that are faced by many individuals in the country. The description connected with depressive lifestyles serves as a characteristic of the issues that ignore events connected to the existing construct system. Therefore, rather that participating in active testing, revision, and expansion of interpreting different experiences, depressed individuals should avoid anxiety that accompanies it. The brittle and relatively construct system should be avoided to eliminate issues of fatalism and suicidal possibilities. It is crucial to understand the severe disorders to ensure that clients in the market are able to deal with negative symptoms associated with depression.
A Discussion of the Construct of Depression in the Society
A huge research framework has confirmed the fact that depression is a disorder that is suffered by almost everyone in the modern society. Individuals suffering from depression suffer from anticipatory failure. They lack the motivation of viewing the future as a positive framework of development. Their current mental instability influences them to become negative about the life around them. Individuals with depression tend to construct themselves in a negative manner (Abas, et al., 2013). The events around them are polarized to become negative. The issues are made to reach extreme manners.
This influences them to distant their thinking from reality and more into a cocoon that limits them from achieving their potential. Personal construct theory is an important theory in dealing with the issue. It has ensured that it emphasizes on structural depressive construing aspects. It documents the coherence loosening of the organization of a person’s self-concept (Roberts, Faull, & Tod, 2016). Depression and its deepening rate are seen as a way through which one acquires a more negative status when the disorder continues to grow. The theory reiterates that the construct system structure that possesses a negative construing status show that the disorder possesses dangerous symptoms that should be perceived from a prospective prediction. Issues such as serious suicide risk that hospitalized psychiatric patients.
Assessment of the Construct of Depression
The importance of the construct of depression in the modern society comes from the impact that it has on the environment around us. Subsequent research shows that personality styles are significant in enabling the development of the depressive symptoms. Personality styles are the reason as to why individuals would promote a vulnerability status of the concept of depression. Di ...
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for social phobia. CBT aims to change negative thoughts and beliefs that cause social phobia by teaching skills like exposure therapy. It has advantages like helping patients learn to challenge cognitive distortions and gain support from group members. However, it also has disadvantages as social phobia patients fear evaluation and criticism, making group therapy difficult for some. CBT can be time-limited but has shown success in treating symptoms of social phobia in both children and adults.
The Road Back From Trauma - Helix Healthcare GroupTara Rose
Presentation by Dr. Jesse Hanson, RP, PhD, Clinical Director and Co-Founder of Helix Healthcare Group. Dr. Hanson is a neuropsychologist; specializing in neuroscience, somatic (body-centered) psychology, trauma resolution, and holistic healing.
At Helix Healthcare Group, we address the brain, the body, and the belief system to create a healthy, happier and more balanced life. Unlike conventional treatments, our comprehensive approach creates lasting change by treating the root cause of the issue – not just its symptoms. Blending the best of Western and Eastern philosophies with cutting-edge neuroscience, we will empower you to create a better future, today. www.helixhealthcaregroup.com
The document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer about the purpose of improving therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods. It then discusses the background and training of the author with various clinicians over 12 years. It also discusses training with Richard Belson in an innovative live supervision practicum employing solution-focused team therapy for chronic problems.
Shame in Dissociative Disorders and Schizophreniateachtrauma
This document summarizes research on shame and its relationship to various mental health conditions. It begins by defining shame and differentiating it from guilt. It describes shame as a secondary, self-conscious emotion that is related to failures in social connection and conformity. The document then discusses research showing that shame is elevated in conditions like schizophrenia, dissociative identity disorder, and following traumatic experiences. Shame is also linked to increased criticism from family members of people with schizophrenia and greater relationship problems for those with dissociative experiences or higher levels of shame. Overall, the summary highlights how shame is an important emotion to consider in understanding and treating various mental health problems.
Recognizing Differences in Gender: Looking at all dimensions; a psychological...Thrive 4-7
Emotional health and well-being is more than just psychology, all aspects of individual health play a role. This series provides overall insights on how to ensure the programs and services you offer align consider all dimensions of health.
This document outlines a train-the-trainer series for clinical supervisors focusing on counseling methods. It proposes a continuous skill development model with three interconnected parts: assessment, treatment planning, and intervention. For assessment, case conceptualization skills are developed using genograms. For treatment planning, critical thinking is improved through solution-based group supervision. For intervention, tactics and techniques are strengthened by modeling and role-playing new methods. Clinical supervisors must also receive regular case supervision to maintain skills.
Understanding Complex Trauma Paths to RecoveryParisa Kaliush
This document summarizes research on complex trauma and its treatment. It describes social conditions that can cause prolonged trauma like child abuse, domestic violence, and human trafficking. Victims of such trauma often experience emotional extremes, self-harm, health risks, and distortions in personality and relationships. Treatment involves three stages - establishing safety, reconstructing traumatic memories in a gradual way, and reconnecting with others. Groups are an important part of treatment and their focus changes depending on the recovery stage, from safety and self-care in early stages to interpersonal skills and social action in later stages. Memories must be integrated into a personal narrative for full recovery.
Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing in Ireland 2019Amarach Research
A survey of the Irish population about the sources of mental health and wellbeing, drawing on the Human Givens framework in relation to psychological needs and resources.
This document discusses shame and its relationship to various psychological conditions. It begins by defining shame and differentiating it from guilt. It describes how shame is associated with secondary emotions and involves self-evaluation. The document then examines how shame relates to specific conditions like schizophrenia, psychosis, dissociative identity disorder, and interpersonal relationships. Key findings include that shame is elevated in individuals with DID compared to other groups, and that shame in family members can increase criticism towards a loved one with schizophrenia. Shame is also linked to social anxiety and perceptions of stigmatization in psychosis.
Chronic Emotional Detachment, Disorders, and Treatment-Team BSarah M
This document discusses chronic emotional detachment and how it may lead to increased rates of mental health disorders like anxiety, depression, and PTSD. It hypothesizes that suppressing natural emotions to conform to societal pressures causes stress and depersonalization over time. When a distressing trigger occurs, this imbalance can lead to mental disorders. The document reviews literature linking emotional suppression to increased disorders in populations like veterans and refugees. It proposes studying the relationship between evolutionary survival mechanisms and societal norms. The methodology section describes a mixed-methods study using surveys, interviews, and archival data from a random sample to understand subjective emotional experiences and medication effectiveness.
Psychological injury and emotional pain stem from unresolved trauma, loss, or betrayal. These experiences fuel feelings of guilt, anger, and shame, and result in depression and anxiety. Over time, maladaptive coping mechanisms and relationship patterns develop as secondary symptoms to manage this distress. Left unaddressed, symptoms may solidify into rigid behaviors that control or punish others to avoid responsibility for change. The document discusses how trauma, loss, and betrayal damage self-esteem and the ability to trust and form intimate connections with others.
The document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer stating the purpose is to improve therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods. It then provides biographical information about the author, including their experience and training in substance abuse counseling, community mental health, and family therapy models from the 1970s-1990s. The document goes on to discuss perspectives on the causes of psychosis, including biological, psychological, and hybrid models. It also addresses the debate around treating psychosis primarily through medication versus psychotherapy.
The document discusses a family systems perspective on psychological symptoms from trauma. It makes three key points:
1. Symptoms form enduring patterns of behavior that organize social interactions, mediate stress, and provide adaptive responses to change. They acquire meaning and purpose over time.
2. Unresolved trauma from events like disaster, loss, or betrayal can lead to depression and anxiety fueled by guilt, anger, and shame. Symptoms may develop as a way to regain control after psychological injury to one's self-worth.
3. As counselors, concerns arise when symptoms are used to control or punish others, or avoid responsibility for change. Understanding the purpose and social functions of symptoms is important for effective treatment.
1. The diagnosis and understanding of PTSD has evolved over the past century from its early conceptualization as hysteria, to recognition as a disorder following wartime trauma and later civilian trauma.
2. Lifetime exposure to traumatic events is common, with over 60% of men and over 50% of women experiencing a traumatic event, and lifetime prevalence of PTSD at around 7.8%.
3. Understanding of PTSD has expanded from a focus on male veterans to incorporate women's experiences of domestic and sexual violence and their effects.
4. Rates of mental health diagnoses including PTSD are high in recent veterans, but perceived barriers prevent many from seeking help, with efforts underway to reduce stigma and improve care.
Child Maltreatment in Abnormal Psychology TextbooksParisa Kaliush
The study analyzed the presentation of child maltreatment in 10 popular abnormal psychology textbooks. It measured the number of times each form of child maltreatment was mentioned, the number of psychological disorders linked to child maltreatment, and the number of citations of relevant research. The results found inconsistencies between textbooks in the information presented about child maltreatment. While most textbooks emphasized child sexual abuse, other forms like neglect were rarely mentioned. Some textbooks also presented controversial or misleading claims without citing opposing evidence. Overall, the study concluded the textbooks could improve by standardizing and more comprehensively covering information on child maltreatment and its psychological impacts.
Trauma And Post Traumatic Stress For 2009 National ConferenceMedicalWhistleblower
1) Trauma can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation and is characterized by re-experiencing the trauma through intrusive memories and nightmares, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, and increased arousal and anxiety.
2) PTSD impacts individuals by causing difficulty trusting others, fear, anger, guilt, and problems with relationships, concentration, and sleep. It can also increase risk of medical illness due to effects on the immune system and stress response.
3) Treatment and support of trauma survivors should focus on fostering safety, trust, choice, strength, healing, and empowerment to overcome feelings of vulnerability and promote
Personality disorders can greatly impact people's lives and relationships. They are long-term patterns of behaviors and thoughts that differ from cultural norms and interfere with functioning. Common types include paranoid, schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, and avoidant personality disorders. Treatment involves psychotherapy and sometimes medication, and focuses on learning healthy ways to manage symptoms. Raising awareness of personality disorders can help people seek needed treatment and improve lives.
This document discusses the rationale for developing trauma-informed service systems. It begins by defining psychological trauma and reviewing research showing high rates of trauma in vulnerable populations. Trauma affects brain development and can cause lasting negative impacts. The document advocates for a universal precautions approach and trauma-informed care across organizations, rather than just trauma-specific treatment. It outlines 12 criteria for building trauma-informed mental health systems, such as having trauma-focused policies, training staff, and involving trauma survivors. The goal is to minimize re-traumatization and promote healing.
This document provides an overview and goals of a training on trauma-informed care (TIC). It discusses recognizing the impact of adverse childhood experiences and how unresolved trauma relates to long-term health outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing trauma, reducing re-traumatization in services, and understanding secondary trauma for workers. The training aims to provide resources for staff to learn about working in a TIC system.
Running head ASSIGNMENT-TEST DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL .docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: ASSIGNMENT-TEST DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL 1
ASSIGNMENT-TEST DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL 2
Assignment-Test Development Proposal
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Assignment-Test Development Proposal
The outlines associated with the construct of depression may be associated with the different mental issues that are faced by many individuals in the country. The description connected with depressive lifestyles serves as a characteristic of the issues that ignore events connected to the existing construct system. Therefore, rather that participating in active testing, revision, and expansion of interpreting different experiences, depressed individuals should avoid anxiety that accompanies it. The brittle and relatively construct system should be avoided to eliminate issues of fatalism and suicidal possibilities. It is crucial to understand the severe disorders to ensure that clients in the market are able to deal with negative symptoms associated with depression.
A Discussion of the Construct of Depression in the Society
A huge research framework has confirmed the fact that depression is a disorder that is suffered by almost everyone in the modern society. Individuals suffering from depression suffer from anticipatory failure. They lack the motivation of viewing the future as a positive framework of development. Their current mental instability influences them to become negative about the life around them. Individuals with depression tend to construct themselves in a negative manner (Abas, et al., 2013). The events around them are polarized to become negative. The issues are made to reach extreme manners.
This influences them to distant their thinking from reality and more into a cocoon that limits them from achieving their potential. Personal construct theory is an important theory in dealing with the issue. It has ensured that it emphasizes on structural depressive construing aspects. It documents the coherence loosening of the organization of a person’s self-concept (Roberts, Faull, & Tod, 2016). Depression and its deepening rate are seen as a way through which one acquires a more negative status when the disorder continues to grow. The theory reiterates that the construct system structure that possesses a negative construing status show that the disorder possesses dangerous symptoms that should be perceived from a prospective prediction. Issues such as serious suicide risk that hospitalized psychiatric patients.
Assessment of the Construct of Depression
The importance of the construct of depression in the modern society comes from the impact that it has on the environment around us. Subsequent research shows that personality styles are significant in enabling the development of the depressive symptoms. Personality styles are the reason as to why individuals would promote a vulnerability status of the concept of depression. Di ...
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for social phobia. CBT aims to change negative thoughts and beliefs that cause social phobia by teaching skills like exposure therapy. It has advantages like helping patients learn to challenge cognitive distortions and gain support from group members. However, it also has disadvantages as social phobia patients fear evaluation and criticism, making group therapy difficult for some. CBT can be time-limited but has shown success in treating symptoms of social phobia in both children and adults.
Running head Vignette Analysis III1Vignette Analysis III.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: Vignette Analysis III 1
Vignette Analysis III 7
Psychology of Trauma- Vignette Analysis III
Laura Kay Utgard
Cal Southern University
Dr. Barbara Lackey
PSY: 87519
August, 2018
Vignette Analysis III
Emotional and psychological trauma is the outcomes of extremely stressful occasions that ruin one’s sense of safety, letting the victim feel deserted in a dangerous world. Traumatic experiences like the one experienced by Virginia in her younger age predisposes her to get involved in actions that put her life in danger like trying to commit suicide. According to Courtois & Ford (2015) “it is not the objective facts that determine whether an event is traumatic, but the victim’s subjective emotional experience of the event.” In the case of Virginia, she faced ongoing, relentless stress during her childhood development in the position of an abusive father. The domestic violence has changed her biological and physical development because she also believes having a slender body is what it takes to be a woman to maintain her husband. This has resulted in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because she has been exposed to traumatic events in her childhood.
The fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) outlines four major symptoms that PTSD patients experiences. They include alterations in arousal and reactivity, negative alterations in cognitions and mood; avoidance and intrusion. These symptoms are what are causing Virginia to be diagnosed with PTSD. She remembers how her mother was being beaten like almost every day and how she was used as a sex toy by the village boys. The DSM-5 version re-positions emotional distress in a group that comprises negative perceptions and reactions, while stimulation symptoms are transposed in a group comprising ill-tempered and irresponsible behavior. PTSD according to (Kendall-Tackett & Ruglass, 2014) is linked with an array of opposing personal results and significant personal problems, including problems in intimate and family affairs. It is unclear which topic you are addressing here
The inter-relations among the PTSD victims and their family complications are probably multifaceted, showing both the effect of post-traumatic symptoms on other family members and impacts of the family setting. This happened to Virginia, as a kid he was experiencing how his father used to treat her mother. Contrarily, avoidance symptoms may diminish participation in family undertakings, while emotional distress can diminish self-disclosure and intimacy (Courtois & Ford, 2015). Hyperarousal symptoms are associated with irritability and annoyance and can as well precipitate violence and family conflict (Anderson, 2017). Contrarily, prospective studies of veterans show that family environment can reduce the severity of symptoms, or exacerbate complications of interpersonal arrays are dysfunctional. This case, therefore, Virginia exp ...
Reply Reply to 2 other classmates by offering 1 new piece of info.docxsodhi3
This document discusses how trauma can affect individuals differently depending on factors like type of trauma, age, culture, and spirituality. It provides examples of types of trauma like physical, sexual, or emotional abuse. Trauma can cause neurological disorders like PTSD and affect brain development. Treatment options discussed include medications, therapies like CBT, and how spirituality may help healing. The document also discusses how trauma may impact children's emotional and educational development. It notes trauma affects individuals and cultures differently but can be treated.
Clinical Psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psychology.Theresa Lowry-Lehnen
The document provides information about the field of clinical psychology. It discusses several key points:
- Clinical psychology involves the study and application of psychology to understand, prevent, and relieve psychologically-based distress. Central to its practice are psychological assessment and psychotherapy.
- Clinical psychologists work within various therapy models to form a therapeutic alliance with clients and encourage new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. The major therapeutic perspectives are psychoanalytic, cognitive behavioral, existential-humanistic, and family systems therapy.
- Clinical psychologists are trained in psychological assessment, different therapy approaches, and analyzing psychometric tests. They draw from multiple approaches in their work with clients.
This summarizes the main ideas about the field
Bipolar depression is a debilitating mental illness that affects around 2.6% of adults in the United States. It involves alternating periods of mania and depression. If left untreated, bipolar depression can lead to suicidal thoughts or actions. Effective treatment involves therapy and medication to stabilize moods and prevent episodes. Proper diagnosis is also important and involves assessing symptoms over time according to standardized diagnostic criteria.
Bipolar depression is a debilitating mental illness that affects approximately 5.7 million adults in the United States. It involves extreme shifts in mood from excessive highs to severe lows. If left untreated, bipolar depression can lead to suicidal thoughts or actions. Effective treatment requires a combination of medication and psychotherapy to manage symptoms and prevent mood episodes.
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This document summarizes research on providing social and psychological support to research teams working in polar regions. It discusses the importance of positive emotions in expanding thought, building personal resources, and reducing the impact of stress. It also covers theories of subjective well-being, optimism, resilience, and goals. The document recommends selecting team members who are psychologically equipped based on these factors. It also suggests ways to increase resilience, such as creating positive work environments that foster flow states and changing attribution styles. Social influence and compliance theories are discussed to help diverse cultural groups work efficiently as a team.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Although originally considered a.docxstilliegeorgiana
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Although originally considered an anxiety disorder, the DSM-5 removed PTSD from the classification of anxiety disorders and included it in a new chapter, Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were “shell shocked” by and unable to face their experience on the battlefield. Individuals with PTSD were labeled as weak, faced rejection from their military peers and society in general, and were removed from combat zones or discharged from the military. Today we know that PTSD is a psychobiological mental disorder associated with changes in brain function and structure and can affect survivors of combat experience but also survivors of terrorist attacks, natural disasters, serious accidents, assault or abuse, and even sudden and major emotional losses (National Institute of Mental Health, 2014a). Scientists are focusing on genes that play a role in creating fear memories as well as studying parts of the brain that deal with fear and stress (Clapp, 2016). The DSM-5 criterion for PTSD has been expanded to include both direct and indirect exposure to potentially traumatic experiences (Uher et al., 2014).
Prevalence
Most of the research on PTSD has been conducted with male veterans of military combat. In the cohort of Vietnam veterans (now in the “baby boomer” cohort), 3 out of 10 experience PTSD. Among Afghanistan and Iraq veterans, 11% to 20% experience PTSD (United States Department of Veterans Affairs, 2014). Only recently realized is the fact that many World War II veterans have lived most of their lives under the shadow of PTSD without realization of their disorder. PTSD occurs increasingly in women, although research is scarce. Rape, child abuse, and domestic violence are the most likely traumas that will result in PTSD in women. With more women serving in the military, combat-induced PTSD among women is expected to increase (Kaiser et al., 2014a). Prevalence rates of PTSD among older adults have not been adequately studied, but estimates are that between 3% and 5% of individuals older than age 60 experience PTSD. Many older individuals may not meet the full criteria for a PTSD diagnosis but may still exhibit symptoms (partial or subsyndromal PTSD) (Chopra et al., 2014). The percentage of older individuals with subclinical levels of PTSD symptoms ranges from 7% to 15% (Kaiser et al., 2014a). Current estimates may underrepresent the prevalence of PTSD in older adults (Clapp, 2016). In addition to military combat, seniors in our care now have also experienced the Great Depression, the Holocaust, and racism events that also may precipitate PTSD. Although they may have managed to keep symptoms under control, a person who becomes cognitively impaired may no longer be able to control thoughts, flashbacks, or images. This can be the cause of great distress that may be exhibited by aggressive or hostile behavior. Older individuals who are Holoca ...
Running head LITERATURE REVIEW-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER .docxwlynn1
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1
LITERATURE REVIEW-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 8
Literature Review-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Amber Hope
Argosy University
Literature Review-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Introduction
Using Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory in this situation creates relevance towards approaches employed to manage post-traumatic stress disorder. The theory is a framework and approach that looks into satisfying needs for positive mental and physical development. The steps are met before one move to above steps. The needs include physiological, self-esteem, love & belonging, safety & security, love & belonging, and self-actualization. The above factors are considered critical for the methods employed in dealing with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Brummelte & Galea, 2016). The model is essential in identifying the effects of PTSD on battered women, parenting of youths, the mental status of pregnant mothers, and factors that lead to future criminality among youths.
The Jungian theory is also being looked at in dealing with PTSD because of its capacity, just like the Hierarchy of Needs theory, in bridging the relationship between the mind and social developments. The situation discusses PTSD as a problem in limiting positivity in mental and physical health (Brown, 2017). The society may not work without a stable mental status. Therefore, it is essential to study the relationship between PTSD and health. This is with a focus on mood, behavioral traits, health, and another health status.
Literature Review of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Baumeister, Vohs, Aaker, & Garbinsky (2013) argue that an organism possesses a positive life depending on its capacity to maintain an internal milieu amidst challenges in its environment. Brummelte & Galea, (2016) supports the above factor by calling it homeostasis. Stress is seen as a factor that changes the homeostasis of organisms negatively. Adamsons & Johnson (2013) presents the various stakeholders who are affected by PTSD. Among them include women, children, and male adults. However, women, children, and youths are the ones that experience the problem the most. Adamsons & Johnson (2013) shows that a stressor derived from the PTSD condition acts as a threat to the life of anyone in the world. PTSD has evolved for many decades depending on the changing nature of society and modern society. Stress response also continues to undergo evolution to acquire its adaptive processes.
Dziwota, Stepulak, Włoszczak-Szubzda, & Olajossy (2018) presents data relating to prolonged response towards stress. The situation appears as the one which influences the development of tissue damages and the occurrence of illnesses. The situation is seen to invoke coping mechanisms and responses between human and animals depending on the nature of the threats they perceive to affect their liv.
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Early Psychological Research On Cognitive And The Nature...Carmen Martin
Early psychological research emphasized observable behaviors but later incorporated studying internal processes like cognitions. Assessing internal experiences typically involves self-report questionnaires, which have limitations. To address some limitations, researchers have adopted ecological momentary assessment using smart devices, which can query participants about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in the moment over time, reducing memory reliance. However, self-report still involves biases, and EMA introduces awareness biases. Nisbett and Wilson referred to removing time as key to decreasing accuracy in self-reporting.
Respond to at least two colleagues by explaining how they could use .docxcarlstromcurtis
Respond to at least two colleagues by explaining how they could use strategies to advocate for a client with a somatic symptom disorder given the reasons for advocacy they described.
Colleague 1: Brooke
Somatic symptom disorders are mental disorders that manifest with physical symptoms that are not always clear to explain with medical diagnosis (APA, 2013). One specific example of such a disorder is the Illness Anxiety Disorder (F45.21). This disorder is diagnosed when there is a pervasive and impacting preoccupation with having a serious medical condition in circumstances when no predisposition or existing symptomatology indicate there should be medical concern (APA, 2013). The diagnosed individual will exhibit heightened anxiety regarding their perceived condition. Furthermore, the diagnosis is classified as either “care-seeking type,” whereby the individual frequently seeks out medical guidance from professionals or “care-avoidant type: whereby the individual avoids medical care despite their ongoing concerns (APA, 2013).
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Because of the complexity of such diagnoses, a multidisciplinary approach is deemed most effective when working with such clients. Because of the psychological involvement in this disorder, psychotherapy aimed at modifying existing thought patterns would be considered sound practice (Kirmayer and Sartorius, 2007). To expand, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be applied, increasing the client's awareness of their current thought patterns, possible triggers and strategies to combat negative thinking. Additionally, the prescription of medication to address the co-occurring anxiety or other resulting physical symptoms would be provided by a medical professional, such as a psychiatrist. This approach, widely accepted, allows for the client’s case to be viewed through different lenses.
While there is certainly significant validity in approaching such cases through a multidisciplinary team, the professionals required to ensure this effective intervention all have to be “on board.” This may require advocacy on the part of a social worker to convey the importance of employing this approach. It can b ...
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Employing Psychological Theory to Address Psychological Needs of Men with PTST
1. Running head: PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ADDRESSING PTSD IN MEN 1
Psychological Theories Addressing PTSD in Men
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2. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ADDRESSING PTSD IN MEN 2
Psychological Theories Addressing PTSD in Men
PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) is a disorder that affects people who might have
experienced traumatizing situations. Nonetheless, not everybody with PSTD may have
experienced frightening events. Some individuals develop the problem from different factors
which include; death of their loved ones, lack of support after terrifying incidents, and feeling
that they are not in control. People with PSTD develop fear even in the absence of danger. The
outcome is that one tends to overreact and respond to non-relevant issues abruptly. According to
Ehlers and Clark (2008), from the general demography women are three times more likely to get
PTSD than men; women are more likely to experience domestic and sexual assault than men.
Payne (2014), asserts that “people who experience significant emotional events can be left with
debilitating struggles and painful memories,” (p. 106). Some military men develop the disorder
after war having seen their life and that of colleagues in danger, observed deaths and identifying
with life’s unpredictability. According to Barlow (2014), military men are more vulnerable; there
is a 4% greater chance of men projecting PTSD diagnosis than women after being involved in a
military war zone. Some of the symptoms of PTSD include; emotional cut off from others,
having difficulty in sleeping, having trouble in concentration, feeling numb, emotional irritation,
and having vivid memories and flashbacks. PTSD patients develop trust issues, and such makes
treatment processes tougher since they are unwilling to talk about past events so as to commence
the healing process, (Kar, 2011). The symptoms can cause problems with communication and
loss of trust; consequently, relationships challenges emerge as individuals lose connection with
family and friends. PSTD can be treated through counseling and medication. Male patients are
particularly a delicate part of PTSD patients because they project an array of psychological needs
and can respond well to a variety of therapeutic treatments bases on social theories.
3. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ADDRESSING PTSD IN MEN 3
Psychological needs are mental needs that motivate an individual to perform a particular
activity and meet his or her goals. In consonance with, Wilson, Friedman, and Lindy (2012), an
appreciation of cultural diversity, understanding trauma character and causes, and assessment, as
well as the projection of injury impact, are crucial to the development of patient-centered
treatment programs. Men with PSTD have special psychological needs which include the desire
to feel loved, self-esteem, a sense of security, a sense of belonging, and the feeling of
development. Everyone needs to be cared for and more so to feel loved. Such phenomenon offers
an explanation to why people wish to develop a meaningful connection with other human beings.
In harmony with Levi (2017), patients need psychological support; for instance, desensitization
helps expose some causes of PTSD and improve the healing process. PTSD patients of male
gender need affection from society. Acting in a manner that ensures that every individual feels
accepted results to a positive relationship development between affected individuals and subject
communities. Men with PSTD tend to develop an inferiority complex if they are ignored by
society.
Human beings desire to contribute to society’s development and men with PSTD depict
greater need to feel useful. Involvement in socially progressive roles allows patients to
commence healing as affected people do not feel crippled by the outcomes of traumatizing
events. People are enslaved by the need to experience emotional, spiritual, intellectual, and
physical growth. Growth defines a sense of purpose; an individual’s experiences of development
establish life’s direction and give them something to live for. According to Greenberg, Brooks,
and Dunn (2015), PTSD patients need to experience change; however, such change must be
fashioned in a way that inspires them to view themselves positively. Men with PSTD experience
the need for change and diversity that challenges one and provides new opportunities. Patients
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ADDRESSING PTSD IN MEN 4
should be exposed to different working environment and position so that they can perform well.
Male PTSD patients mistrust other members of society; such realities wreck their relationships
and trigger dire need for safety. The need for comfort and safety in both relations and
environment is a prominent observation. Every individual projects a unique level of confidence.
People with PSTD should be assured of security in their families and at the workplace. Society
and concerned persons should find a way to make Men with PSTD feel comfortable and relaxed
so as to build a sense of security and confidence.
Some psychological theories offer insight into the matter of men with PSTD. Such
theories include; attribution theory, stability, the locus of control, and controllability. Attribution
theory explains how people attach meaning to social behavior. It tries to assume that people are
motivated to determine why they do what they do, and how it affects human behavior. The
theory has three characteristics of attribution that can affect future. Stable attribution for an
achievement leads to positive expectations, thus higher motivation for success in future.
Similarly, negative situations can lead to lower expectations in future. In the case of unstable
attribution, the outcomes are related to the feeling of hopeless. Locus of control simply entails
the perception of the cause of any event, whether internal or external. Lehrer and Woolfolk
(2007) found that there exist “an interaction between expectancy and internal locus of control in
predicting the willingness to undertake an exercise,” (p.70). An individual believes that his or her
behavior is guided by external factors such as luck, fate or internal factors like ability and effort.
The feelings of pride and self-esteem emerge from such events as one gets an awakening.
Controllability is observed in events where a person believes that they could have performed
better by adopting specific approaches. Guilt and shame are the emotions experienced in such
events. Men with PSTD deserve specific feedback and emotional connection, they need to know
5. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ADDRESSING PTSD IN MEN 5
that the people around them know and believe in their ability to improve. The theory offers a
means by which to prevent male patients from attributing their failure to lack of skills and
inspires them to see that success is controllable. The society should be kind enough as to
appreciate every effort regardless of the value of output.
Social cognitive theory is used in education, communication, and psychology. It holds
that portions of an individual’s knowledge acquisitions can be directly related to observing other
people interact and consuming media content. The theory states that when a person observes
another person’s behavior and sees the consequences of that action, he or she automatically
remembers the sequence of events and uses such information to guide the subsequent responses.
In consonance with Gardner (2014), learned habits are the source of one’s personality; patients
develop traits that should help them handle trauma. Observing the model can also make the
viewer practice the behavior they have learned. The media communicates to a vast array of
people in diverse social and environmental settings, and they influence an audience’s beliefs.
The environment where one grows up influences behavior development. Social cognitive theory
offers three behavioral approaches. Such approaches concern personal, behavioral, and
environmental mannerisms of understanding the social world. According to Pemberton and
Wainwright (2017), people interpret the social world based on the observation of conscious and
subconscious procedures. Personal approach gets the learner to believe in his or her abilities to
correctly complete an action. Behavioral perspective focuses on the response an individual gets
after performing a behavior. Environmental approach appreciates the aspects of an environment
that will influence the individual ability to complete a routine. Environmental conditions should
be empowering. In harmony with Pemberton and Wainwright (2017), social cognitive theory
6. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ADDRESSING PTSD IN MEN 6
suggests that people are not driven by global traits but controlled by the environment. Societies
create guides and motivators for activities that lead to their desired outcome.
Theoretical applications to the treatment of men with PSTD have multiple purposes.
Theories allow practitioners to understand the causes of trauma, appreciate personality and
personality changes that could happen or have taken root, and inspire treatment strategy.
Understanding the origin of trauma is crucial, knowledge of the specific causes of trauma affords
a practitioner the opportunity to develop a suitable treatment plan. The absence of knowledge
about traumatic events inducing PSTD means that psychotherapy adopts a trial and era approach
where potential causes may be instigated accidentally. Men with PSTD tend to experience
personality change, and they forge a new personality that purposes to protect them from society.
The idea is that, character traits separating them from society should prevent the patients from
witnessing social challenges and reduce the chances of witnessing a repetition of traumatizing
life events. Such theoretical perspective explains the patient’s point of view. The development of
treatment relies on the theoretical interpretation of the cause of PSTD and practitioners consider
such information to reduce the chances of a relapse. However, the utilization of theories in PTSD
treatment does not guarantee or quantify results. According to Pemberton and Wainwright
(2017), find that the theories that respond to mental disorders have their share of limitations.
In conclusion, men with PTSD require therapy and psychological support to recover from
the challenges associated with traumatic experiences and feelings of lacking control. PTSD
which stands for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a condition that is triggered by traumatic
events. It is observed more among veteran and active military male personnel and defines a
significant percentage of distressed female domestic violence victims. People living with PTSD
do not exclusively comprise war witnesses and terrorism torture victims. A substantial
7. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ADDRESSING PTSD IN MEN 7
percentage of patients are individuals who feel that they are not in control of their lives, those
that have lost family members or gone through another manner of traumatic experiences.
Psychotherapy and Meditation provide adequate solutions but require a keenly though out
diagnostic process. Familiarity with phenomena such as locus of control and social cognitive
theory offers a basis from where solutions can be forged.
8. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ADDRESSING PTSD IN MEN 8
References
Barlow, D. (2014). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders (1st ed.). New York: The
Guilford Press.
Carr, A., & McNulty, M. (2014).The Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology (1st ed.). Hoboken:
Taylor and Francis.
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder: The development of effective
psychological treatments. Nordic Journal Of Psychiatry, 62(sup47), 11-18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039480802315608
Gardner, B. (2014). A review and analysis of the use of ‘habit’ in understanding, predicting and
influencing health-related behaviour. Health Psychology Review, 9(3), 277-295.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2013.876238
Greenberg, N., Brooks, S., & Dunn, R. (2015). Latest developments in post-traumatic stress
disorder: diagnosis and treatment: Table 1. British Medical Bulletin, 114(1), 147-155.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldv014
Kar, N. (2011). Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder:
a review. Neuropsychiatric Disease And Treatment, 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s10389
Lehrer, P., &Woolfolk, R. (2007).Principles and Practice of Stress Management, Third Edition
(1st ed.). New York: Guilford Publications.
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Levi, O. (2017). From Traumatic Language to Posttraumatic Language: The Development of
Language in Therapy According to the “Phenomenon of Hope” Model. Psychoanalytic Social
Work, 24(1), 54-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228878.2016.1278394
Payne, J. (2014). Change Your Brain, Change Your Life (Before 25) (1st ed.). Ontario, Canada:
Harlequin Enterprises Limited.
Pemberton, R., & Wainwright, T. (2017). The end of mental illness thinking?. International
Journal Of Clinical And Health Psychology, 14(3), 216-220.
Wilson, J., Friedman, M., & Lindy, J. (2012).Treating psychological trauma and PTSD (1st ed.).
New York City: Guilford Press.