The affect of negative emotons and positive emotions

1. Karen Kneisley
Argosy University/Sarasota
Spring 2009

3.  Happiness
 Surprise
 Disgust
 Fear
 Sadness
 Anger

4.  Communicate information about
relationships of the self and the world
 Motivate withdrawal or approach
 Influence learning and memory
 May be universal
 Body-based and phylogenetically old

5. Emotions
Thought Behavior

6.  How much is external or
universal?
 How much is internal or
personal?

11.  Anger- perceived violation, injustice or
frustration of wish/desire
 Happiness- perception of expectation or gain
 Anxiety/fear- perception of threat or
danger and with difficulty coping
 Sadness- perception that something of value
has been or will be lost

13.  Physiological system adapted to
threat or danger
 Mobilizes bodily processes
 Down-regulates restorative
processes

14. Mental
Stress
Fight
HPA
or
axis cortisol
Flight
SNS

15. Real or
perceived Active
threat Avoidance
Emotional
Response

16. ANS
norepinephrine
Locus
coeruleus

17. PTSD-
 Physical & psychological threats
 Activate the HPA axis
 Enhanced memory (McNally, 1999)
Immunological changes-
 Individuals with trait worry
 Fewer NK cells
 Naturalistic stress
 Acute laboratory stress (Segerstrom et al, 1998 & 1999)

18. Relational theme
of unfair Emotional
Inflicting Harm
interference or Response
harm

19.  Widely studied psychosocial risk
factor
 Strongly and independently
associated
 Effect sizes as large as smoking
and diet (Kemeny & Shestyuk, 2008)

20.  Affective trait and mood state
 Cognitive propensity towards cynicism
 Devaluation of the worth or motives of
others
 Opposition towards others
 Desire to inflict harm or see others
harmed

21. 1. No one cares much what happens to you.
2. I have often met people who were supposed
to be experts who were no better than I.
3. Some of my family have habits that annoy
me very much.
4. People often disappoint me.
5. It is often safer to trust nobody.

22.  Predict cardiovascular outcomes
I. High blood pressure
II. Atherosclerosis
III. Coronary artery calcification
IV. Mortality (Suinn, 2001)
 Inflammatory processes
1. Decrements in cellular immunity
2. Decreased ability of NK cells
( Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 2001)

23. Uncontrollable Negative
Behavioral
physical or affect and
disengagement
psychosocial depression
and withdrawal
threat

24.  Insufficient availability of serotonin
and dopamine (Phan et al, 2004)
 Abnormal activation of cortical areas
(Phan et al, 2004)
 Functional and phenotype changes in
the immune system (Kemeny & Shestyuk, 2008)

25. PICs
 Released by immunological cells to facilitate
immune response
 Proteins act on brain to produce “sickness”
behavior
 Sleep disturbances
 Decreases in social, sexual, aggressive,
exploratory, or other behaviors
 Lack of appetite
 Motor retardation
 Weight loss (Kemeny & Shestyuk, 2008)

26.  Depressed mood alters thinking
 Depressed mood alters activity
levels
 Depressed mood alters social
contacts

27. NHANES
 Depression doubles the risk for HTN in
whites
 Triples the risk for HTN in African
Americans
 Increases the risk for CHD by 75% after
controlling for other risk factors

28.  Social self preservation theory
 Threats to social connection-
 Rejection
 Stigmatization
 Discrimination

29.  CNS coordinated activation of the
HPA (Dickerson & Kemeny, 2004)
 SET and cortisol increase ( Lewis &
Ramsey, 2002)
 Increased production of PICs
(Kemeny & Shestyuk, 2008)

30.  Positive emotions are linked to
approach behaviors
 Psychological and physiological
foundation for motivation and
proactive behaviors
 Affective baseline for healthy
individuals

31.  Greater frontal left-hemisphere
asymmetry ( Davidson, 1992)
 Greater activation of the medial
prefrontal regions (Parkinson, Cardinal, &
Everett, 2000)
 Greater levels of serotonin
 Greater levels of dopamine and
norepinephrine (Charney, 2004)

32.  Associated with changes in the immune
system (Segerstrom & Miller, 2004)
 Linked to heightened levels of the hormone
oxytocin (Zak et al, 1994)
 Reduce the duration of cardiovascular
response induced by a stressor (Fredrickson et al,
2000)
 Experience less pain and disability related to
chronic health conditions (Gil et al, 2004)
 Fight off illness and disease more
successfully (Cohen & Pressman, 2006)

33. Problem
Focused
Stressor Primary and Coping
Secondary Stress
Appraisal
Emotion
Focused
Coping

34.  Lowering of primary appraisals- upping the level of
secondary appraisals
 A healthy diet of activities
 Appropriate elicitation of social support
 Regular exercise
 Relaxation/mindfulness
 Developing chronic vs. acute responses
(both cognitive and behavioral)

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