1. Greek and Roman civilizations had a major influence on later art and culture by aiming to establish objective standards of beauty, especially in art and architecture. 2. Greek art progressed from the Geometric period's emphasis on patterns to the Classical period's peak of sculpture and architecture focusing on realistic human forms. Theater also evolved from Dionysian ceremonies to structured performances. 3. Roman art fused Greek influences with a preference for stern, strong realism in sculptures and infrastructure like the Colosseum. Theater was incorporated into Roman games. 4. During the Middle Ages, the Church's authority was dominant as seen in illuminated Christian scriptures and grand cathedrals built in Romanesque and Gothic styles.

1. Europe
ARTS OF THE EMERGING

2. Greek and Roman Civilizations were known as the Classical World
because both cultures aimed to embody the highest possible
standard of quality in all aspects of their society.
• Art and Architecture- both civilizations intended to promote the
possibility of having an objective and widely accepted
standards for beauty.
• Most art movements have taken inspiration from the certain
artistic elements from the two civilizations.

3. ANCIENT GREECE
Greeks were known to excel in various fields and aspects of society.
They also valued poetry, drama, and philosophy, which remain
interesting fields of contemporary times. In this civilization, man was at
the center of society and how they trained their minds could be the
very foundation of how they lived their lives. The humanist ideals of
the Greeks were reflected in their democratic form of government.
The development of Greek art can be divided into four:
1. Geometric Period 2. Archaic Period
3 . Geometric Period 4. Hellenistic Period

4. Development of Greek Art
1. Geometric Period - a time when
Greece starting to get back from the
onslaught of what seemed to be their
Dark Ages. It was period when
geometric shapes and patterns have
taken the spotlight in most of the
artworks.

5. Development of Greek Art
1. Archaic Period - place
importance on human
figures. This was primarily
a result of Greece's
trading activities with
other civilizations.

6. 3. Classical Period - The peak of Greek sculpture and
architecture. It was during this time when Greeks found
themselves rebuilding their temples and focusing on creating
artworks.
Development of Greek Art

7. 4. Hellenistic Period -
The time of Alexander
the Great. During this
time, art was primarily
focused on showcasing
emotions and depicting
reality. Hellenistic
sculptures started to
emphasize balance
while showcasing
Development of Greek Art
Lacoon and His
Sons

8. The followers of Dionysus (the god of fertility)-
Started the Greek theater. People who where devoted
to Dionysus would dance during ceremonies while giving
their offerings to their god. Eventually, Dionysians devised
a more structured form of drama involving dances and
choral songs. Continuously, the Greeks organized
theatrical contests where the performances were held in
front of large citizens.
.
Greece Theater

9. ANCIENT ROME
The Roman Republic was established around
500BCE. This civilization eventually transformed
into one of Western Europe’s mightiest empires.
• Roman civilization came of age during the
Hellenistic Period. The romans were fond of
the Greeks and their achievements in the arts.

10. • The fusion of Greek and Roman
cultures can be seen in most Roman
artworks. Eventually, Romans produce
artworks that are often looking stern,
harsh, and strong. They invoked the
principles of realism in most of their
works, highlighting the features of
human beings.
Poseidon and

11. • Romans were also known to be master
builders, gaining their reputation for grand
monuments and architectural infrastructures.
• One of their architectural achievements is the
Colosseum.
Planned and constructed during the reign of
Emperor Vespasian. Used for entertainment purposes
like public events and gadiator games. This structure
was a concrete manifestationn of Roman builder’s
craftmanship which focused on logical organization of
the entire edifice.

12. Rome Theater
Influence of Ancient Greece to Rome:
Writers of comedy like Platus and Terence have
patterned their works to those of Greek works.
Since the Roman audience was not as enthusiastic
about theatrical works unlike their Greek
counteroarts, most plays had to be included in the
Roman games.

13. MIDDLE AGES
The period between decline of Roman
Empire and the Renaissance. It was the
period that is characterized by ignorance
and darkness. Dominant characteristic of
the period was that the Church was the
central figure and authority.

14. MIDDLE AGES
The most important products of the early Middle
Ages would have to be copied of the Christian
scriptures. However, as printing press came
later after Middle Ages, copies of the scriptures
were done by hand.
These copies were also done with illustrations
and decorations which highlight the religious
focus of the period.

15. During this time, great cathedrals were built which categorized
into two periods:
• Romanesque (1050-1200) inspired by the Old Roman
Empire

16. During this time, great cathedrals were built which
categorized into two periods:
2. Gothic (1200-1500) had more northern flavor from the
Goths- vulgar and barbarian.

17. Artist valued the “individual” as a subject of arts. The
influence of humanism shifted the focus of some artworks
during the Renaissance Period to empower the
“individual”.
• Most artworks emphasized naturalism, which an
influence of humanism, as there is great emphasis
on the proportionality of the human body.
• Artists also added perspective of depth wherein
spaces were explored in different artworks. This
technique provided a three-dimensional perspective
of most Renaissance paintings.
.
Renaissance Art

18. • Renaissance artists also
gave importance to non-
religious themes or subjects,
however most artworks
remained religious in its
focus.
.
Renaissance Art
David- Michelangelo.

19. Renaissance Theater
Roman theatrical plays - these plays were performed
during special occasions at the courts of Italian princes.
The play were done in such a way that showcased grand
and lavish entertainment for the audience. They invested
in elaborate stages and costumes for the actors.
Eventually, this lead to Italy’s opera, that have greatly
influenced their tradition of popular theater.

20. Mannerism
A period in history which is a product of
Renaissance Period. As the Renaissance ended,
artists started directly copying subjects from
existing works of art. Most artworks during this
period displayed distorted figures, two-dimensional
spaces, discordant hues and colors, and lack of
defined focal point.

21. Baroque and the Rococo
The term “baroque” is derived from the Portuguese term barocco
which is translated as “irregularly shaped pearl”.
• Rome was the birthplace of the Baroque period, which
according to some historians was a response to
Protestantism.
• Most artists used colorful palettes and ornamentation in their
works. Italy in particular, strengthened not only their religion
but also other aspects like politics and art.

22. Baroque and the Rococo
• Expansion was the
central theme of this
period. Motion and
space were taken into
consideration by artists
like the use of dramatic
lighting and the
concept of time.

23. Music in Baroque
Arcangelo Corelli
Antonio Vivaldi
Baroque music
was able to clearly
distinguish loud
from soft and solo
from ensemble.
Most composers
come from Italy,
this includes:
Vivaldi, Corelli,
and Monteverdi.
Claudio Monteverdi

24. Music in Baroque
George
Frideric
Handel
Johann
Sebastian
Bach
• Influence of Baroque
music spread
outside Italy and
reached other parts
of Europe. Baroque
composers in
Germany: Bach and
Handel

25. • Baroque composers, through their works,
tried to evoke certain emotions from their
audience, they began to make more complex
musical compositions and performances.
• This kind of music was only limited to
powerful institutions like the Church and
individuals like the patrons.