The document outlines five basic elements of city planning: paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. It describes each element in detail. Paths are channels of movement, edges are boundaries, districts have common character, nodes are junctions or areas of concentration, and landmarks are external reference points. Together these elements structure the city and how people experience and understand it.

1. BASIC ELEMENTS OF CITY
PLANNING HISTORY & THEORY

2. Five Types of Elements of City :-
PATHS Moving Throughout
EDGES Boundaries
DISTRICTS Sections of Character
NODES Strategic Spots of Entry
LANDMARKS External Physical Object
“Districts are structured with nodes, defined by edges, penetrated by paths and
sprinkled with landmarks”

3. PATHS :-
Paths are the channels along which the observer customarily,
occasionally, or potentially moves. They may be streets, walkways,
transit lines, canals, railroads. For many people, these are the
predominant elements in their image. People observe the city while
moving through it, and along these paths the other environmental
elements are arranged and related.

4. EDGES :-
Edges are the linear elements not used or considered as paths by the
observer.
They are the boundaries between two phases, linear breaks in
continuity: shores, railroad cuts, edges of development, walls.
They are the lateral references rather than coordinate axes. Such edges
may be barriers, more or less penetrable, which close one region off
from another or they may be seams, lines along which two regions are
related & joined together.

5. EDGES :-
These edge elements, although probably not as dominant as paths, are
for many people important organizing features, particularly in the role
of holding together generalized areas, as in the outline of a city by water
or wall.

6. DISTRICTS :-
Districts are the medium-to-large sections of the city, conceived of as
having 2D extent, which the observer mentally enters “inside of,” &
which are recognizable as having some common, identifying character.
Always identifiable from the inside, they are also used for exterior
reference if visible from the outside. Most people structure their city to
some extent in this way, with individual differences as to whether paths
or districts are the dominant elements.
It seems to depend not only upon the individual but also upon the given
city.

7. NODES :-
Nodes are points, the strategic spots in a city into which an observer can
enter, and which are the intensive foci to and from which he is
travelling.
They may be primarily junctions, places of a break in transportation, a
crossing or convergence of paths, moments of shift from one structure
to another.
Or the nodes may be simply concentrations, which gain their
importance from being the condensation of some use or physical
character, as a street-corner hangout or an enclosed square.

8. NODES :-
Some of these concentration nodes are the focus and epitome of a
district, over which their influence radiates and of which they stand as
symbol. They may be called CORES. Many nodes, of course, partake of
the nature of both junctions and concentrations. The concept of node is
related to the concept of path, since junctions are typically the
convergence of paths, events on the journey. It is similarly related to the
concept of district, since cores are typically the intensive foci of districts,
their polarizing center. In any event, some nodal points are to be found
in almost every image, and in certain cases they may be the dominant
feature.

9. LANDMARKS :-
Landmarks are another type of point-reference, but in this case the
observer does not enter within them, they are external. They are usually
a rather simply defined physical object: building, sign, store, or
mountain. Their use involves the singling out of one element from a
host of possibilities.
Some landmarks are distant ones, typically seen from many angels and
distances, over the tops of smaller elements, & used as radial references.
They may be within the city or at such a distance that for all practical
purposes they symbolize a constant direction.

10. LANDMARKS :-
Such are isolated towers, golden domes, great hills. Even a mobile point,
like the sun, whose motion is sufficiently slow & regular, may be
employed.
Other landmarks are primarily local, being visible only in restricted
localities and from certain approaches. These are the innumerable signs,
store fronts, trees, doorknobs, and other urban detail, which fill in the
image of most observers. They are frequently used clues of identity and
even of structure, and seem to be increasingly relied upon as a journey
becomes more and more familiar.

11. ELEMENTS :-
Apart from the above basic elements of city, there are various elements
which are responsible for quality of life also which includes:
Rational Distribution of population:

12. ELEMENTS :-
Apart from the above basic elements of city, there are various elements
which are responsible for quality of life also which includes:
Community Infrastructure:

13. ELEMENTS :-
Apart from the above basic elements of city, there are various elements
which are responsible for quality of life also which includes:
Physical Infrastructure:

14. ELEMENTS :-
Apart from the above basic elements of city, there are various elements
which are responsible for quality of life also which includes:
Various Land Uses:

15. ELEMENTS :-
Apart from the above basic elements of city, there are various elements
which are responsible for quality of life also which includes:
Hierarchy of Green, Built and other things: