The document discusses the key elements of an abstract. It identifies five main elements: (1) statement of the research problem, (2) objectives of the proposed research, (3) methodologies used in the research, (4) results of the scientific study, and (5) conclusions of the research. It provides examples of each element using abstracts from two scientific studies.

1. Universidad Nacional Experimental
“Francisco de Miranda”
Departamento de Idiomas (CIES)
U.C: Inglés II
Unidad II

2. los Elementos de un Abstract.
Planteamiento del Problema de Investigación
 Habla sobre la problemática de la investigación, es decir, de qué
trata la investigación. Mayormente se encuentra al inicio del
abstract.
Objetivos de la investigación propuesta en el articulo
 Busca definir el propósito de la investigación. Es fácil de
identificar porque es la parte donde se describe mediante un
verbo en pasado el OBJETIVO. Por ejemplo; The purpose was
to examine…

3. los Elementos de un Abstract.
Metodologías seguidas en el trabajo realizado
 Habla del proceso mediante el cual se llevo a cabo la
investigación, dónde se realizó, cómo se realizó, a quiénes fue
aplicada, instrumento de investigación y otros aspectos que
describan el procedimiento que se aplicó para obtener los
resultados.
Resultados arrojados por el estudio científico
 Refleja todo lo obtenido mediante los procedimientos aplicados en
el marco metodológico. Aquí se pueden evidenciar números, y
otros que ayuden a obtener una conclusión y recomendación sobre
la investigación.

4. los Elementos de un Abstract.
 Conclusiones de la investigación
 Esta parte refleja el análisis de los resultados anteriormente
descritos, por tal razón la conclusión siempre estará al final del
abstract , si éste no posee recomendaciones ya que las
recomendaciones solo serán las observaciones que haya obtenido
el investigador en relación a las conclusiones obtenidas
Ahora observarás los siguientes abstract para
que puedas identificar los elementos de un
abstract.

5. Tuberculosis Risk Factors in Adults in King County
Tuberculosis has become a resurgent public health problem in the United
States. Because resources are limited, control programs frequently must
target populations at greatest risk. The purpose of the study was to
examine risk factors for tuberculosis in adults. In King County,
Washington State, from 1988 through 1990, the characteristics of
patients with tuberculosis were compared with census data, and a case-
control study was conducted. Self-administered questionnaires were
completed by 151 patients with active tuberculosis and 545 control
subjects. Infection with the human immuno-deficiency virus, non-White
race/ethnicity, and foreign birthplace were each associated with a sixfold
or greater increase in risk. Each of the following was associated with at
least a doubled risk: history of selected underlying medical-conditions;
low weight for height; low socioeconomic status; and age 70 years or
older. Men had 1.9 times the risk of women, smokers of 20 years or more
duration had 2.6 times the risk of nonsmokers, and heavy alcohol
consumers had 2.0 times the risk of nondrinkers. Intervention targeting
easily identified groups may be an effective way to reduce the incidence
Planteamiento del problema
Objetivo de la investigación
Metodología de la investigación
Resultados
Coclusión

6. Industrial safety hazard reduction through performance feedback
A "feedback package" system, designed to prevent occupational accidents and to fit directly
into the normal operations of an industrial organization, was analyzed. Eighteen hazardous
conditions in six production departments were assessed during seven observation sessions
over a 12-week period, plus four follow-up observations over 4 months. The "feedback
package" was presented in multiple baseline fashion, across subjects (department
supervisors). It consisted of presenting the supervisor with copies of observational data,
accompanied by a note which congratulated good practices and suggested ways for
improving safety conditions, along with occasional comments from a senior executive. The
results indicated that during the feedback phase, hazard rates were lower and less variable
than during the baseline phase. Baseline data were highly variable with peaks ranging from
20 to 55 hazards per department. Following intervention, hazard frequencies dropped by
60%, averaged across departments, with decreases ranging from 29% to 889%. During
treatment, data stabilized, with the highest frequency reaching 33. A modified feedback
system was implemented by the organization following termination of the study, validating
the assumption that such a system would tend to maintain.
DESCRIPTORS: industrial safety, feedback, organization, hazard reduction
Objetivo de la investigación
Metodología de la investigación
Conclusión
Resultados